Black Twin Colors on Topographics Maps in Digital Print

Spot dyes join the double feature of the INFRAREDESIGN® theory. A large number of planned colors in graphics of topographic maps, are simulated in the press with only four process colorants. Achieved are seperated infromation for the visible and infrared spectrum. This introduces the protection of printed matter, protection of property, reduces the cost of spot printing of large numbers of layers. For the digital print technology simulation of the merge of "topographical colors" is extended to achieve Infrared graphics. The black color tone, a typical color in cartography, is associated with two dyes with different compositions and different properties in the infrared spectrum. Black twins are programmed for the digital printing form for the printing with CMYK process components, and according to the IRD® procedure

Security spot monochromatic twin dyes of infrared cartography

The paper defines new color tones of dye pairs with identical L*a*b* (lightness color- opponent dimensions / brightness, chromaticity coordinates) values, but different responses in the infrared spectrum. Simulated through CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, key), spot dye tones are mixed by hand and defined for printing of large editions. The results visible with the ZRGB camera are prints of monochrome dyes with more or less Z (infrared) response. The absorption of infrared light in the Z dye twin pairs is reflected in the monochromatic light and darker color gray tones. Determined are desired levels of the visibility of the Z security infrared twin pair, shown in a range of grey tones. Set are new recipes for development of multilayered offset twin dyes for design beyond the visible spectrum. The research in an extension of the infrared security print method

SKRIVENA INFORMACIJA U SLIKARSTVU KOJA SE MANIFESTIRA U BLISKOM INFRACRVENOM SPEKTRU

For each pigment and dye, we associate information about their absorption of light in the near infrared spectrum (NIR) at 1000 nm. Generally, pigments red, yellow, cyan blue, orange, white and “drap” (sandy brown) do not absorb NIR light. The NIR camera does not distinguish, recognize or “see” them, so the NIR photo is white. Such colors are marked with the letter "V" (visual, VIS). The area of green pigments (in our language, “zeleno” = green) is very different considering the absorption properties of NIR radiation. Some green pigments strongly absorb NIR radiation, while some green pigments absorb very little. That is why we have introduced the acronym Z as numerical information on the absorption of NIR light for all colorants, with a range from zero to ten. Painters are trained to mix colors with respect to their Z values. Dual images are produced. The NIR camera separates the drawing, the image, depending on the amount of Z color. The painter succeeds in arranging the colors so discreetly that two images are taken in the same place, one of which is seen by the naked eye, while the other requires an NIR camera to be seen. The idea of a VIS / NIR painting is accepted with the realization that there are many video surveillance (NIR) cameras around us: on the streets, in restaurants, in banks, in public entrances and entrances to private houses in general. The NIR design is used on documents, diplomas and banknotes as a general security method in graphic technology.Svakom pigmentu i bojilu dodjeljujemo informaciju o njihovoj apsorpciji svijetlosti u bliskom infracrvenom spektru (NIR) na 1000 nm. Općenito, crveni pigment, žuti, cijan plavi, naranđasti, bijeli i drap (svjetlo smeđi) ne apsorbiraju NIR svjetlost. NIR kamera ih ne razlikuje, ne prepoznaje ili "ne vidi", pa je za njih NIR fotografija bijela. Te boje su označene sa slovom V (vidljive, VIS). Prostor zelenih pigmenata (na našem jeziku, "zeleno" = Z) je veoma različit što se tiče apsorpcije NIR radijacije. Neki zeleni pigmenti jako apsorbiraju NIR radijaciju, dok neki zeleni pigmenti apsorbiraju vrlo malo. To je razlog zašto smo uveli akronim Z kao numerička informacija za apsorpciju NIR svjetlosti za sva bojila; u rasponu od nule do deset. Slikare smo uvježbali da miješaju bojila s respektom prema njihovoj Z vrijednosti: Proizvode se dvostruke slike. NIR kamera razdvaja crteže, slike, ovisno o količini Z boja. Slikar uspijeva uređivati boje tako diskretno da su dvije slike na istom mjestu; jedna koja je vidljiva golim okom, dok je za drugu potrebna NIR kamera da bi ju vidjeli. Ideja o VIS / NIR slikarstvu je prihvaćena i realizirana budući da u našoj okolici postoje mnoge nadzorne (NIR) kamere: na ulici, u restoranima, u bankama, na društvenim ulazima te općenito na ulazima u privatne kuće. NIR dizajn se koristi na dokumentima, diplomama i novčanicama kao opća sigurnosna metoda u grafičkoj tehnologiji

HIDDEN INFORMATION ON TEXTILE DESIGN FOR THE VISUAL AND INFRARED SPECTRUM

Razvoj digitalne tehnologije otvara prostor za inovativne metode tiska na tekstil. U radu se prezentira InfraRed dizajn kartografskih motiva – fotografija i planova gradova sa sakrivenim vizualnim informacijama. Prezentirana je infracrvena informacija, skrivena od golog oka otisnuta na svili s inkjet pisačem. Na odjevnim predmetima otisnute su kartografske grafike i fotografije unutar kojih su smještene dvostruke slike čiju povezanost određuje dizajner. Tipografska infracrvena poruka pridružuje se vizualnom sadržaju grafika bez narušavanja grafike u vizualnom spektru. Uporabom NIR (blisko infracrvene) kamere na tekstilu izvedenim digitalnim tiskom, otkrivaju se poruke sakrivene od ljudskog oka. Dizajnom u vizualnom i infracrvenom spektru omogućili smo vizualno otkrivanje i sakrivanje informacija na tekstilu. Prošireni prostor oblikovanja u INFRAREDESIGN® postupku otvara nov prostor za oblikovanje opipljivih predmeta u digitalnoj sredini.The development of digital technology opens a door for innovative methods of printing on textiles. The paper presents InfraRed design of cartographic motives - photographs and plans of cities with hidden visual information. Infrared information is presented, hidden from the naked eye, printed on silk with an inkjet printer. Cartographic graphics and photos are printed on clothes, with a double visual message whose connection is defined by the designer. The typographic infrared message joins the visual content of the graphics without compromising the graphics in the visual spectrum. With the use of NIR (near infrared) cameras on textiles produced in digital print, messages hidden from the human eye are revealed. With design in the visual and infrared spectrum we enable detection and concealment of information on textiles. The expanded design area in the INFRAREDESIGN® procedure opens a new area for the design of tangible objects ub the digital environment

Zdravstvena njega i rehabilitacija bolesnika nakon cerebrovaskularnog inzulta

Poznato je da je u porastu pojavnost cerebrovaskularnih inzulta. U većini razvijenih zemalja cerebrovaskularni inzult je treći uzrok smrti među odraslom populacijom, odmah nakon srčanih i malignih oboljenja. Cerebrovaskularni inzult označava naglo nastali neurološki poremećaj uzro­ kovan poremećajem moždane cirkulacije. Ateroskleroza je najčešći uzrok oštećenja krvnih žila u mozgu koja dovodi do cerebrovaskularnog inzulta. Simptomi cerebrovaskularnog inzulta su: trnjenje usana, jezika ili jedne polovine lica i tijela; smetnje s vidom; smetnje govora; motorički deficit; izne­ nadna jaka glavobolja; pojava vrtoglavice; zbunjeno i smeteno stanje. Prema patofiziološkom uzroku cerebrovaskularni inzult se dijeli u dvije velike skupine, ishemije i hemoragije, a s obzirom na stadij bolesti dvije su skupine cerebrovaskularnog inzulta, inzult u razvoju i dovršeni inzult. Intenzivna terapija cerebrovaskularnog inzulta sastoji se od općih terapijskih postupaka i specifične terapije. Prevencija ima sve veće težište u suvre­ menom svijetu, a dijelimo je na primarnu i sekundarnu. Najčešći poremećaji koji se javljaju kod bolesnika nakon cerebrovaskularnog inzulta su: hemipareza ili hemiplegija, poremećaji u ponašanju, poreme­ ćaji govora, poremećaji vida, poremećaji seksualnih funkcija i poremećaji mikcije i defekacije. Provođenje zdravstvene njege kod bolesnika s cerebrovaskularnim inzultom dijeli se na: intezivnu njegu bolesnika, održavanje tjelesnih funkcija i sprječavanje komplikacija, psihološke potrebe, rehabilitaciju unutar bolnice i planiranje otpusta

Zdravstvena njega i rehabilitacija bolesnika nakon cerebrovaskularnog inzulta

Poznato je da je u porastu pojavnost cerebrovaskularnih inzulta. U većini razvijenih zemalja cerebrovaskularni inzult je treći uzrok smrti među odraslom populacijom, odmah nakon srčanih i malignih oboljenja. Cerebrovaskularni inzult označava naglo nastali neurološki poremećaj uzro­ kovan poremećajem moždane cirkulacije. Ateroskleroza je najčešći uzrok oštećenja krvnih žila u mozgu koja dovodi do cerebrovaskularnog inzulta. Simptomi cerebrovaskularnog inzulta su: trnjenje usana, jezika ili jedne polovine lica i tijela; smetnje s vidom; smetnje govora; motorički deficit; izne­ nadna jaka glavobolja; pojava vrtoglavice; zbunjeno i smeteno stanje. Prema patofiziološkom uzroku cerebrovaskularni inzult se dijeli u dvije velike skupine, ishemije i hemoragije, a s obzirom na stadij bolesti dvije su skupine cerebrovaskularnog inzulta, inzult u razvoju i dovršeni inzult. Intenzivna terapija cerebrovaskularnog inzulta sastoji se od općih terapijskih postupaka i specifične terapije. Prevencija ima sve veće težište u suvre­ menom svijetu, a dijelimo je na primarnu i sekundarnu. Najčešći poremećaji koji se javljaju kod bolesnika nakon cerebrovaskularnog inzulta su: hemipareza ili hemiplegija, poremećaji u ponašanju, poreme­ ćaji govora, poremećaji vida, poremećaji seksualnih funkcija i poremećaji mikcije i defekacije. Provođenje zdravstvene njege kod bolesnika s cerebrovaskularnim inzultom dijeli se na: intezivnu njegu bolesnika, održavanje tjelesnih funkcija i sprječavanje komplikacija, psihološke potrebe, rehabilitaciju unutar bolnice i planiranje otpusta

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat