The spin and charge gaps of the half-filled N-leg Kondo ladders

In this work, we study N-leg Kondo ladders at half-filling through the density matrix renormalization group. We found non-zero spin and charge gaps for any finite number of legs and Kondo coupling $J>0$. We also show evidence of the existence of a quantum critical point in the two dimensional Kondo lattice model, in agreement with previous works. Based on the binding energy of two holes, we did not find evidence of superconductivity in the 2D Kondo lattice model close to half-filling.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, 3 fig

Open Cosmic Strings in Black Hole Space-Times

We construct open cosmic string solutions in Schwarzschild black hole and non-dilatonic black p-brane backgrounds. These strings can be thought to stretch between two D-branes or between a D-brane and the horizon in curved space-time. We study small fluctuations around these solutions and discuss their basic properties.Comment: 11 pages, REVTex, 5 figures, a reference adde

Scaling approach to itinerant quantum critical points

Based on phase space arguments, we develop a simple approach to metallic quantum critical points, designed to study the problem without integrating the fermions out of the partition function. The method is applied to the spin-fermion model of a T=0 ferromagnetic transition. Stability criteria for the conduction and the spin fluids are derived by scaling at the tree level. We conclude that anomalous exponents may be generated for the fermion self-energy and the spin-spin correlation functions below $d=3$, in spite of the spin fluid being above its upper critical dimension.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures; discussion of the phase space restriction modified and, for illustrative purposes, restricted to the tree-level analysis of the ferromagnetic transitio

The nucleon's strange electromagnetic and scalar matrix elements

Quenched lattice QCD simulations and quenched chiral perturbation theory are used together for this study of strangeness in the nucleon. Dependences of the matrix elements on strange quark mass, valence quark mass and momentum transfer are discussed in both the lattice and chiral frameworks. The combined results of this study are in good agreement with existing experimental data and predictions are made for upcoming experiments. Possible future refinements of the theoretical method are suggested.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Diamagnetic Persistent Currents and Spontaneous Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Mesoscopic Structures

Recently, new strongly interacting phases have been uncovered in mesoscopic systems with chaotic scattering at the boundaries by two of the present authors and R. Shankar. This analysis is reliable when the dimensionless conductance of the system is large, and is nonperturbative in both disorder and interactions. The new phases are the mesoscopic analogue of spontaneous distortions of the Fermi surface induced by interactions in bulk systems and can occur in any Fermi liquid channel with angular momentum $m$. Here we show that the phase with $m$ even has a diamagnetic persistent current (seen experimentally but mysterious theoretically), while that with $m$ odd can be driven through a transition which spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry by increasing the coupling to dissipative leads.Comment: 4 pages, three eps figure

Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory in a finite volume: scalar meson sector

We develop a scheme for the extraction of the properties of the scalar mesons f0(600), f0(980), and a0(980) from lattice QCD data. This scheme is based on a two-channel chiral unitary approach with fully relativistic propagators in a finite volume. In order to discuss the feasibility of finding the mass and width of the scalar resonances, we analyze synthetic lattice data with a fixed error assigned, and show that the framework can be indeed used for an accurate determination of resonance pole positions in the multi-channel scattering.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figure

Emission from the D1D5 CFT

It is believed that the D1D5 brane system is described by an 'orbifold CFT' at a special point in moduli space. We first develop a general formulation relating amplitudes in a d-dimensional CFT to absorption/emission of quanta from flat infinity. We then construct the D1D5 vertex operators for minimally coupled scalars in supergravity, and use these to compute the CFT amplitude for emission from a state carrying a single excitation. Using spectral flow we relate this process to one where we have emission from a highly excited initial state. In each case the radiation rate is found to agree with the radiation found in the gravity dual.Comment: 49 pages, latex, 6 figures; v2: reformatted for JHEP, corrected typos, and added reference

Scalar mesons moving in a finite volume and the role of partial wave mixing

Phase shifts and resonance parameters can be obtained from finite-volume lattice spectra for interacting pairs of particles, moving with nonzero total momentum. We present a simple derivation of the method that is subsequently applied to obtain the pi pi and pi K phase shifts in the sectors with total isospin I=0 and I=1/2, respectively. Considering different total momenta, one obtains extra data points for a given volume that allow for a very efficient extraction of the resonance parameters in the infinite-volume limit. Corrections due to the mixing of partial waves are provided. We expect that our results will help to optimize the strategies in lattice simulations, which aim at an accurate determination of the scattering and resonance properties.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure

Superstrings on PP-Wave Backgrounds and Symmetric Orbifolds

We study the superstring theory on pp-wave background with NSNS-flux that is realized as the Penrose limit of AdS_3 x S^3 x M^4, where M^4 is T^4 or T^4/Z_2(~ K3). Quantizing this system in the covariant gauge, we explicitly construct the space-time supersymmetry algebra and the complete set of DDF operators. We analyse the spectrum of physical states by using the spectrally flowed representations of current algebra. This spectrum is classified by the ``short string sectors'' and the ``long string sectors'' as in AdS_3 string theory. The states of the latter propagate freely along the transverse plane of pp-wave background, but the states of the former do not. We compare the short string spectrum with the BPS and almost BPS states which have large R-charges in the symmetric orbifold conformal theory, which is known as the candidate of dual theory of superstrings on AdS_3 x S^3 x M^4. We show that every short string states can be embedded successfully in the single particle Hilbert space of symmetric orbifold conformal theory.Comment: Latex, 35 pages, minor change

Quark contributions to baryon magnetic moments in full, quenched, and partially quenched QCD

The chiral nonanalytic behavior of quark-flavor contributions to the magnetic moments of octet baryons is determined in full, quenched and partially quenched QCD, using an intuitive and efficient diagrammatic formulation of quenched and partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. The technique provides a separation of quark-sector magnetic-moment contributions into direct sea-quark loop, valence-quark, indirect sea-quark loop and quenched valence contributions, the latter being the conventional view of the quenched approximation. Both meson and baryon mass violations of SU(3)-flavor symmetry are accounted for. Following a comprehensive examination of the individual quark-sector contributions to octet baryon magnetic moments, numerous opportunities to observe and test the underlying structure of baryons and the nature of chiral nonanalytic behavior in QCD and its quenched variants are discussed. In particular, the valence u-quark contribution to the proton magnetic moment provides the optimal opportunity to directly view nonanalytic behavior associated with the meson cloud of full QCD and the quenched meson cloud of quenched QCD. The u quark in Σ+ provides the best opportunity to display the artifacts of the quenched approximation.Derek B. Leinwebe