Untersuchungen zur römischen Gelagekultur : am Beispiel der Gartentriclinia und Wandmalereien mit Darstellungen von convivia in Pompeji

Nach Ausweis der Schriftquellen war das convivium ein wichtiger Aspekt der römischen Alltagskultur. Im Focus der Arbeit steht das convivium im Freien in Pompeji. Anhand der Gegenüberstellung des Baubefunds einschließlich der Ausstattung und Kleinfunde und der relevanten Wandmalereien vor Ort wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich die Aussagen der Schriftquellen und Wandmalereien mit dem gelebten Alltag decken und welche Schlußfolgerungen für das Gesamtverständnis der römischen Gelagekultur zu ziehen sind

A comparison of root canal preparation with hand instrumentation and the dynatrak system

Partly colored photographs included.Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Graduate Dentistry, 1982 (Endodontics)Bibliography: leaves 190-207.The purpose of this study is to investigate the thoroughness and efficacy of root canal preparation using a newly marketed engine powered system. Hand manipulation with serial reaming and filing and Gates Glidden drills will also be performed on extracted teeth to provide for a comparison of the two techniques

Psychische Beeinträchtigung und Emotionsregulation unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von MigränepatientInnen

Ziel dieser Querschnittuntersuchung war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Beeinträchtigungen und Emotionsregulation bei 117 Migränepatienten und 209 Personen ohne Migräne zu untersuchen. Dabei kamen folgende Erhebungsinstrumente zur Anwendung: ein soziodemographischer und krankheitsbezogener Fragebogen, das Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), das Emotionsregulations-Inventar (ERI), das Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI) und die Symptom-Checkliste (SCL-90-R). Zur Vorhersage des Ausmaßes an Depressivität, Ängstlichkeit und der globalen psychischen Belastung bei Migränepatienten hatte die Emotionsregulationsskala Ablenkung von positiven Gefühlen (ERI) den wichtigsten Einfluss. Auch konnten migränespezifische Variablen mit signifikantem Einfluss identifiziert werden: bei Depressivität die Anzahl der Tage, die seit der letzen Migräneattacke vergangen waren, und bei der globalen psychischen Belastung zusätzlich die Anzahl der Jahre seit Beginn der Migräne. Die von Gross und John (2003) identifizierten Zusammenhänge zwischen Emotionsregulation und psychischer Beeinträchtigung durch Depression konnten in vorliegender Studie mittels Korrelationen zwischen Depressivität (BDI) und den Skalen des ERQ (Umbewertung und Unterdrückung) bzw. und der ERI-Skala kontrollierter Ausdruck negativer Gefühle gezeigt werden, jedoch nur für die Nicht-Migränegruppe. Depressive Personen wiesen höhere Werte in der Unterdrückung sowie geringere Werte im kontrollierten Ausdruck negativer Gefühle und der Umbewertung auf. Ebenso konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang bei der Nicht-Migränestichprobe zwischen Ängstlichkeit und den Emotionsregulationsskalen Unterdrückung (ERQ) sowie Ablenkung und emphatische Unterdrückung bei positiven Emotionen (ERI) gezeigt werden, wobei hier jeweils hohe Werte in den Skalen mit einer hohen Ängstlichkeit einhergingen. Einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Vorhersage der globalen psychischen Belastung hatten bei der Nicht-Migräne- und bei der Migränestichprobe die ERQ-Skalen (Umbewertung und Unterdrückung), die ERI-Skalen PE unkontrollierter Ausdruck und Ablenkung von positiven Gefühlen. Zusammenfassend konnte ein relevanter Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation und psychischer Beeinträchtigung bei der Nicht-Migränestichprobe aufgezeigt werden.This cross-section study aimed to investigate the association between psychological burden and the regulation of emotions in 117 patients suffering from migraine and for 209 participants without migraine. The measures implemented in this study were a socio-demographic and disease-specific questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), the Emotion Regulation Inventory (ERI), the Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI) and the Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90-R). For migraine sufferers the most useful predictor for depressiveness, anxiety and global psychological burden was the emotion regulation scale distraction from positive emotions (ERI). Migraine-specific variables could also be identified as having considerable influence: Concerning depressiveness it was the number of days since the last migraine attack and for global psychological burden it additionally was the number of years since the first onset of migraine. The hypothesized relation of emotion regulation and depression (Gross & John, 2003) was also identified in the present study, but only for the non-migraine participants. Depressiveness (BDI) significantly negatively correlated with the reappraisal scale (ERQ) and the controlled expression of negative emotions (ERI) and positively correlated with the suppression scale (ERQ). However, significant correlations between anxiety and the regulation of emotions were only found for the non-migraine group. Participants with a high level of anxiety (SCL-90-R) achieved a higher suppression score (ERQ) and higher scores of controlled expression and emphatic suppression of positive emotions (ERI). Moreover, the ERQ scales reappraisal and suppression as well as the ERI scales uncontrolled expression of positive emotions and the scale distraction from positive emotions proved to be significant predictors for the global psychological burden (SCL-90-R, extreme groups: high and very high vs. no global psychological burden, for migraine sufferers and non-migraine participants). The present study shows relevant associations between emotion regulation and psychological burden for participants without migraine

Venting of a separate CO2-rich gas phase from submarine arc volcanoes: Examples from the Mariana and Tonga-Kermadec arcs

Submersible dives on 22 active submarine volcanoes on the Mariana and Tonga-Kermadec arcs have discovered systems on six of these volcanoes that, in addition to discharging hot vent fluid, are also venting a separate CO2-rich phase either in the form of gas bubbles or liquid CO2 droplets. One of the most impressive is the Champagne vent site on NW Eifuku in the northern Mariana Arc, which is discharging cold droplets of liquid CO2 at an estimated rate of 23 mol CO2/s, about 0.1% of the global mid-ocean ridge (MOR) carbon flux. Three other Mariana Arc submarine volcanoes (NW Rota-1, Nikko, and Daikoku), and two volcanoes on the Tonga-Kermadec Arc (Giggenbach and Volcano-1) also have vent fields discharging CO2-rich gas bubbles. The vent fluids at these volcanoes have very high CO2 concentrations and elevated C/3He and δ 13C (CO2) ratios compared to MOR systems, indicating a contribution to the carbon flux from subducted marine carbonates and organic material. Analysis of the CO2 concentrations shows that most of the fluids are undersaturated with CO2. This deviation from equilibrium would not be expected for pressure release degassing of an ascending fluid saturated with CO2. Mechanisms to produce a separate CO2-rich gas phase at the seafloor require direct injection of magmatic CO2-rich gas. The ascending CO2-rich gas could then partially dissolve into seawater circulating within the volcano edifice without reaching equilibrium. Alternatively, an ascending high-temperature, CO2-rich aqueous fluid could boil to produce a CO2-rich gas phase and a CO2-depleted liquid. These findings indicate that carbon fluxes from submarine arcs may be higher than previously estimated, and that experiments to estimate carbon fluxes at submarine arc volcanoes are merited. Hydrothermal sites such as these with a separate gas phase are valuable natural laboratories for studying the effects of high CO2 concentrations on marine ecosystems

Ein Autor und seine Region: Personen, Orte, Netzwerke im Dialogus miraculorum und den Libri miraculorum des Caesarius von Heisterbach

Der Zisterzienser Caesarius von Heisterbach (ca. 1180–1240) ist vor allem als Autor des Dialogus miraculorum bekannt. Eine weitere Exempelsammlung aus seiner Feder, die sogenannten „Acht Wunderbücher“ (Libri VIII miraculorum), hat trotz zweier moderner Ausgaben dagegen viel weniger Beachtung gefunden. Beide Werke sind jedoch bemer-kenswerte Quellen für die politische und religiöse Geschichte des 13. Jahrhunderts. Gleichzeitig spiegeln sie den Lebens- und Wirkraum des Autors wider. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen und vergleichen wir systematisch Personen, Orte und Netzwerke, um so den narrativen Erzählraum des Caesarius zu rekonstruieren.The Cistercian Caesarius of Heisterbach (ca. 1180–1240) is widely known for his Dialogus miraculorum. A similar collection of exempla by Caesarius is considerably less wellknown: his Libri VIII miraculorum, the “Eight Miracle Books”. Both works are remarkable sources for 13th century religious and social history, and both mirror the region Caesarius lived and worked. In this article, we systematically analyze and compare persons, places and networks in order to reconstruct Caesarius’ narrative radius

Measuring the Effect of USCG Port Security Advisory Notices On Trade and Port Security Procedures

Overview: The United States Coast Guard’s International Port Security (IPS) Program is the primary port security assessment office and was established in 2003 as part of the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) to reduce risks to U.S. ports and ships, and to the entire maritime transport system. Through the assessment of International Ship and Port Facility Security Code implementation and other measures in foreign ports, the International Port Security Program can determine whether or not there is a reasonable and acceptable level of port security at any given foreign port. This report is comprised of qualitative and quantitative research along with two case studies that compare and contrast two countries and/or ports that either succeeded or failed in complying with this program and received a Port Security Advisory (PSA). Hypothesis: Port Security Advisories (PSA) are issued when a port does not meet the International Port Security Program code. They are an instrument to build and sustain port security practices and improvements. PSAs can give standard regulations for those who use ports in compliance with a PSA as well as create maritime security protocols for other countries that do not have strong port standards. As for the economic impacts, there can be both positive and negative factors depending on the country and the situation. However, we hypothesize that overall, PSAs do not significantly influence a country’s volume of trade. Due to non-compliant countries in reporting, there is no discernable method for tracking or ensuring restrictions. Methodology: We will observe quantitative measures of trade to identify negative impacts associated with the issuance of PSAs. We will also look at quantitative data to identify positive impacts associated with PSAs. We will be using USCG’s HOMEPORT website to identify the PSAs and use COMTRADE to examine trade both before and after a PSA was issued. Trade will be compared to similar countries, those which have not received a PSA. Lastly, we will go over local and regional factors and determine what is currently working and what needs to be improved. Conclusions: Our conclusion is that as a system the PSA process is not necessary an influence on trade. There may be correlations between countries with PSAs issued and changes in trade but there are a myriad of other factors that can impact this making the current methodology less than definitive. There also may be certain countries and/or ports where the correlation appears stronger (See Case Study #1); but overall, our conclusion is that PSAs have a negligible impact on a country receiving them in influencing their volume of trade

Methane release from gas hydrates in the Rock Garden of the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand

Dissolved methane and high resolution bathymetry surveys were conducted over the Rock Garden region of Ritchie Ridge, along the Hikurangi margin, eastern New Zealand. Multibeam bathymetry reveals two prominent, northeast trending ridges, parallel to subduction along the margin, that are steep sided and extensively slumped. Elevated concentrations of methane (up to 10 nM, 10× background) within the water column are associated with a slump structure at the southern end of Eastern Rock Garden. The anomalous methane concentrations were detected by a methane sensor (METS) attached to a conductivity‐temperature‐depth‐optical backscatter device (CTDO) and are associated with elevated light scattering and flare‐shaped backscatter signals revealed by the ship's echo sounder. Increased particulate matter in the water column, possibly related to the seepage and/or higher rates of erosion near slump structures, is considered to be the cause of the increased light scattering, rather than bubbles in the water column. Methane concentrations calculated from the METS are in good agreement with concentrations measured by gas chromatography in water samples collected at the same time. However, there is a c. 20 min (c. 900 m) delay in the METS signal reaching maximum CH4 concentrations. The maximum methane concentration occurs near the plateau of Eastern Rock Garden close to the edge of a slump, at 610 m below sea level (mbsl). This is close to the depth (c. 630 mbsl) where a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) pinches out at the seafloor. Fluctuating water temperatures observed in previous studies indicate that the stability zone for pure methane hydrate in the ocean varies between 630 and 710 mbsl. However, based on calculations of the geothermal gradients from BSRs, we suggest gas hydrate in the study area to be more stable than hydrate from pure methane in sea water, moving the phase boundary in the ocean upward. Small fractions of additional higher order hydrocarbon gases are the most likely cause for increased hydrate stability. Relatively high methane concentrations have been measured down to c. 1000 mbsl, most likely in response to sediment slumping caused by gas hydrate destabilisation of the sediments and/or marking seepage through the gas hydrate zone

Hydrothermal venting at Vailulu'u Seamount : the smoking end of the Samoan chain

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 5 (2004): Q02003, doi:10.1029/2003GC000626.The summit crater of Vailulu'u Seamount, the youngest volcano in the Samoan chain, hosts an active hydrothermal system with profound impact on the ocean water column inside and around its crater (2 km wide and 407 m deep at a 593 m summit depth). The turbidity of the ocean water reaches 1.4 NTU, values that are higher than in any other submarine hydrothermal system. The water is enriched in hydrothermal Mn (3.8 ppb) and 3He (1 × 10−11 cc/g) and we measured water temperature anomalies near the crater floor up to 0.2°C. The hydrothermal system shows complex interactions with the ocean currents around Vailulu'u that include tidally-modulated vertical motions of about 40–50 m, and replenishment of waters into the crater through breaches in the upper half of the crater wall. Inside and outside potential density gradients suggest that hydrothermal venting exports substantial amounts of water from the crater (1.3 ± 0.2 × 108 m3/day), which is in good agreement with fluxes obtained from a tracer release experiment inside the crater of Vailulu'u (0.8 × 108 m3/day [Hart et al., 2003]). This mass flux, in combination with the differences in the inside and outside crater temperature, yields a power output of around 760 megawatts, the equivalent of 20–100 MOR black smokers. The Mn output of 300 kg/day is approximately ten times the output of a single black smoker

Multiple hydrothermal sources along the south Tonga arc and Valu Fa Ridge

Quantifying hydrothermal venting at the boundaries of tectonic plates is an outstanding geoscience problem. Considerable progress has been made by detailed surveys along mid-ocean ridges (MORs), but until recently little was known about fluid venting along volcanic arcs. We present the first systematic survey for hydrothermal venting along the 425-km-long south Tonga arc and new chemistry data for particle and thermal plumes previously reported along an adjacent 88-km-long section of the back-arc Valu Fa Ridge (VFR). Eleven hydrothermal plumes, recognized by their anomalous light backscattering, Eh, temperature, pH, dissolved 3He, CH4, and total dissolvable Fe and Mn, were identified arising from seven volcanic centers along the arc. Five plumes on the VFR were characterized chemically. Vent field density for the south Tonga arc was 2.6 sites/100 km of arc front, comparable to that found by surveys of the Kermadec arc (1.9 to 3.8 sites/100 km) and to MORs in the eastern Pacific (average value for 2280 km of surveyed ridgecrest: 3.2 sites/100 km). A "vent gap" occurs along a 190 km section of the arc closest to the VFR, and a site density twice the average for MORs on the eastern edge of the Pacific plate was found on this part of the VFR (6.6 sites/100 km). We suggest magmas ascending under the adjacent south Tonga arc have been captured by the VFR. While chemical enrichments of plumes on the south Tonga arc were, in general, slightly less than those on the Kermadec arc, several instances of excessive anomalies in pH suggest a similar presence of fluids enriched in magmatic volatiles (CO2-SO2-H2S). Locally, venting on the VFR has contributed to accumulations of 3He, Fe, and Mn within the southern Lau basin. On a broader scale, our results provide considerable support for the notion that venting from intraoceanic arcs on the convergent margin of the Pacific plate adds significantly to the total hydrothermal input into the Pacific Ocean