Magnetic Resonance Image In The Diagnosis And Evaluation Of Extra-prostatic Extension And Involvement Of Seminal Vesicles Of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review Of Literature And Meta-analysis.

Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the results of magnetic resonance image 1.5T with endorectal coil in the diagnosis and evaluation of extra-prostatic extension and involvement of seminal vesicles of prostate cancer, compared to the histopathological results of the radical prostatectomy specimen. It was conducted a systematic review of literature and meta-analyses of all studies data published after 2008. In those studies, the patients with prostate cancer with indication to radical prostatectomy were submitted to magnetic resonance image (MRI) at pre-operatory period and the results were compared to those of histopathological studies after the surgery. The selected terms for research included prostate cancer, magnetic resonance, radical prostatectomy, and prostate cancer diagnosis, in the databases EMBASE, LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. The data were collected using a specific qualitative instrument and the meta-analysis data were presented in the forest plot graphics, homogeneity test and sROC curves and funnel plot. A total of seven studies were included, with a total of 603 patients. Among these studies, six evaluated the value of MRI for the detection of prostate cancer, and the median sensitivity of meta-analysis was 0.6 and specificity 0.58, but with heterogeneity among the studies. Three studies evaluated extra-prostatic extension with a median sensitivity of 0.49, specificity 0.82 and heterogeneity only for sensitivity. Three studies evaluated invasion of seminal vesicles, with median sensitivity of 0.45 and specificity 0.96, with heterogeneity in both analysis. Magnetic resonance of 1.5T with endocoil showed low values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. The reviewed studies showed a significant heterogeneity among them. The best observed result was MRI specificity for invasion of seminal vesicles. More studies are necessary to evaluate new techniques and parameters before recommending the routine use of MRI in clinical practice.39215516

Hadron yields and spectra in Au+Au collisions at the AGS

Inclusive double differential multiplicities and rapidity density distributions of hadrons are presented for 10.8 A GeV/c Au+Au collisions as measured at the AGS by the E877 collaboration. The results indicate that large amounts of stopping and collective transverse flow effects are present. The data are also compared to the results from the lighter Si+Al system.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 10 figures, submitted to Nuclear Physics A (Quark Matter 1996 Proceedings

Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the $B$-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b}, and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K. Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D. Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A. Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair

Intravesical Calculus Secondary To Ethanol Gel Injection Into The Prostate

A 78-year-old man with coagulopathy and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent transurethral prostate ethanol gel injection. Six months after the injection, the patient presented with irritative symptoms and hematuria. Ultrasonography revealed a 5-cm intravesical calculus. Cystolitholapaxy was unsuccessful, and the patient underwent cystolithotomy with retrieval of a large, soft, round, brownish mass. Histologic examination of the mass demonstrated prostatic hyperplastic glandular stroma with extensive coagulate necrosis and peripheral calcification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a calculus formed by prostatic tissue slosh after ethanol injection. © 2005 Elsevier Inc.6551002.e241002.e25Ditrolio, J., Patel, P., Watson, R.A., Chemo-ablation of the prostate with dehydrated alcohol for the treatment of prostatic obstruction (2002) J Urol, 167, pp. 2100-2104Zvara, P., Karpman, E., Stoppacher, R., Ablation of canine prostate using transurethral intraprostatic absolute ethanol injection (1999) Urology, 54, pp. 411-415Goya, N., Ishikawa, N., Ito, F., Ethanol injection therapy of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Preliminary report on application of a new technique (1999) J Urol, 162, pp. 383-386Littrup, P.J., Lee, F., Borlaza, G.S., Percutaneous ablation of the canine prostate using transrectal ultrasound guidance absolute ethanol and Nd:YAG laser (1988) Invest Radiol, 23, pp. 734-739Chiang, P.H., Chuang, Y.C., Huang, C.C., Pilot study of transperineal injection of dehydrated ethanol in the treatment of prostatic obstruction (2003) Urology, 61, pp. 797-80

Prostate Cancer: Evidence Based Clinical Practice [cáncer De Próstata: Práctica Clínica Basada En La Evidencia]

Objectives: Evidence-based medicine allows the best available external clinical evidence from systematic literature research to be graded In order to determine the strength of Its recommendation. This guideline alms to assist physicians and health professionals In clinical decisions related to prostate cancer treatment, particularly In urology, clinical oncology and radiotherapy. Methods: The publications used as Information sources were obtained from structured data search In electronic databases, such as CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials) and MEDLINE (online). Each Item of this guideline derived from an original question which was distributed to the participants. Search strategies were prepared to select the studies presenting the best methodological quality, according to predefined levels of evidence. Results: All the recommendations were followed by a level of evidence (LE) and a degree of recommendation (DR). We used a formal ranking system to help the reader to judge the strength of the evidence behind the results published In support of each recommendation. Conclusions: The existing parameters should be viewed as guidelines of conduct. The final trial on which the clinical procedure or treatment plan Is most suitable for a particular patient should be done by a physician, who should discuss the available treatment options with the patient according to the diagnosis.334344350Sackett, D.L., Rosenbe, D.R., Gray, J.A., Haynes, R.B., Richardson, W.S., Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn't (1996) BMJ, 312 (7023), pp. 71-72Petrisor, B.A., Keating, J., Schemitsch, E., Grading the evidence: Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation (2006) Injury, 37 (4), pp. 321-327(2001) Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence, , www.cemb.net/index.aspx?o=1025, In: Centre for Evidence-Based MedicineD'Amico, A.V., Whittington, R., Malkowicz, S.B., Schultz, D., Blank, K., Broderick, G.A., Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer (1998) JAMA, 280 (11), pp. 969-974. , Sep 16Ilic, D., O'Connor, D., Green, S., Wilt, T., Screening for prostate cancer (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev., (3), pp. CD004720Issa, M.M., Zasada, W., Ward, K., Hall, J.A., Petros, J.A., Ritenour, C.W., The value of digital rectal examination as a predictor of prostate cancer diagnosis among United States Veterans referred for prostate biopsy (2006) Cancer detection and prevention, 30 (3), pp. 269-275Ashley, T., Using predictive value, sensitivity and specificity to interpret laboratory tests: PSA for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (2005) Journal of insurance medicine, 37 (4), pp. 261-263. , New York, NYMaattanen, L., Hakama, M., Tammela, T.L., Ruutu, M., Ala-Opas M, Juusela, H., Specificity of serum prostate-specific antigen determination in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial (2007) British Journal of Cancer, 96 (1), pp. 56-60. , Jan 15Concato, J., Wells, C.K., Prostate-specific antigen Velocity' as a diagnostic test for prostate cancer (2006) J Investig Med., 54 (7), pp. 361-364. , NovGregorio, E.P., Grando, J.P., Saqueti, E.E., Almeida, S.H., Moreira, H.A., Rodrigues, M.A., Comparison between PSA density, free PSA percentage and PSA density in the transition zone in the detection of prostate cancer in patients with serum PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL (2007) Int Braz J Urol., 33 (2), pp. 151-160. , Mar- AprRoddam, A.W., Duffy, M.J., Hamdy, F.C., Ward, A.M., Patnick, J., Price, C.P., Use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms for the detection of prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of 2-10 ng/ml: Systematic review and metaanalysis (2005) Eur Urol., 48 (3). , Sep;discussion 98-99Sabbagh, R., McCormack, M., Peloquin, F., Faucher, R., Perreault, J.P., Perrotte, P., A prospective randomized trial of 1-day versus 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (2004) The Canadian Journal of Urology., 11 (2), pp. 2216-2219. , AprHeijmink, S.W., Van Moerkerk, H., Kiemeney, L.A., Witjes, J.A., Barentsz J.O. Frauscher F, A comparison of the diagnostic performance of systematic versus ultrasound-guided biopsies of prostate cancer (2006) European Radiology, 16 (4), pp. 927-938. , AprCevik, I., Dillioglugil, O., Zisman, A., Akdas, A., Combined periprostatic and periapical local anesthesia is not superior to periprostatic anesthesia alone in reducing pain during Tru-Cut prostate biopsy (2006) Urology., 68 (6), pp. 1215-1219. , DecZackrisson, B., Aus, G., BeDRdahl, S., Lilja, H., Lodding, P., Pihl, C.G., The risk of finding focal cancer (less than 3 mm) remains high on re-biopsy of patients with persistently increased prostate specific antigen but the clinical significance is questionable (2004) J Urol., 171 (4), pp. 1500-1503. , AprMancuso, P.A., Chabert, C., Chin, P., Kovac, P., Skyring, T., Watt, W.H., Prostate cancer detection in men with an initial diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation (2007) BJU Int., 99 (1), pp. 49-52. , JanRabets, J.C., Jones, J.S., Patel, A., Zippe, C.D., Prostate cancer detection with office based saturation biopsy in a repeat biopsy population (2004) J Urol., 172 (1), pp. 94-97. , JulRemzi, M., Dobrovits, M., Reissigl, A., Ravery, V., Waldert, M., Wiunig, C., Can Power Doppler enhanced transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy improve prostate cancer detection on first and repeat prostate biopsy? (2004) Eur Urol, 46 (4), pp. 451-456. , OctKaraman, C.Z., Unsal, A., Akdilli, A., Taskin, F., Erol, H., The value of contrast enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography in differentiating hypoehoic lesions in the peripheral zone of prostate (2005) European journal of radiology, 54 (1), pp. 148-155. , AprPrando, A., Kurhanewicz, J., BoDRes, A.P., Oliveira Jr., E.M., Figueiredo, E., Prostatic biopsy directed with endorectal MR spectroscopic imaging findings in patients with elevated prostate specific antigen levels and prior negative biopsy findings: Early experience (2005) Radiology., 236 (3), pp. 903-910. , SepLorente, J.A., Valenzuela, H., Moróte, J., Gelabert, A., Serum bone alkaline phosphatase levels enhance the clinical utility of prostate specific antigen in the staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (1999) Eur J Nucl Med., 26 (6), pp. 625-632. , JunKosuda, S., Yoshimura, I., Aizawa, T., Koizumi, K., Akakura, K., Kuyama, J., Can initial prostate specific antigen determinations eliminate the need for bone scans in patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma? A multi- center retrospective study in Japan Cancer. 2002, 94 (4), pp. 964-972. , Feb 15Wymenga, L.F., Boomsma, J.H., Groenier, K., Piers, D.A., Mensink, H.J., Routine bone scans in patients with prostate cancer related to serum prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase (2001) BJU Int., 88 (3), pp. 226-230. , AugCoakley, F.V., Qayyum, A., Kurhanewicz, J., Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer (2003) J Urol., 170 PARTT. 2 (6), pp. S69-S75. , Decdiscussion S-6Tempany, C.M., Zhou, X., Zerhouni, E.A., Rifkin, M.D., Quint, L.E., Piccoli, C.W., Staging of prostate cancer: Results of Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group project comparison of three MR imaging techniques (1994) Radiology., 192 (1), pp. 47-54. , JulHarisinghani, M.G., Barentsz, J., Hahn, P.F., Deserno, W.M., Tabatabaei, S., Van de Kaa, C.H., Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer (2003) N Engl J Med., 348 (25), pp. 2491-2499. , Jun 19Liu, I.J., Zafar, M.B., Lai, Y.H., Segall, G.M., Terris, M.K., Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography studies in diagnosis and staging of clinically odran- confined prostate cancer (2001) Urology., 57 (1), pp. 108-111. , JanKlotz, L., Active surveillance with selective delayed intervention for favorable risk prostate cancer (2006) Urol Oncol., 24 (1), pp. 46-50. , Jan-FebD'Amico, A.V., Chen, M.H., Roehl, K.A., Catalona, W.J., Preoperative PSA velocity and the risk of death from prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (2004) N Engl J Med., 351 (2), pp. 125-135. , Jul 8Choo, R., DeBoer, G., Klotz, L., Danjoux, C., Morton, G.C., Rakovitch, E., PSA doubling time of prostate carcinoma managed with watchful observation alone (2001) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys., 50 (3), pp. 615-620. , Jul lAltwein, J.E., Enhancing the efficacy of radical prostatectomy in locally advanced prostate cancer (1998) Urol Int., SUPPL. 2, pp. 2-10. , 60 discussion 35Hill, J.R., Fine, S.W., Zhang, J., Eastham, J.A., Radical prostatectomy for clinical T3 disease: Expanding indications while optimizing cancer control and quality of life (2007) Nat Clin Pract Urol., 4 (8), pp. 451-454Salonia, A., Suardi, N., Crescenti, A., Zanni, G., Fantini, G.V., Gallina, A., Pfannenstiel versus vertical laparotomy in patients undeDRoing radical retropubic prostatectomy with spinal anesthesia: Results of a prospective, randomized trial (2005) Eur Urol., 47 (2), pp. 202-208. , FebMalmstrom, P.U., Lymph node staging in prostatic carcinoma revisited (2005) Acta Oncológica, 44 (6), pp. 593-598. , Stockholm, SwedenZietman, A.L., DeSilvio, M.L., Slater, J.D., Rossi Jr., C.J., Miller, D.W., Adams, J.A., Comparison of conventional-dose vs high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: A randomized controlled trial (2005) Jama., 294 (10), pp. 1233-1239. , Sep 14Grills, I.S., Martinez, A.A., Hollander, M., Huang, R., Goldman, K., Chen, P.Y., High dose rate brachytherapy as prostate cancer monotherapy reduces toxicity compared to low dose rate palladium seeds (2004) J Urol., 171 (3), pp. 1098-1104. , MarGalalae, R.M., Nuernbe, D.R.N., Long-term outcome by risk factors using conformal high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost with or without neoadjuvant androgen suppression for localized prostate cancer (2004) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys., 58 (4), pp. 1048-1055. , Mar 15Bolla, M., Van Poppel, H., Collette, L., Van Cangh, P., Vekemans, K., Da Pozzo, L., Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: A randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911) (2005) Lancet., 366 (9485), pp. 572-578. , Aug 13-19Kumar, S., Shelley, M., Harrison, C., Coles, B., Wilt, T.J., Mason, M.D., Neo-adjuvant and adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev., (4), pp. CD006019Denham, J.W., Steigler, A., Lamb, D.S., Joseph, D., Mameghan, H., Turner, S., Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: Results from the trans-tasman radiation oncology group 96.01 randomised controlled trial (2005) Lancet Oncol., 6 (11), pp. 841-850. , NovBolla, M., Van Tienhoven, G., De Reijke, T.M., Van den BeDRh, A.C., Van der Meijden, A.P., Poortmans, P.M., Concomitant and adjuvant androgen deprivation (ADT) with external beam irradiation (RT) for locally advanced prostate cancer: 6 months versus 3 years ADT-Results of the randomized EORTC Phase III trial 22961 (2007) 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting, , editors. Chicago - USACookson, M.S., Aus, G., Burnett, A.L., Canby-Hagino, E.D., D'Amico, A.V., Dmochowski, R.R., Variation in the definition of biochemical recurrence in patients treated for localized prostate cancer: The american urological association prostate guidelines for localized prostate cancer update Panel report and recommendations for a standard in the reporting of suDRical outcomes (2007) J Urol., 177 (2), pp. 540-545. , FebSandler, H.M., EisenbeDRer, M.A., Assessing and treating patients with increasing prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy (2007) J Urol., 178 PART 2 (3), pp. S20-24. , SepMaximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: An overview of the randomised trials (2000) Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, Lancet., 355 (9214), pp. 1491-1498. , Apr 29Seidenfeld, J., Samson, D.J., Hasselblad, V., Aronson, N., Albertsen, P.C., Bennett, C.L., Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2000) Annals of Internal Medicine, 132 (7), pp. 566-577. , Apr 4Randomised prospective study of intermittent versus continuous androgen suppression in advanced prostate cancer (2007) 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting, , Miller K, Steiner U, Lingnau A, Keilholz U, Witzsch U, Haider A, et al., editors. 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Testicular Components Volume Density Alteration Associated To Cis-platinum: Can Antioxidants Offer Protection? [alteración De La Densidad Del Volumen De Los Componentes Testiculares Asociada Con El Cisplatino: ¿pueden Los Antioxidantes Ofrecer Protección?]

Objectives: Cis-platinum based chemotherapy agents are widely used in treatment of testicular cancer and its deleterious effects on spermatogenesis are well known. Therefore an extensive survey was undertaken to evaluate the effects of antioxidants in combination with Cis-platinum in an attempt to minimize its effects upon spermatogenic function of adult rats. Methods: A short-term prospective study (thirteen days) including twenty-four adult male Wistar rats was performed. Animals were assigned into one of three groups (eight per group): GI-control, GII-Cis-platinum treated and GIII-Cis-platinum plus superoxide dismutase and catalase. Histological analyses included germ cell counts, germ to Sertoli cell ratios and estimation of volume density components as well as the determination of the sperm reserves. Data was examined through one-way analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. Results: Germ cell numbers, germ cell to Sertoli cell ratios, organ weights (except body weight) and sperm reserves presented no differences among groups. However, the volumetric proportion of some components (tubular epithelium, tunica propria, Leydig cell nuclei and stroma) were affected (p<0.05) by treatment. The most prominent testicular component, the seminiferous epithelium was reduced (p<0.05) in Cis-platinum treated animals (GII). Conclusion: The use of antioxidant in association with Cis-platinum did not affect sperm production (germ cell numbers, germ to Sertoli cell ratios and sperm reserves) of adult rats. However, the deleterious effect of Cis-platinum on the seminiferous tubule epithelium was minimized by antioxidants. © 2009 AEU. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.343282287Roberts, J.J., Cisplatin (1982) Cancer Chemotherapy, pp. 95-117. , (Pinedo HM, Ed.) Excerpta medica, AmsterdamVawda, A.I., Davies, A.G., Effects of cisplatin on the mouse testis (1986) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 112, pp. 436-441Huang, H.F.S., Pogach, L.M., Nathan, E., Giglio, W., Acute and chronic effects of cisplatinum upon testicular function in the rat (1990) J Androl, 11, pp. 436-445Weijl, N.I., Hopman, G.D., Wipkink-Bakker, A., Lentjes, E.G., Berger, H.M., Cleton, F.J., Cisplatin combination chemotherapy induces a fall in plasma AO of cancer patients (1998) Ann Oncol, 9, pp. 1331-1337Strumberg, D., Brugge, S., Korn, M.W., Koeppen, S., Ranft, J., Scheiber, G., Evaluation of long-term toxicity in patients after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for non-seminomatous testicular cancer (2002) Ann Oncol, 13, pp. 229-236Bieber, A.M., Marcon, L., Hales, B.F., Robaire, B., Effects of chemotherapeutic agents for testicular cancer on the male rat reproductive system, spermatozoa, and fertility (2006) J Androl, 27, pp. 189-200Prillaman, H.M., Turner, T.T., Rescue of testicular function after acute experimental torsion (1997) J Urol, 157, pp. 340-345Pogach, L.M., Lee, Y., Gould, S., Giglio, W., Meyenhoffer, M., Huang, H.F.S., Characterization of cis-platinum induced Sertoli cell disfunction in rodents (1989) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 98, pp. 350-361Kinkead, T., Flores, C., Carboni, A.A., Menon, M., Seethalakshmi, L., Short term effects of cis-platinum on male reproduction, fertility and pregnancy outcome (1992) J Urol, 147, pp. 201-206Atessahin, A., Karahan, I., Trk, G., Gr, S., Yilmaz, S., Eribasi, A.O., Protective role of lycopene on cisplatin-induced changes in sperm characteristics, testicular damage and oxidative stress in rats (2006) Reprod Toxicol, 21, pp. 42-4