Discussion on possibility of community-based waste management views from citizen environmental consciousness: A case of rural area in Karang Joang Village, Balikpapan Indonesia)

The habit of Karang Joang people is throwing garbage, inherited from generation to generation. Most of treating’s their garbage are by burning it in the yard, throwing into the garden or the river. The transportation to take garbage that isn’t intensive by city officers and the lack of knowledge in managing the garbage greatly affects the pollution condition of the air, soil and water in the village. This research focuses on the patterns of society in treating organic waste and inorganic. Environmental conditions in the village to make some attention from the city government Balikpapan. Because the village is located in a protected forest manggar should be kept clean. We distributed questionnaires to 500 housewives that are living in 12 areas near the river. We interviewed one of the small shop and 5 housewives about what they buy and how dispose of waste in one day. Approximately 5-7 sachet plastics and around 200-300 grams of organic garbage. And approximately one drum of water is used for one family. Six months after distributing questionnaires and analyzing, we held a workshop with theme on the importance of eco-friendly living, composting of organic garbage, and counseling about bank of garbage program for 32 leaders in the village. Then we try to find solutions about how to build the consciousness and management in solid waste. In this study, some possible solutions have been presented by transfer environmental technologie

INVESTIGATION ON THE EXPERT COMMUNITIES AWARENESS OF THE URBAN RIVER WATER QUALITY, CASE STUDY OF SUGUTAMU RIVER, INDONESIA

Many rivers in urban areas in Indonesia are commonly used as raw water sources for drinking water purposes. Therefore, the water quality of the rivers needs to be maintained. River restoration program becomes a major priority in improving the water sector and environmental, particularly in big cities in Indonesia. Sugutamu River is one of the main rivers passing through the Depok City, West Province of Indonesia. High population . Stakeholder participations should be considered when implementing a participatory program in river restoration project. This program can be developed by increasing the awareness of the community. One of the most important communities is the ‘expert’ communities. In this research, economists, environmental specialists, river engineers, urban planners are selected as the ‘expert’ community. Questionnaires were distributed to the expert communities to investigate how the respondents concern about the importance of river water quality. The result shows that the awareness of the expert community on river water quality and its improvement is higher than on other aspects

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN MEDAN CITY, INDONESIA

Medan City already has been having Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) under PDAM Tirtanadi (North Sumatera Government) supervision, namely IPAL Cemara. IPAL Cemara is off-site sewerage system to treat domestic wastewater, includes black and grey water. IPAL Cemara has maximum capacity 60,000 m3/day, but recently, the number of treated households by IPAL Cemara is 18,396 households and the used capacity is less than 10,000 m3/day. This research analyses on operational phase of IPAL Cemara on environmental impacts, starts at wastewater influent from households and ending at release of wastewater effluent and disposal of dry sludge. The phase of reuse or recycle of effluent wastewater and dry sludge, and waste management are not included. Functional unit in this research is treatment of 7,171 m3 wastewater per day for a year.  The system boundary starts at wastewater influent and ends at release of wastewater effluent. The characterization factors are tracked based on CML Baseline 2001 and all of data processed by Microsoft Excel. For the result, got that Aerated Pond has removal efficiency of BOD and COD more than 70%, but on the other hand, it is the largest contributor to Climate Change impact because of diesel consumption (16.97%), the amount of CO2 (4,95%), and N2O (4.26%) from biogenic emission, and electricity use (3.04%).  The 65% reducing of TSS is occurred in UASB Reactor but UASB Reactor also as contributor for Climate Change impact (16.63%) and Photo-Oxidant Formation impact (29.34%) due to the highest production of CH4.  Facultative Pond contributes 49% of Climate Change impact and 31% of Photo-Oxidant Formation impact because of the highest production of CH4. Based on normalized by impact category, Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Eutrophication is the largest environmental impact in a whole system of IPAL Cemara. Freshwater Ecotoxicity caused by 72% CS2 at Release of Wastewater and Eutrophication caused by 41.25% of NH3 and 39.60% of N. It is Align with the result of normalized by Life Cycle Stage, shows that the Release of Wastewater Effluent is the largest contributor to environment in a whole system of IPAL Cemara

The homolog of Ciboulot in the termite (Hodotermopsis sjostedti): a multimeric β-thymosin involved in soldier-specific morphogenesis

Abstract Background Caste differentiation in social insects is a type of polyphenism that enables division of labor among members of a colony. This elaborate social integration has attracted broad interest, although little is known about its regulatory mechanisms, especially in Isoptera (termites). In this study, we analyzed soldier differentiation in the damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti, focusing on a possible effector gene for caste development. The gene for an actin-binding protein, HsjCib, which shows a high level of expression in developing mandibles during soldier differentiation, is characterized in detail. Results To examine the HsjCib gene, full-length cDNAs were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) and sequencing. Multiple isoforms were identified, and on the basis of the results of northern and Southern hybridization analyses, these isoforms were considered to be transcriptional variants from a single gene. On the basis of their sequence similarity to homologous genes of other organisms, functions in actin assembly were assumed to be different among isoforms. Expression analysis revealed high expression in the head during soldier differentiation, which was consistent with their allometric growth. Although isoform expression was observed in various tissues, different expression levels were observed among tissues, suggesting the possibility of tissue-specific morphogenetic regulation by HsjCib isoforms. Conclusion This study revealed the characteristics and dynamics of the HsjCib gene during soldier differentiation as a potential representative of downstream effector genes in caste-specific morphogenesis. From the expression patterns observed, this gene is considered to be involved in cephalic morphogenesis and neural reorganization, resulting in the establishment of caste-specific morphology and behavior.</p

MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF WASTE BANK ACTIVITIES IN INDONESIA: CASE STUDY OF MEDAN CITY

Aims: This study aims to improve waste bank activities in Medan and make them more efficient Methodology and Results: The study involved the collection of secondary and primary data. The secondary data collected involved a general description of the study area, number, status, and location of the waste bank. Primary data included interviews and field research on selected waste banks. Importantly, survey and data collection were conducted from December 2017 to April 2018. A semi-structured interview survey approach was conducted to collect the data. Using the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) methodology, the findings of the study showed that of the total amount of the input material, 87.4 % is a recyclable waste and 12.6 % water. Also, the waste bank activities generate 87.2% recyclable items, 12.6% wastewater, and 0.2% residues. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The findings are essential in understanding the use of resources to provide information for improving waste bank activities and waste management. Apart from the community, the government also plays a significant role in supporting the future of waste banks. This study found that waste bank activities are still conventional, with no technology adoption. In the future, the waste bank should be more efficient and manage large amounts of wastes, because the potential for recyclable products is still abundant.

Distributions of a halophilous and a riparian species of harvestmen along Sendai River, Tottori City, with the first records of harvestmen in Tottori Sand Dunes

Distributions of a maritime harvestman, Psathyropus tenuipes and a riparian harvestman Paraumbogrella pumilio were investigated along the Sendai River, Tottori City, Honshu, Japan. Psathyropus tenuipes was found from the mouth of the river to the site 4 km upstream where slight salinity (0.1 PPT) was detected in the river. On the other hand, no specimens were found from the upstream sites where no salinity was detected.This indicates that the species needs at least a slight salinity for its occurrence. Paraumbogrella pumilio was found at five sites from the dry riverbed near the Shobu floodgate to a site on the right bank of Sendai River just upstream of Yachiyo Bridge. Occurrence of this species seems to be related to presence of open ground covered with lower grasses on the banks. Recently, the both species were also found from the right bank of the river mouth of Sendai River that is also a part of Tottori Sand Dunes. These are the first records of harvestmen from Tottori Sand Dunes

PARTICIPATION OF LEADERS AND COMMUNITY IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA TO REDUCE LANDFILL WASTE LOAD

The increase in population and changes in community consumption patterns are one of the triggers for the increasing volume of waste. Therefore, changes are needed to manage waste so that the accumulation of waste can be handled properly. Government cooperation is considered important in solving problems. The volume of waste from its source has to be reduced. Therefore, it is important to empower the community in managing waste. This study compares the community participation in 3 villages in managing waste in their respective housing areas and waste management managed by the City Sanitation Department. Waste management in 3 locations became areas that can reduce the amount of waste going to the landfill. The data collection methods include interviews, observation and documentation, while data analysis uses descriptive qualitative techniques. Based on the results of the study, one form of leader and community participation in environmental improvement efforts is by participating in managing waste, participating in 3R workshops and giving labor contributions in the form of community service