Instrumentos de avaliação da postura dinâmica : aplicabilidade ao ambiente escolar

Orientador: Drª Cláudia Tarragô CandottiMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Curso de Especialização em Fisiologia do ExercícioInclui referênciasResumo: O objetivo foi descrever os instrumentos encontrados na literatura que avaliam a postura dinamica em adultos e escolares, e refletir sobre a utilizaçao destes no ambiente escolar. A partir da busca em bases de dados e no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes foram identificados oito artigos que apresentam instrumentos de avaliaçao da postura dinamica, avaliando as atividades da vida diaria (AVO's) através de critérios biomecanicos pré-definidos, por meio de escalas numéricas, sendo que apenas quatro instrumentos foram elaborados com o proposito de avaliar as AVO's de escolares. De modo geral, os instrumentos apresentam limitações metodologicas, embora sejam de facil aplicabilidade

BACK PAIN AND THE POSTURAL AND BEHAVIORAL HABITS OF STUDENTS IN THE MUNICIPAL SCHOOL NETWORK OF TEUTÔNIA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL

to investigate the prevalence of back pain during a prior three-month period; to identify postural and behavioral habits; to assess whether a relationship exists between back pain and the postural and behavioral habits of elementary school students in the municipal school network in the city of Teutônia, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). METHODS: this was an epidemiological population study in which 833 5th to 8th grade students from schools in the municipal school network in Teutônia participated. The students completed a Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) questionnaire that assessed back pain and postural and behavioral habits. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, calculating prevalence ratios (PR) and confidence intervals at the 95% level. The dependent variable was back pain, and the independent variables were postural and behavioral habits. The PR was calculated using a multivariate analysis with robust variance (α = 0.05). RESULTS: the prevalence of back pain in the previous three months was 54.1%. The majority of students reported feeling pain once per month, and 17.4% of the students reported that pain impaired their performance of daily activities. The multivariate analysis showed a correlation between back pain and time spent per day watching television (p = 0.046), sleeping posture (p = 0.048) and sitting Down to write (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: these results demonstrate a high prevalence of back pain in schoolchildren, suggesting an urgent need to develop educational and preventative programs in schools

Análise cinemática da estratégia de corrida de crianças em idade escolar na prova de 50 metros

Objetivo: avaliar a cinemática da corrida durante a prova de 50 metros de 28 escolares do ensino fundamental. Método: para a avaliação cinemática foram realizadas filmagens no plano sagital, durante a corrida ao longo de todo percurso da prova de 50 metros. Foi mensurado o tempo total do percurso e a cada 5 metros, o comprimento da passada e foram calculadas a frequência de passos e a velocidade. Resultados e considerações finais: não houve diferença na quantidade de passos (p=0,417) e no comprimento da passada (p=0,868) durante os 50 metros entre os sexos. Entretanto, para as variáveis tempo e frequência de passos, verificou-se diferença entre os sexos (p=0,001), sendo que os meninos realizaram a prova em menor tempo e maior frequência de passos que as meninas

Lazer em forma de recreação em parques zoológicos: possibilidade interdisciplinar

Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar, a partir dos frequentadores do Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, o interesse em atividades de lazer, em forma de recreação. Método: Estudo descritivo com análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário estruturado com questões de múltipla escolha, questões abertas e fechadas. Participaram da amostra 85 visitantes (adolescentes, adultos e idosos). Resultados e considerações finais: Verificou-se o interesse de 87,05% da amostra em realizar atividades interdisciplinares de lazer em forma de recreação, configurando-se esse, mais um campo de atuação para o profissional de Educação Física

Risk factors for back pain among southern brazilian school children: a 6-year prospective cohort study

Risk factors associated with back pain vary in different countries. Given the lack of studies in Latin America, our study aimed to assess back pain and its associated factors for six years in Southern Brazilian school children. All children attending the fifth grade of Teutônia, Brazil, were invited to participate in the study. Only schoolchildren who did not report back pain were included in the first assessment. The schoolchildren completed the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) during three assessments (2011, 2014, and 2017). BackPEI assesses the presence of back pain and possible associated risk factors (postural, behavioral, and sociodemographic). Generalized estimated equations (GEE) were used to perform a Poisson regression model with robust variance for longitudinal analysis. After six years of follow-up, 75 schoolchildren completed all the assessments. The risk factors associated with back pain were spending more than six hours daily watching television, lifting objects from the ground adopting an inadequate posture, using another backpack type different from those with two straps, and carrying a backpack in an asymmetric way. These results are important in guiding the planning of public policies to minimize this public health problem

Informatics applied to health evaluation and promotion: online platform for filling in questionnaires

Objective: This study was conducted with the objective of developing and evaluating a computerized platform for health promotion for workers of the Instituto Federal Goiano Campus Ceres. Method: The system was developed using markup languages (HTML, CSS) for presentation and styling of the interface and programming languages (PHP, JavaScript) for forms data management, connecting to the database, and dynamic user-system interaction. The graphic framework Bootstrap was also used to increase the visual aspect. The main tools employed were the folowing: Atom (for code editing); FileZilla Client (for FTP files maintenance); and phpMyAdmin (for database management). The system was evaluated by means of a questionnaire created for this purpose, which was completed by 41 workers. Results and final considerations: The results indicate that the platform is useful, innovative, and applicable to various worker populations. Health informatics is a continuously expanding area. Thus, efficient and effective information collection and maintainance systems are essential

Back pain and its risk factors in Brazilian adolescents : a longitudinal study

Owing to the lack of longitudinal studies in Latin American countries, we aimed to evaluate back pain and its risk factors in a 3-year longitudinal study of Brazilian adolescents. We analysed data of 525 adolescents (aged 11–16 years) attending primary school (fifth to eighth grade) in Brazil. The students were administered the self-reported Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) questionnaire in 2011 and at a follow-up evaluation that was conducted 3 years later (2014). Back pain was the outcome variable; the exposure variables included exercise, behavioural, hereditary and postural factors. Generalized estimating equations were used to perform a Poisson regression model with robust variance to evaluate the risk factors for back pain. The prevalence of back pain at baseline was 56% (n = 294); this increased significantly at the 3-year follow-up evaluation to 65.9% (n = 346). The frequency of experiencing back pain also significantly increased after 3 years in both boys (p = 0.002) and girls (p = 0.001). The prevalence of back pain increased significantly in adolescents up to the age of 13 years, stabilized in those aged 14 years and older and was higher among girls. A family history of back pain (in the parents), watching television for lengthy periods and carrying a backpack asymmetrically were predictors for back pain

PREVALÊNCIA DE DOR LOMBAR E OS DESEQUILÍBRIOS MUSCULARES EM MANICURES

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a existência da relação entre dor lombar e os desequilíbrios musculares da cintura pélvica. A amostra foi constituída por trinta indivíduos do gênero feminino que exercem a profissão de manicure. Foram realizados cinco procedimentos de avaliação: teste passivo de comprimento dos músculos isquiotibiais; teste de força dos músculos abdominais; teste de comprimento dos músculos flexores de quadril; teste de força dos músculos extensores lombares e questionário para verificar a dor nas costas. Todos os procedimentos foram previamente validados. Os dados foram submetidos a estatística descritiva, através de tabelas de freqüências e ao teste de qui-quadrado para verificar a associação da dor com os encurtamentos e fraquezas musculares. O nível de significância foi 0,05. Os resultados demonstram que a prevalência da dor lombar foi de 96,7% e que a dor lombar está associada com os encurtamentos musculares, tanto dos isquiotibiais quanto dos flexores do quadril, bem como que a dor lombar também está associada com a fraqueza muscular, dos músculos abdominais, entretanto, não mostrou associação entre a dor lombar e a fraqueza dos músculos extensores lombares. Os resultados sugerem que a postura sentada por longos períodos, aliada ao sedentarismo, pode favorecer a instalação de desequilíbrios musculares na pelve e no tronco, ocasionando dor nas estruturas do sistema músculo-esquelético, refletindo na alta prevalência de lombalgia referida pelas manicures

Prevalence of postural deviations in the spine in schoolchildren: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of spine postural deviations in Brazilian schoolchildren. Methods: Searches were conducted in databases EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Science Direct, and Web of Science, as well as manual searches to identify studies that evaluated the prevalence of spine postural deviations in Brazilian schoolchildren. Two independent reviewers realized the study selection, evaluated the methodological quality and the risk of bias and extracted data. The homogeneity between the studies was evaluated and the quality of evidence level using the GRADE system. Results: 29 studies were included, of which extracted the frequency of positive events to changes in cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, as well as the frequency of scoliosis between schoolchildren. Even performing the meta-analysis separated by subgroups according to the spine region, the heterogeneity level it was up to 90%, it is not possible to perform the meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of spine postural deviations in Brazilian schoolchildren. Conclusion: There is low strength of evidence to establish a consensus about the values of the prevalence of spine postural deviations in Brazilian schoolchildren