Diaspora, Développement et Citoyenneté: Les Migrants Originaires du Bassin du Fleuve Sénégal

The author analyses the contribution of the diaspora on the development of their locality

Gated networks: an inventory

Gated networks are networks that contain gating connections, in which the outputs of at least two neurons are multiplied. Initially, gated networks were used to learn relationships between two input sources, such as pixels from two images. More recently, they have been applied to learning activity recognition or multi-modal representations. The aims of this paper are threefold: 1) to explain the basic computations in gated networks to the non-expert, while adopting a standpoint that insists on their symmetric nature. 2) to serve as a quick reference guide to the recent literature, by providing an inventory of applications of these networks, as well as recent extensions to the basic architecture. 3) to suggest future research directions and applications.Comment: Unpublished manuscript, 17 page

Aerosol deposition and origin in French mountains estimated with soil inventories of 210Pb and artificial radionuclides

Radionuclide inventories were measured in soils from different French mountainous areas: Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central), Eastern Corsica, Jura, Montagne Noire, Savoie, Vosges and Rhine Valley. 210Pb soil inventories were used to estimate long-term (>75 yr) deposition of submicron aerosols. Whereas 210Pb total deposition is explained partly by wet deposition, as demonstrated by increase of 210Pb inventory with annual rainfall; a part of 210Pb in the soils of higher altitude is caused by orographic depositions. Using measurements of radionuclides coming from nuclear aerial weapon tests (137Cs and Pu isotopes), we were able to estimate the origin of aerosols deposited in high-altitude sites and to confirm the importance of occult deposition and feeder–seeder mechanism. Using a simple mass balance model, we estimate that occult deposition and feeder–seeder mechanisms account to more than 50% of total deposition of 210Pb and associated submicron aerosols in French altitude sites

Logement et politique publique en Belgique

En Belgique, grâce à un financement fédéral, un programme d’intervention – axé sur les villes confrontées aux problèmes des quartiers en difficulté – s’est mis en place. Entre 2005 et 2008, des contrats de ville et des contrats logement ont été conclus afin de permettre aux villes et communes de définir un ensemble de projets contractualisés. Après avoir analysé les orientations majeures des contrats logement, l’évaluation cherche à en mesurer les effets tant au niveau de la visibilité qu’à celui des difficultés rencontrées par le pilotage du programme. En conclusion, les auteurs soulignent les limites inhérentes à une politique qui reste sectorisée et qui, au-delà des appels à une politique de proximité, est révélatrice des déficits organisationnels et démocratiques dans la gestion urbaine.In Belgium, a development program to assist cities struggling with disadvantaged neighbourhoods was set up with the help of federal funding. Between 2005 and 2008, city contracts and housing contracts were entered into to allow cities and communes to define a range of projects that could be formalized by contract. After analysing the major policy orientations of the housing contracts, this assessment seeks to gauge their effects with respect to both visibility and the problems encountered by program management. In conclusion, we underscore the limits inherent in a policy that remains segmented by sector and that, besides prompting calls for a proximity policy, reveals organizational and democratic shortcomings in urban management

Experimental study of the turbulent structure of a boundary layer developing over a rough surface

National audienceNous avons analysé les caractéristiques turbulentes de la couche limite neutre se développant sur une surface rugueuse. Des expériences ont été réalisées dans un canal hydraulique pour mesurer les champs bidimensionnels de vitesse via la technique de Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Ces données expérimentales décrivent cette couche limite en termes de quantités moyennes et turbulentes avec un haut niveau de précision. Les termes des budgets d'énergie ont ainsi pu être estimés. Il apparait que le développement de la couche limite rugueuse ne modifie pas significativement la répartition entre les termes constitutifs des différents bilans. Les échelles de longueurs intégrales ont été estimées, de manière directe, à partir des corrélations spatiales. Ces échelles de longueurs verticales permettent alors de paramétrer les longueurs de mélange et de dissipation, utilisées dans des modèles 1D de prédiction. / We analysed the turbulent characteristics of the neutral boundary-layer developing over rough surfaces. A set of hydraulic flume experiments were carried out in order to measure two-dimensional velocity fields via a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The resulting experimental data describe this boundary layer in terms of the mean and turbulent quantities with a high level of accuracy. These results enabled the terms of the energy budgets to be estimated and show that the development of the rough neutral boundary layer does not significantly modify the repartition between the constitutive terms of the different budget. Spatial correlation analysis permitted the longitudinal and vertical integral length also to be estimated directly. Theses vertical length scales are then used to parametrize the mixing and dissipative lengths, used in 1D prediction models

Feasibility algorithms for two pickup and delivery problems with transfers

International audienceThis presentation follows the PhD thesis of Renaud Masson [1] on the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transfers (PDPT). The motivating application is a dial-a-ride problem in which a passenger may be transferred from the vehicle that picked him/her up to another vehicle at some predetermined location, called transfer point. Both the PDPT and the Dial-A-Ride Problem with Transfers (DARPT) were investigated. An adaptive large neighborhood search has been developed to solve the PDPT [2] and also adapted to the DARPT [3]. In both algorithms, multiple insertions of requests in routes are tested. E ciently evaluating their feasibility with respect to the temporal constraints of the problem is a key issue

Parallelization of a relaxation scheme modelling the bedload transport of sediments in shallow water flow

In this work we are interested in numerical simulations for bedload erosion processes. We present a relaxation solver that we apply to moving dunes test cases in one and two dimensions. In particular we retrieve the so-called anti-dune process that is well described in the experiments. In order to be able to run 2D test cases with reasonable CPU time, we also describe and apply a parallelization procedure by using domain decomposition based on the classical MPI library.Comment: 19 page