Fish stocks of Urophycis Brasiliensis revealed by otolith fingerprint and shape in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

Brazilian codling Urophycis brasiliensis is one of the main commercial coastal fish species from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Regardless of its economic relevance, its stock structure remains largely unknown. In this study, we used the otolith shape and the core/outer edge multi-elemental fingerprints (Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Fe:Ca, Zn:Ca, Rb:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Ba:Ca ratios) to evaluate the spatial segregation of young (nursery areas) and adult (stocks) stages of fish from the coast of northern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. Otolith edge chemistry showed that several elemental ratios were significantly different between catching areas. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (p 0.05). QDA classification rates were relatively low for Uruguay (48.0%) and values of 66.7 and 70.0% were found for Brazil and Argentina, respectively. Our results not only show the presence of at least two fish stocks (Argentina and Brazil), with a third potential stock in Uruguay, but also suggest a strong spatial segregation during ontogeny.Fil: Biolé, Fernanda Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Thompson, Gustavo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vargas, Claudia Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Leisen, Mathieu. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Barra, Fernando. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Volpedo, Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; ArgentinaFil: Avigliano, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones en Producción Animal; Argentin

In situ probing of the present-day zircon-bearing magma chamber at Krafla, Northeastern Iceland

Active felsic magmatism has been rarely probed in situ by drilling but one recent exception is quenched rhyolite sampled during the 2009 Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP). We report finding of rare zircons of up to ∼100 µm in size in rhyolite glasses from the IDDP-1 well products and the host 1724 AD Viti granophyres. The applied SHRIMP U-Th dating for both the IDDP and the Viti granophyre zircons gives zero-age (±2 kyr), and therefore suggests that the IDDP-1 zircons have crystallized from an active magma intrusion rather than due to the 20–80 ka post-caldera magmatic episodes recorded by nearby domes and ridges. Ti-in-zircon geothermometer for Viti granophyre reveals zircon crystallization temperatures ∼800°C–900°C, whereas IDDP-1 rhyolite zircon cores show Ti content higher than 100 ppm, corresponding to temperatures up to ∼1,100°C according to the Ti-in-zircon thermometer. According to our thermochemical model at such elevated temperatures as 1,100°C, rhyolitic magma cannot be saturated with zircon and zircon crystallization is not possible. We explain this controversy by either kinetic effects or non-ideal Ti incorporation into growing zircons at low pressures that start to grow from nucleus at temperatures ∼930°C. High temperatures recorded by IDDP-1 zircon together with an occurrence of baddeleyite require that the rhyolite magma formed by partial melting of the host granophyre due to basaltic magma intrusion. Zr concentration profiles in glass around zircons are flat, suggesting residence in rhyolitic melt for >4 years. In our thermochemical modeling, three scenarios are considered. The host felsite rocks are intruded by: 1) a basaltic sill, 2) rhyolite magma 3) rhyolite sill connected to a deeper magmatic system. Based on the solution of the heat conduction equation accounting for the release of latent heat and effective thermal conductivity, these data confirm that the rhyolite magma could be produced by felsic crust melting as a result of injection of a basaltic or rhyolite sill during the Krafla Fires eruption (1975 AD)

Analyse chimique des inclusions fluides par ablation laser couplée à l’ICP-MS et applications géochimiques

The study of paleofluids by using fluid inclusions analysis is an important challenge in geochemistry. The LA-ICPMS technique allows enlarging the field of possibilities by determining the cationic content in fluid inclusions. Three aims, with LA-ICPMS as the thesis centre, are developed here: (i) the calibration of LA-ICPMS associated with a work on chimiometry give the possibility of this analytical technique and experimental protocol adapted; (ii) The development of a calculation method based on Pitzer’s themodynamic model. The quantification of cationic content (trace and major elements) is improved. In parallel, a software is developed to facilitate the processing of raw signal, (iii) the study of different targets is made. The Cl/Br concentration ratios are used to get information of the fluids origin. Then, a analysis on four different natural targets linked with silver deposits is realized. The last point is the feasabilty of the determination of rare earth element in fluid inclusion of Mac Arthur River (Uranium deposit, Canada)L’étude des inclusions fluides individuelles, témoin des paléofluides, pose des défis analytiques majeurs aux géochimistes. La mise au point de la technique LA-ICPMS ouvre des perspectives prometteuses. Un triple objectif autour de l’utilisation de LA-ICPMS pour l’analyse d’inclusions fluides définit cette thèse. Tout d’abord, un travail basé sur la chimiométrie permettant de définir un protocole expérimental adaptable a été couplé à la réalisation de courbes de calibrage sur 3 à 4 ordres de grandeur pour tous les éléments analysés. Le développement d’une démarche rigoureuse basée sur un traitement du signal et un modèle thermodynamique a permis la quantification du contenu ionique (éléments majeurs et traces) des inclusions fluides. Le développement d’un logiciel de traitement des données est venu finaliser cet objectif. Enfin, l’étude de différentes cibles naturelles a été divisée en trois parties. Les halogénures Cl, Br et I sont des informations utiles dans l’étude de l’origine des fluides. Une approche originale basée sur la courbe de calibration de Br a permis d’analyser dans trois types de fluides différents les rapports Cl/Br. La seconde étude a porté sur l’analyse de l’argent et d’autres éléments des paragénèses contenus dans les fluides de différents gisements argentifères. La dernière partie est basée sur la faisabilité d’obtenir les concentrations des terres rares dans des inclusions fluides favorable

Fluid inclusions analysis by LA-ICPMS and geochemical application

L’étude des inclusions fluides individuelles, témoin des paléofluides, pose des défis analytiques majeurs aux géochimistes. La mise au point de la technique LA-ICPMS ouvre des perspectives prometteuses. Un triple objectif autour de l’utilisation de LA-ICPMS pour l’analyse d’inclusions fluides définit cette thèse. Tout d’abord, un travail basé sur la chimiométrie permettant de définir un protocole expérimental adaptable a été couplé à la réalisation de courbes de calibrage sur 3 à 4 ordres de grandeur pour tous les éléments analysés. Le développement d’une démarche rigoureuse basée sur un traitement du signal et un modèle thermodynamique a permis la quantification du contenu ionique (éléments majeurs et traces) des inclusions fluides. Le développement d’un logiciel de traitement des données est venu finaliser cet objectif. Enfin, l’étude de différentes cibles naturelles a été divisée en trois parties. Les halogénures Cl, Br et I sont des informations utiles dans l’étude de l’origine des fluides. Une approche originale basée sur la courbe de calibration de Br a permis d’analyser dans trois types de fluides différents les rapports Cl/Br. La seconde étude a porté sur l’analyse de l’argent et d’autres éléments des paragénèses contenus dans les fluides de différents gisements argentifères. La dernière partie est basée sur la faisabilité d’obtenir les concentrations des terres rares dans des inclusions fluides favorablesThe study of paleofluids by using fluid inclusions analysis is an important challenge in geochemistry. The LA-ICPMS technique allows enlarging the field of possibilities by determining the cationic content in fluid inclusions. Three aims, with LA-ICPMS as the thesis centre, are developed here: (i) the calibration of LA-ICPMS associated with a work on chimiometry give the possibility of this analytical technique and experimental protocol adapted; (ii) The development of a calculation method based on Pitzer’s themodynamic model. The quantification of cationic content (trace and major elements) is improved. In parallel, a software is developed to facilitate the processing of raw signal, (iii) the study of different targets is made. The Cl/Br concentration ratios are used to get information of the fluids origin. Then, a analysis on four different natural targets linked with silver deposits is realized. The last point is the feasabilty of the determination of rare earth element in fluid inclusion of Mac Arthur River (Uranium deposit, Canada

Determination of Cl and Br concentrations in individual fluid inclusions by combining microthermometry and LA-ICPMS analysis: Implications for the origin of salinity in crustal fluids

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Mineralogy and ore fluid chemistry of the Roc Blanc Ag deposit, Jebilet Hercynian massif, Morocco

International audienceThe Roc Blanc Ag deposit is located about 20 km north of Marrakesh city (Morocco) in the Jebilet Hercynianmassif. The ore bodies consist of N-S to NE-SW quartz (±carbonates) veins hosted by the Sarhlefmarine sediments. These series, deposited in a Devonian-Carboniferous rift basin context, weredeformed during the Hercynian orogeny, and submitted to low-grade regional metamorphism.Two major stages of fluid circulation and metal deposition are distinguished on the basis of mineralogicaland paleo-fluid studies carried out on quartz and dolomite (microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy,LA-ICP-MS on individual inclusions, and O, H stable isotope data): (i) an early Fe-As stage,characterized by the circulation of metamorphic aqueous-carbonic fluids, under P-T conditions lowerthan 200 MPa ± 20 MPa and 400 C respectively, along N-S structures; (ii) the ore stage, characterized bythe circulation of a Na-Mg-K ± Ca high salinity brine, poor in gas but rich in metals such as Fe, Sr, Ba, Zn,Pb, ± Cu (salinity ranging from 19.6 wt% to likely more than 30 wt% NaCl equiv.) and the deposition of asphalerite/dolomite-calcite assemblage; such a fluid likely evolved to a Na-K-(Ca-Mg)-Ag brine, withsignificant Pb and Sb concentrations and lower Sr, Ba and Zn concentrations than in the preceding fluid(salinity up to 19.4 wt% NaCl equiv.). The Ag content of the second mineralizing brine ranges from0.9 mmol/kg to 9.4 mmol/kg solution (100 ppme1000 ppm), whereas the base metal brine is generallyAg poor (up to 1.3 mmol/kg solution: 140 ppm). Dilution of the Ag brine by low salinity fluids (<6 wt%NaCl equiv., and Th from 130 to 230 C) seems to be the main driving mechanism for the Ag oredeposition at Roc Blanc, with a possible involvement of cooling and reduction reactions in black schists.Base metal and Ag fluids may have circulated at average temperatures around 200 ± 30 C or slightlyhigher and under hydrostatic pressures, along dominant E-W structures. The ore forming model proposedfor the Roc Blanc deposit is: (i) the penetration of sedimentary brines coming from the adjacentbasins into the basement (i.e. Hercynian formations), where they extracted Ag probably from abundantmafic rocks; ii) the ore deposition in structural traps below the post Hercynian unconformity thanks tobrine mixing with low salinity fluids. The fluid circulation probably is related to the Atlasic rifting coevalwith the Atlantic Triassic opening. Such a model contrasts with the previous one relating the Roc Blanc tothe Hercynian granitic intrusions in the Jebilet. Ag deposition occurred during reworking of the earlystructures associated with the Hercynian orogenic events and metamorphic fluid circulation which led tothe early Fe-As uneconomic stages forming the main N-S quartz veins. Similarities between The RocBlanc Ag deposit and the major Ag deposits from Anti-Atlas south of Morocco strongly suggest that theyresulted from a unique and large fluid circulation event and a major period of metal deposition

Sedimentary provenance of the Late Paleozoic metamorphic basement, south-central Chile: Implications for the evolution of the western margin of Gondwana

U-Pb detrital zircon age patterns are presented for nine samples of metapelites from the metamorphic basement of south-central Chile between 37° and 40°S, along with detrital zircon ages for a sample from the Piedra Santa metamorphic complex and a crystallization age of the Chachil plutonic complex, farther east in Argentina. Two distinct zircon age patterns are identified. One is a pattern with a dominant population of zircons at ca. 470 Ma (Ordovician), a widespread presence of Mesoproterozoic ages (1200 − 1000 Ma), and a Carboniferous maximum deposition age indicated by the youngest zircon population. The second pattern is drastically different, with a main population of Permian zircons, a 290–250 Ma maximum deposition age, and a minor contribution of Pennsylvanian age zircons. Our results, coupled with previously reported metamorphic ages, show that the patterns reflect the presence of different tectonic blocks separated by the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone at 39°S. Metapelites north of this structure have the Ordovician-dominated pattern characteristic of the Western Series of the Paleozoic basement, and those south of the fault show the Permian-dominated pattern observed in the younger high-pressure metapelites from the Bahía Mansa metamorphic complex. The Piedra Santa metamorphic complex also shows the Ordovician-dominated pattern and was intruded by the Chachil plutonic complex dated here at ca. 303 Ma. Therefore, the Piedra Santa complex is interpreted as coeval with the Chilean metamorphic basement. The present dislocation of blocks with different ages is attributed to continental-scale dextral strike-slip tectonics along the Huincul Fault Zone, Argentina, which extends to the west as the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone in Chile

Basinal Brines at the Origin of the Imiter Ag-Hg Deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco): Evidence from LA-ICP-MS Data on Fluid Inclusions, Halogen Signatures, and Stable Isotopes (H, C, O)—A Reply

International audienceWe thank Levresse et al. (2017) for their comments on our work and for giving us the opportunity to clarify several points made in our article, “Basinal brines at the origin of the Imiter Ag-Hg deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco): Evidence from LA-ICP-MS data on fluid inclusions, halogen signatures, and stable isotopes (H, C, O).” The Imiter deposit has been studied for a long time, and the present discussion shows that controversywill continue, at least until indisputable direct dating of ore deposition is achieved.The main issues developed by Levresse et al. (2017) concern the validity of mineral and fluid succession, the significance of ages, the metallogenic models, the multistage feature of the ore formation, the nature of fluids, and their ability to transport Ag. These points are successively expanded in thefollowing paragraphs with the help of some diagrams

Geochemical and micro-textural fingerprints of boiling in pyrite

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd The chemical composition, textures and mineral associations of pyrite provide key information that help elucidate the evolution of hydrothermal systems. However, linking the compositional and micro-textural features of pyrite with a specific physico-chemical process, e.g., boiling versus non-boiling, remains elusive and challenging. In this study we examine pyrite geochemical and micro-textural features and relate these results to pyrite-forming processes at the active Cerro Pabellón Geothermal System (CPGS) in the Altiplano of the northern Chile. We integrate electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data with micro-textural observations of pyrite and associated gangue minerals recovered from a ∼500 m long drill core that crosscuts the argillic, sub-propylitic and propylitic alteration zones of the CPGS. Additionally, we carried out a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to inspect and un

Basinal Brines at the Origin of the Imiter Ag-Hg Deposit (Anti-Atlas, Morocco): Evidence from LA-ICP-MS Data on Fluid Inclusions, Halogen Signatures, and Stable Isotopes (H, C, O)

International audienc