トウカガタ ジシンケイ (ペネトレータ) ノ ナンキョク ミズホ コウゲン デノ シケン カンソク ダイ43ジ ナツタイ ホウコク

南極氷床上のクレバス帯等の,地上からは到達困難な地域での人工地震観測を目的とした投下型地震観測装置(南極ペネトレータ)を開発し,第43次日本南極地域観測隊で実施する東南極みずほ高原における人工地震探査で使用するために,22本のペネトレータを昭和基地に持ち込んだ.しかし,開発の遅れに伴う国内試験の不足から種々の不具合が発生し,今回は本観測での使用をあきらめざるを得なかった.当初の目的は果たすことができなかったが,国内では得られない環境でのペネトレータ投下実験を行い,投下姿勢,着地衝撃力,温度変化等の貴重なデータを得るとともに,南極内陸部での実際のヘリコプター運用への知見を得ることができた.これらの成果はペネトレータ型地震計の改良のみならず,今後の各種投下型観測機器の開発・製作に多いに役に立つものと考えられる.We have developed an Antarctic penetrator that is applicable to seismic explosion experiments along a difficult traverse route on a continental ice sheet with crevasses. In the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-43, 2001-2002) seismic explosion experiments on the Mizuho Plateau, in East Antarctica, we equipped 22 penetrators for seismic observation. However, due to electrical trouble, we could not apply the penetrators to actual observation. Then, we carried out a running test of the penetrators and acquired much valuable data that cannot be obtained in the domestic environment in Japan, such as the declination angle of a body intruding into the Antarctic ice sheet, impact shock, and daily change of temperature of the body in the snow. These data are not only useful for development of the Antarctic penetrator, but also for development of touchdown-type physical observation equipment for use in Antarctica

Early stage signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon examined by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging: a case report

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum is rare, and most cases are detected at an advanced stage. We present a case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma detected at an early stage by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) and crystal violet staining. Case presentation: A 73-year-old man visited our hospital for screening colonoscopy. Six years previously, he had undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. The pathological diagnosis was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, invading into the mucosa without lymphovascular invasion. Colonoscopy revealed a flat elevated lesion with a slightly depressed area, 20 mm in diameter, in the cecum. Further, magnifying endoscopy with NBI revealed that the surface pattern was slightly irregular and microvessels had a regular diameter and distribution in the margin of the lesion, but in the central part of the lesion, irregularity in the tumor surface pattern and form as well as in the diameter and distribution of microvessels was noted. Additionally, due to mucus, avascular areas were also observed. Magnifying endoscopy combined with 0.05 % crystal violet staining showed IIIL and VI pit patterns in the margin of the lesion, and a VI pit pattern in the central part of the lesion; however, due to mucus exudate, this finding could not be established with certainty. The lesion was successfully removed en bloc using ESD without complications. The tumor was composed mainly of signet ring cell carcinoma, partially mixed with moderately differentiated (tub2) and well-differentiated (tub1) adenocarcinomas. The tumor cells infiltrated 250 μm into the submucosal layer and involved lymphatic vessels. Therefore, the patient underwent an additional laparoscopic ileocecal resection, and the resected specimen revealed no residual carcinoma or lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: In this case report, we present a case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma detected at an early stage and identified by magnifying endoscopy with NBI and crystal violet staining

Introduction for Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

Chapter I. Aquatic Environment. Ken FURUYA and Ichiro YASUDA : chapter_1.pdfChapter II. Biology and Ecology of Aqua-Shere. Toyoji KANEKO, Katsumi TSUKAMOTO, Atsushi TSUDA, Yuzuru SUZUKI and Katsufumi SATOH : chapter_2.pdfChapter III. Aquatic Resource and Production. Ichiro AOKI, Kazuo OGAWA, Taku YAMAKAWA and Tomoyoshi YOSHINAGA : chapter_3.pdfChapter IV. Chemistry of Aquatic Organism and Their Utilization. Hiroki ABE, Shugo WATABE, Yoshihiro OCHIAI, Shigeru OKADA, Naoko YOSHIKAWA, Yoshiharu KINOSHITA, Gen KANEKO and Shigeki MATSUNAGA : chapter_4.pdfChapter V. Relation between Aqua-Shere and Human Life. Hisashi KUROKURA, Hirohide MATSUSHIMA, Shingo KUROHAGI, Haruko YAMASHITA, Akinori HINO, Kazumasa IKUTA, Satoquo SEINO, Masahiko ARIJI, Ken FURUYA, Junichiro OKAMOTO and Nobuyuki YAGI : chapter_5.pdfPart of "Introduction for Fisheries and Aquatic Biology

Two genetic variants of CD38 in subjects with autism spectrum disorder and controls

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系The neurobiological basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains poorly understood. Given the role of CD38 in social recognition through oxytocin (OT) release, we hypothesized that CD38 may play a role in the etiology of ASD. Here, we first examined the immunohistochemical expression of CD38 in the hypothalamus of post-mortem brains of non-ASD subjects and found that CD38 was colocalized with OT in secretory neurons. In studies of the association between CD38 and autism, we analyzed 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mutations of CD38 by re-sequencing DNAs mainly from a case-control study in Japan, and Caucasian cases mainly recruited to the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE). The SNPs of CD38, rs6449197 (p 70; designated as high-functioning autism (HFA)) in the U.S. 104 AGRE family trios, but not with Japanese 188 HFA subjects. A mutation that caused tryptophan to replace arginine at amino acid residue 140 (R140W; (rs1800561, 4693C>T)) was found in 0.6-4.6% of the Japanese population and was associated with ASD in the smaller case-control study. The SNP was clustered in pedigrees in which the fathers and brothers of T-allele-carrier probands had ASD or ASD traits. In this cohort OT plasma levels were lower in subjects with the T allele than in those without. One proband with the T allele who was taking nasal OT spray showed relief of symptoms. The two variant CD38 poloymorphysms tested may be of interest with regard of the pathophysiology of ASD. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with mild clinical conditions and detection of archetype-like JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis and is primarily caused by JC virus (JCV) with a mutation called prototype. We encountered a case of PML with moderate progression and analyzed the mutational patterns of JCV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A 19-year-old Japanese woman with mild neurological symptoms was diagnosed with combined immunodeficiency following pneumocystis pneumonia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed multiple brain lesions, and real-time polymerase chain reaction testing detected JCV in the CSF, leading to the diagnosis of PML. The disease course of PML was stable after administration of mefloquine and mirtazapine with immunoglobulin replacement therapy. In the JCV genome cloned from the patient CSF, DNA sequences of the gene encoding the capsid protein (VP1) and the non-coding control region exhibited small mutations. However, they were quite similar to those of the archetype JCV, which persists asymptomatically in healthy individuals. These findings provide insight into the mutational characteristics of JCV in PML with mild symptoms and progression

Analysis of Dynamic Failure of Coarse Particle Assemblage by Discrete Elliptic Element Method

The following thesis investigates how two novels, Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987) and J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999), demonstrate ethical dilemmas and how they can be used to help students develop ethical awareness and educate democratic citizens with the ability to think critically. Furthermore, this thesis discusses and suggests ways and approaches to teaching these literary works in upper secondary school. The new Core Elements for education on all levels in Norway have been renewed and include new values and principles. These guidelines create room to discuss and evaluate teaching theories and methods for learning in today’s school. Critical thinking and ethical awareness, democracy and citizenship are new values in the core curriculum, which are all ethical questions of human concerns, public society, and global challenge. Beloved and Disgrace both demonstrate issues within the societies they take place and pose moral dilemmas and provoke ethical discussions. Moreover, the novels confront historical traumas and present the relationship between empathy and ethics. In response to the novels’ intensive moral controversies, the argumentation of this thesis addresses questions as to how and why we should educate children and adolescents to become ‘ethically aware’ and responsible human beings, and why and how we can use literature, in this case, Beloved and Disgrace, to accomplish that goal. Further, it problematizes the new Core Elements and its ambitions, and questions how educators incorporate ethical dilemmas in schools today. To discuss the ethical dilemmas in the novels further and in more detail, two opposing ethical schools are used to enhance and problematize the portrayal of the ethical dimensions of the novels. Ethics is a discipline in which the moral permissibility of actions is based on absolute values, yet in this discussion, the opposing ethics are used to portray and interpret the complex issues posed in Beloved and Disgrace. Kant’s moral theory and Utilitarianism will be used to discuss the ethical dilemmas in the novels and how they portray a wider universal dimension of the racial and sexist system of society. This thesis will add to the discussion of the use of literature in Norwegian classrooms in an increasingly digital world. Additionally, it will discuss why novels with elaborate stories should be considered as learning material with excellent opportunities for ethical discussion and learning within a variety of themes. The goal is to bring new insights to the future of English education in Norway, and especially how we view the use of literature in discussions of ethics and morality in light of the new curriculum