THE USE OF BAGASSE SYNTHETIC SURFACTANTS AS MATERIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POLICIES TO IMPLEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Aims: The aim of this research study is to show that the use of synthetic surfactant from bagasse is Environmentally Friendly Policies. Environmental management is an important step that needs to be taken on this immediate moment. Various human and industrial activities surely have affected the environment. Environmental management should include a number of groups from different varieties such as academics, policy makers, non-governmental organizations, corporations’ employees, government’s employees and related multidisciplinary groups. Methodology and Results: Environmental management will produce an ecological process and shapes industrial ecology which consists of four components namely; production, consumption, waste/by-products and raw materials. Bagasse as one of industrial solid wastes involved in environmental management will also produce ecological process. Bagasse which is produced from sugarcane processing can be further reprocessed into SLS surfactant that is useful for oil companies as injection fluid on reservoirs to improve oil recovery level. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Environmental management can be applied between two industries that have mutualism symbiosis relationship through secondary production. Waste minimization can be achieved through bagasse processing. Sugarcane bagasse reprocessing into SLS surfactant is a sustainable program that supports sustainable material management effort. The action to reprocess natural waste into a valuable economical material can also alter human behavior into a more environmental friendly type of behavior

THE USE OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH (SBE) AS AN ADSORBENT TO REDUCE FREE FATTY ACIDS IN WASTE COOKING OIL

High free fatty acids in waste cooking oil can interfere with the re-use of the cooking oil. Therefore, the absorption technique is one way that can reduce the free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil. Aim: The purpose of this study is to find out the ability of Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) to adsorb free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil to be biodiesel products. In this study, waste cooking oil was collected from fried food sellers in Bekasi, while spent bleaching earth (SBE)-one of the solid wastes produced by refinery oil palm industry as an adsorbent-was from the palm oil industry PT X. For Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE), the redundant used 0.7 M HNO3. To obtain the optimum products, The redundant applied the variation of time (i.e., 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes) and concentration (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%). Methodology and results: Results indicated that the time variation of temperature 90 minutes were the maximum and the concentration of 15% were the optimal combination to reduce free fatty acids 0.65%. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The values of water and ash contents of RSBE also meet the quality standard as activated carbon and can be used as an adsorbent for the purification of waste cooking oil. The oil content in SBE is less than 3% and is considered not to be a toxic hazardous waste. Therefore, it can be reused without pre-treatment. In addition, the redundant found that there were changes pore on the surface of the SBE, both activated and not activated. To conclude, SBE can be used as an absorbent to absorb the fatty acids in waste cooking oil

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THE ECO ENZYME APPLICATION ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE DEGRADATION

Aim: This study aims to determine whether the application of eco enzyme affects the industrial waste activated sludge degradation and to compare the effects of eco enzyme made from oranges and tomatoes. Methodology and results: The experiments were done on the laboratory scale for 12 days by applying 10% of eco enzyme in the sludge samples. It showed both tomatoes and oranges eco enzymes can decrease the pH from 6.9 to 4.7 compared to control which was stable at 6.9. The reduction of COD, TSS, and VSS by tomato eco enzyme applications were 61%, 39% 41% respectively compared to by orange eco enzyme application that showed a higher reduction of 78%, 45%, 46% respectively. The control samples also show the reduction of COD, TSS, and VSS by 21%, 23%, 30% respectively. The reduction of organic content in the control samples of sludge (8.9%) was higher than the samples with eco enzyme (3.5%). Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The results showed that eco enzyme application significant statistically affected reduction of pH, COD, organic content, but not significant statistically on TSS and VSS reductions. Comparing the application of orange and tomatoes eco enzyme did not show the significant different treatment

THE POTENTIAL CIBERANG RIVER ANALYSIS FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT OF BANTEN PROVINCE

Aim: This study was aimed to analyze the potential of water sources in the Ciberang River to support drinking water supply system of Banten Province. Methodology and results: The method use to analyze the potential of Ciberang river is a hydrological statistical analysis. The results of the hydrological statistical analysis show that the water resources of the Ciberang River are not sufficient to meet domestic and industrial water needs in Banten Province. Domestic and industrial water demand in Banten Province in 2025 is estimated at 14.64 m3/s and 10.46 m3/s, respectively, while the mainstay discharge with the return period of 10 and 20 year for all durations does not meet these water needs. The mainstay discharge of the Ciberang River with a 10-year return period of 1, 2, 7, 15 and 30 day respectively was 0.08 m3/s, 0.1 m3/s, 0.19 m3/s, 0.36 m3/s, and 0.87 m3/s. The mainstays of the 20-year return period of 1,2,7,15 and 30 day respectively are 0.04 m3/s, 0.06 m3/s, 0.11 m3/s, 0.23 m3/s and 0.59 m3/s. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Based on this, it is necessary to conserve water resources to increase the main flow of the Ciberang River. One of the strategic policies to increase the river's mainstay discharge is constructing the reservoir

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ORGANIC REMOVAL IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER USING ANAEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEM-MBBR WITH FLOW RECIRCULATION RATIO AND INTERMITTENT AERATION

Aim: The modified Small-scale Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant (SDSTP) reactor with anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is implemented to find the optimum condition for organic degradation related to recirculation and intermittent aeration practices with the purpose to comply with the governmental regulation standard.  Methodology and Results: This research have been done with the artificial wastewater with characteristic similar to the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Telkom company with ratio C:N:P of characterized domestic wastewater is 252.40:85.42:3.01 that consists of glucose, NH4Cl, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Reactor design related with attached biomass in media until 2478.56 mg MLVSS.L-1 with the growth kinetics rate (μ) of 0.4691 day—1. The artificial wastewater is applied the determine the optimum variation of flow recirculation and periodic aeration in specific Hydraulics Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR). In this research, the optimum recirculation ratio for organic degradation is 26.40 L.h-1 and the optimum aeration frequency variation is  12 hours in intermittent frequency with the maximum efficiency of organic degradation of 76.10% with the degradation efficiency real domestic wastewater application from STP Telkom company is 83.09%. Conclusion, significance and impact study:  Stover-Kincannon model is the best model with highest accuracy rate to model the degradation performance of organic compounds by the anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic MBBR SDSTP with determination coefficient 0.8623 and also degradation coefficient 38.121 day-1 compared with other models studied in this research

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING VERMIFILTER COMBINED WITH CANNA INDICA

Untreated domestic wastewater can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. Vermifilter integrated with the Canna indica plant is one of the technological alternatives that can be used to treat domestic wastewater. One of affecting the performance of vermifilters is the vermibed media. Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of vermibed material on the concentration of COD, TP, DO, and the pH value of domestic wastewater treated with vermifilter combined with Canna indica plants. Methodology and Results: The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a a continuous system using a plastic reactor dimension of 59 x 38 x 29 cm, which is filled with sand filter media, coconut fiber, gravel, and vermibed. The vermibed reactor consists of 4 reactors including reactor 1 (R1) vegetable vermibed, reactor 2 (R2) sawdust, reactor 3 (R3) banana peel, and reactor 4 (R4) cow dung. The results showed that  at the end of the research, the best performance is showed by reactor R2 that able to decrease COD 94.81%, TP 92.07%, DO increase 320.00%, pH 6.30±0.10.  Vermibed sawdust (R2) can lower COD, TP and raise DO higher to treat domestic wastewater by combining vermifilter with Canna indica plant.  Conclusion, significance, and impact study:  Vermifilter with Canna indica plant is an effective wastewater treatment in reducing COD, TP, increasing DO and pH value.   This treatment is easy processing of operation and maintenance, does not require large land, can be done on an individual scale, and is environmentally friendly

ANALYSIS OF WASTE BANK MANAGEMENT MODEL AROUND LAKE TONDANO TOURISM OBJECT IN SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Unmanaged waste can cause various problems of environmental damage including threatening tourism development. The current waste problem is quite worrying because it can have a direct impact on humans, such as the entry of plastic elements into the human body through fish or food exposed to microplastics. Aim: The waste bank around Lake Tondano tourism object was studied qualitatively with the aim of describing the waste bank management mechanism to be used as a model for developing a waste bank to support sustainable tourism development. Methodogy and Results: The research data was obtained through field research through observations and interviews with waste banks around the Tondano lake tourist attraction, in this case the Mapalus waste bank located in Papakelan Village. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The results show that the current form of waste bank management on the shores of Lake Tondano is a waste bank that is purely managed by the community. The form of management is to collect waste from the community by first going through a sorting process. After sorting, organic waste is used as fertilizer and inorganic waste is made into valuable products and can be used as souvenirs for tourists.  The waste bank program can reduce the increase in waste directly from the source. In addition, the waste bank can produce new products and provide benefits to the community. The waste bank is also a solution in the context of developing tourism on the coast of Lake Tondano