Enhancing Ocean Literacy Using Real-Time Data

Ocean literacy is the understanding of our relationship with the ocean and the crucial services that the ocean provides to society and other living organisms (Cava et al., 2005). In 2004, a number of ocean science and educational communities adopted seven essential ocean literacy principles1 (Cava et al., 2005). These principles were further broken down into concepts, which were designed to teach science standards using an ocean orientation. Most state science standards do not specifically address these ocean principles but they have been categorized according to the National Science Educational Standards by discipline and overlap with the other traditional science disciplines. Hoffman and Barstow (2007) noted that no state addresses more than 20 of the 35 fundamental ocean concepts. Ten of the 35 concepts that were more biology focused were not included in their study. They also noted that more research needs to be conducted to evaluate whether students learn core science concepts and process skills using ocean literacy as the primary curriculum

Investigating Coastal Processes and Nitrate Levels in the Elkhorn Slough Using Real-Time Data

The primary objective of this activity is to predict how coastal processes, such as tides, affect salinity, temperature, and nitrate levels in a type of estuary, called a slough. Real-time data from the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve in Monterey, California, will be used to test predictions. In addition to collecting, graphing, and interpreting real-time data, students will learn how nitrates enter the estuary, and they will gain a better understanding of the interconnectedness of all bodies of water, especially estuaries

HPV type 16 E6 and NFX1-123 Augment JNK Signaling to Mediate Keratinocyte Differentiation and L1 Expression

The HPV life cycle is differentiation-dependent, with cellular differentiation driving initiation of the late, productive stage of the viral life cycle. Here, we identify a role for the protein NFX1-123 in regulating keratinocyte differentiation and events of the late HPV life cycle. NFX1-123 itself increased with differentiation of epithelial cells. Greater NFX1-123 augmented differentiation marker expression and JNK phosphorylation in differentiating 16E6-expressing human foreskin keratinocytes (16E6 HFKs). This was associated with altered expression of MKK4 and MKK7, upstream kinase regulators of JNK phosphorylation. Modulating levels of NFX1-123 in HPV16-positive W12E cells recapitulated the effects on differentiation markers, JNK phosphorylation, and MKK4/7 seen in 16E6 HFKs. Crucially, levels of NFX1-123 also correlated with expression of L1, the capsid protein of HPV. Altogether, these studies define a role for NFX1-123 in mediating epithelial differentiation through the JNK signaling pathway, potentially linking expression of cellular genes and HPV genes during differentiation

The Physiological Race of the first Hemileia vastatrix (Coffee Leaf Rust) discovered in Hawaii

29th Conference of Association for the Science and Information on Coffee, 11 Sept. - 14 Sept. 2023 Hanoi, Vietnaminfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First report of the physiological race (XXIV) of Hemileia vastatrix (Coffee Leaf Rust) in Hawaii

This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) UNIT (UID/AGR/04129/2020) of LEAF- -Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Research Unit.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Dataset for Pharmacovigilance in German, French, and Japanese: Annotating Adverse Drug Reactions across Languages

User-generated data sources have gained significance in uncovering Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), with an increasing number of discussions occurring in the digital world. However, the existing clinical corpora predominantly revolve around scientific articles in English. This work presents a multilingual corpus of texts concerning ADRs gathered from diverse sources, including patient fora, social media, and clinical reports in German, French, and Japanese. Our corpus contains annotations covering 12 entity types, four attribute types, and 13 relation types. It contributes to the development of real-world multilingual language models for healthcare. We provide statistics to highlight certain challenges associated with the corpus and conduct preliminary experiments resulting in strong baselines for extracting entities and relations between these entities, both within and across languages.Comment: Accepted at LREC-COLING 202

B Cell Depletion Reduces the Number of Autoreactive T Helper Cells and Prevents Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase-Induced Arthritis

The therapeutic benefit of B cell depletion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has provided proof of concept that B cells are relevant for the pathogenesis of arthritis. It remains unknown which B cell effector functions contribute to the induction or chronification of arthritis. We studied the clinical and immunological effects of B cell depletion in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-induced arthritis. We targeted CD22 to deplete B cells. Mice were depleted of B cells before or after immunization with glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI). The clinical and histological effects were studied. G6PI-specific antibody responses were measured by ELISA. G6PI-specific T helper (Th) cell responses were assayed by polychromatic flow cytometry. B cell depletion prior to G6PI-immunization prevented arthritis. B cell depletion after immunization ameliorated arthritis, whereas B cell depletion in arthritic mice was ineffective. Transfer of antibodies from arthritic mice into B cell depleted recipients did not reconstitute arthritis. B cell depleted mice harbored much fewer G6PI-specific Th cells than control animals. B cell depletion prevents but does not cure G6PI-induced arthritis. Arthritis prevention upon B cell depletion is associated with a drastic reduction in the number of G6PI-specific effector Th cells

Reading EAP: Investigating high proficiency L2 university students’ strategy use through reading blogs

This study investigates the reading strategies used by academically novice, but high-proficiency L2 students of English enrolled in a teacher education programme at a major Swedish university. Data were obtained from personal reading blogs kept by the students as they undertook course reading at home. An analysis revealed that students employed various reading strategies; however, there was limited evidence to suggest that students employed these strategies routinely. The most common strategy reported was connecting to short-term writing task. While students reported reflecting on their reading, they did not appear to amend unsuccessful strategy use, or re-use successful strategies. The study reveals the difficulties and limitations of high-proficiency L2 students who lack experience of reading academic literature in English, and discusses pedagogical implications for reading blogs

X-ray Spectral Properties of the BAT AGN Sample

The 9-month Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) catalog provides the first unbiased (log N_H = 0.03) AGN. In this paper, we present the collected X-ray properties (0.3 - 12keV) for the 153 AGN detected. In addition, we examine the X-ray properties for a complete sample of non-beamed sources, above the Galactic plane. Of these, 45% are best fit by simple power law models while 55% require the more complex partial covering model. One of our goals was to determine the fraction of "hidden" AGN, which we define as sources with scattering fractions < 0.03 and ratios of soft to hard X-ray flux < 0.04. We found that "hidden" AGN constitute a high percentage of the sample (24%), proving that they are a very significant portion of local AGN. Further, we find that the fraction of absorbed sources does increase at lower unabsorbed 2-10 keV luminosities, as well as accretion rates. Some of the most interesting results for the BAT AGN sample involve the host galaxy properties. We found that 33% are hosted in peculiar/irregular galaxies and only 5/74 hosted in ellipticals. Further, 54% are hosted in interacting/merger galaxies. Finally, we present both the average X-ray spectrum (0.1-10 keV) and log N-log S in the 2-10 keV band. With our average spectrum, we have the remarkable result of reproducing the measured CXB X-ray power law slope of ~ 1.4 (Marshall et al. 1980). From the log N-log S relationship, we show that we are complete to log S < -11 in the 2-10 keV band. Both the collected X-ray properties of our uniform sample and the log N-log S relationship will now provide valuable input to X-ray background models for z ~ 0. (abridged)Comment: 40 pages, 4 tables, 19 figures (submitted to ApJ

ヨボウ キョウイク カガク ニオケル ベース ソウゴウ キョウイク ト オプショナル キョウイク

After Yamasaki and Uchida（2010）that underscored the importance of the science of preventive education for children’s health and adjustment in schools, this paper introduced comprehensive base and partial optional education that are developed in the science of preventive education. The education is named “TOP SELF”（Trial Of Prevention School Education for Life and Friendship）. First, the structure of hierarchical purposes in each education was explained. In the comprehensive base education, developments of autonomy and interpersonal relatedness are established as primary purposes, and developments of selfconfidence, understanding and regulating emotions, prosociality, and social skills as constituent purposes. Under each constituent purpose, intermediate, subordinate, and operational purposes are developed in this order, and thereafter concrete methods are developed under each operational purpose. Meanwhile, the partial optional education has four taxonomic program groups such as School Adjustment, Mental Health, Physical Health, and Risk Behaviors. Each group has three or four prevention programs : Prevention programs for bullying, violence, and delinquency are included in School Adjustment ; revention programs for stress, anxiety, and depression in Mental Health ; prevention programs for drug abuse, sex-related misbehaviors, and smoking and drinking in Risk Behaviors ; and prevention programs for development and improvement of total lifestyles and dietary, exercise, and sleep lifestyles in order to prevent lifestyle diseases are included in Physical Health. Next, it was elucidated how to apply scientific theories and how to develop methods in TOP SELF. Specifically, common characteristics of the methods in TOP SELF were explained in detail, nderscoring development of materials and activities that are both attractive for children and easy for teachers to conduct and prepare for. Finally, basic implementation patterns of base and optional education in grade and junior high schools were suggested. Future topics that this paper did not cover are discussed