Adsorption Of Reactive Azo Dyes On Chitosan/Oil-Palm Ash Composite Adsorbent : Batch And Continuous Studies [TP918.R2 M397 2008 f rb].

Penjerapan pencelup reaktif biru 19 (RB19), reaktif oren 16 (RO16) dan reaktif hitam (RB5) menggunakan manik-manik komposit chitosan/abu kelapa sawit terpaut silangan dikaji pada kedua-dua keadaan operasi iaitu kelompok dan turus. The adsorption of reactive blue 19 (RB19), reactive orange 16 (RO16) and reactive black 5 (RB5) on cross-linked chitosan/oil palm ash composite beads was studied in batch and column modes of operation

Ragi tapai and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as potential coculture in viscous fermentation medium for ethanol production

A comparison study on the ethanol production from 20% (w/v) of unhydrolyzed raw cassava starch using  Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis was performed and compared with the commercialized ragi tapai. The findings showed that S. cerevisiae, C. tropicalis and ragi tapai produced 23, 20 mg/l and 26 g/l of ethanol in 72 h, respectively. Subsequent coculturing of the two best performing strains namely ragi tapai and S. cerevisiae were performed to improve ethanol production and to reduce the accumulation of inhibitory concentration of reducing sugar with 10% (w/v) unhydrolyzed raw cassava starch. The coculture of ragi tapai with S. cerevisiae using the unhydrolyzed raw starch in a single step-fermentation produced an ethanol concentration of 35 g/l when the starch was inoculated with ragi tapai and cocultured with S. cerevisiae. The yield was 46% higher than the one inoculated with ragi tapai only (24 g/l). The glucose concentration was maintained at a low concentration in the coculture medium as compared to the medium with pure ragi tapai. The findings suggested that coculture of ragi tapai with S. cerevisiae is capable of enhancing the ethanol production and prevention of the inhibitory effect of reducing sugars on amylolytic activity.Key words: Cassava starch, ethanol, Candida tropicalis, ragi tapai, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, single-stepbioconversion

Single-Step Bioconversion of Unhydrolyzed Cassava Starch in the Production of Bioethanol and Its Value-Added Products

The global economic recession that began in 2008 and continued into 2009 had a profound impact on world income (as measured by GDP) and energy use. Since then the price of the energy supply by conventional crude oil and natural gas production has been fluctuating for years which has resulted in the need to explore for other alternative energy sources. One of the fastest-growing alternative energy sources is bioethanol, a renewable energy which can reduce imported oil and refined gasoline, thus creates energy security and varies energy portfolio. Global biofuel demand is projected to grow 133% by 2020 (Kosmala, 2010). However, the biofuel supply is estimated deficit by more than 32 billion liters over the same period and the deficit is worse for ethanol than biodiesel. Ethanol may serve socially desirable goals but its production cost is still remained as an issue. Extensive research has been carried out to obtain low cost raw material, efficient fermentative enzyme and organism, and optimum operating conditions for fermentation process. In addition to that, researchers have been trying to capitalize certain features of the plant equipment and facilities to increase the throughput of ethanol and other high value by products as well as to apply suitable biorefinery for the product recovery. At the same time, effort has been made to reduce utilities costs in water usage, cooling or heating, and also consumables usage via minimizing the effluent production. Aimed to provide an alternative means for ethanol production, this book chapter introduces a single-step or direct bioconversion production in a single reactor using starch fermenting or co-culture microbes. This process not only eliminates the use of enzymes to reduce the production cost but also yield added value by-products via co-culture of strains. Before further elaboration on this single-step fermentation, we will visit the conventional process, the substrate preparation and microbe used. By this way a clear picture of the differences between conventional process and the proposed single-step fermentation with the advantages and disadvantages of both processes will be discussed

Agent-based tool to support collaborative KMS in software maintenance process environment

Software maintenance (SM) environment is highly complex, knowledge-driven and collaborative. Therefore, knowledge management system (KMS) is critical to provide an environment for sharing and sustaining knowledge among members of SM community of practice (CoP). Several KM retrieval tools are compared to identify the areas that could be improved. One of the important but least available knowledge required by maintainers is the Domain Business knowledge and the relations to the application SM process knowledge. We propose a new tool based on Multi-Agent System (MAS) to address this issue and to assist CoP members to get the right knowledge at the right time

Properties and liquefaction risk on bulk cargo carrying Bukit Goh, Kuantan bauxite; in accordance with IMSBC Code

Bauxite is a raw material used in the production of alumina and, subsequently, aluminium. Like many metals, world demand for aluminium, and therefore bauxite, has grown substantially over the past 10 years in response to economic growth in emerging Asian economies. Bauxite is a relatively soft ore with a distinctive reddish brown colour. Bauxite ore from Malaysia exported to manufacturing country such as China to be process into aluminium. Basic properties of bauxite are determined for exporting purpose in which several international specifications need to be follow while handling bauxite in order to ensure those raw materials are passing the standard to be imported. Laboratory test had been done to bauxite samples from Bukit Goh in Kuantan to determine its basic and morphological properties. It is found out that moisture content of raw Bukit Goh bauxite is higher compared to processed bauxite where it has the average of 24.33% over 7.16% only on the processed bauxite sample. For particle distribution, it shows that the processed bauxite has less fine particle compared to raw samples with the average of 16.60% compared to raw with 38.50%. Result from FESEM test proves that the lesser fine particle attached to the processed bauxite ore. Referring to the IMSBC Code, it can be stated that raw bauxite samples from Bukit Goh does not pass the standard. This is due to the presence of bulky fine particles which tend to absorb water more than granular particles that may lead to liquefaction to occur. Liquefaction during cargo transportation is high risk especially when there are strong current at the sea. In order to ensure the bauxite is passing the standard, beneficiation process must take place where it include washing, wet screening and mechanical or manual sorting

Biochar : A review of its history, characteristics, factors that influence its yield, methods of production, application in wastewater treatment and recent development

Biochar can alleviate several issues, and it should also be inexpensive to produce. Most biochars have a high pore structure and diverse functional groups that assist in the adsorption process. Due to the attributed properties of biochar, several studies have demonstrated that biochar is getting more attention for its efficiency in facilitating wastewater treatment. However, to ensure the feasibility of biochar in wastewater treatment, the factors involved in the preparation of biochar that influences its characteristics and adsorption capacity must be understood. This study reviews the history, characteristics, factors that influence its yield, production methods, application, and recent development of biochar in wastewater treatment

EXTRACTION OF HERBAL COMPONENTS – THE CASE FOR SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION

Malaysia is rich in heritage of sources for herbs and medicinal plants. The increasing public awareness of the health, environment and safety hazards associated with the use of organic solvents in herbals processing and the possible solvent contamination of the final products have pointed out the need for the development of new technologies for the processing of medicinal products. This becomes the challenge for the application of supercritical fluid extraction to enhance the economic value of Malaysian herbs. Therefore, the development of affordable, high-capacity, continuous-feed supercritical extractors in conjunction with research demonstrating its effectiveness and advantages over conventional techniques should be seriously taken as a consideration

Co₂メタン化のためのNi触媒の開発

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第24105号工博第5027号新制||工||1784(附属図書館)京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻(主査)教授 江口 浩一, 教授 安部 武志, 教授 阿部 竜学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDGA

EXTRACTION OF HERBAL COMPONENTS – THE CASE FOR SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION

Malaysia is rich in heritage of sources for herbs and medicinal plants. The increasing public awareness ofthe health, environment and safety hazards associated with the use of organic solvents in herbalsprocessing and the possible solvent contamination of the final products have pointed out the need for thedevelopment of new technologies for the processing of medicinal products. This becomes the challenge forthe application of supercritical fluid extraction to enhance the economic value of Malaysian herbs.Therefore, the development of affordable, high-capacity, continuous-feed supercritical extractors inconjunction with research demonstrating its effectiveness and advantages over conventional techniquesshould be seriously taken as a consideration