Teacher Questioning Behavior on Classroom Interaction in Teaching Reading of English Classes

Keywords : teacher questioning, teaching reading, classroom interaction, type of questions This research is about the types of questions used by the teacher in teaching English particularly in reading section and how the contributions of that questions to classroom interaction. There are two types of questions in teachingreading; they are text dependent questions and text independent questions. Theinteractions can be seen through the students\u27 responses in answering teacherquestioning.This research uses mixed method. The data sources are two eleventh grades English classes. The both class are XI IS-2 from MAN Pasuruan and XI MIA-1 from SMAN 1 Pasuruan, which conduct the teaching reading, and two professional English teachers of both classes. The instruments that are used in data collection are video recording, classroom observation, collecting documents, and interviews. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses symbols on the classroom interaction transcriptions in dividing the questions types. Concluding and interpretation are used to analyze the result of interview.The finding shows that text independent questions encourage the students to produce 6.8 words longer compare to text dependent questions that only encourage 6.4 words in every one question that is asked by the teacher. For the question structure, wh-questions type creates 55.9% of all questions, it is followed by yes/no question by creating 22.7% and other questions with only create 19.5%. In addition, both of the teachers acknowledge that asking questions is an important activity. Based on both of the teachers\u27 opinions, they have different perspective to the importance of the two types of questions.The conclusion of this study for the students who are passive, then the teacher should give more text dependent questions. In contrary, for the students who always fast in responding the teacher talk and are always confident in sayingtheir opinion, then the teacher should give more text independent questions. Some suggestion are also offered related to the finding. First, teacher has to understand the students behavior before decide on which types of questions s/he want to use often. Second, teacher has to keep using yes/no questions to encourage the weak learners to keep responding to the teacher\u27s questions. Third, the use of other questions, which are created as incomplete sentence and used only to confirm the statement may be decreased

Religiusitas Dan Pengambilan Keputusan Memakai Jilbab Gaul Pada Mahasiswi Universitas Diponegoro

Jilbab telah menjadi budaya baru masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Jilbab banyak digunakan oleh muslimah dari berbagai kalangan seperti mahasiswa, pelajar, dan karyawan. Model jilbab yang berkembang di Indonesia terdiri dari dua macam yaitu jilbab syar'i dan jilbab yang kurang syar'i yang biasa disebut jilbab gaul. Jilbab gaul kini telah banyak dipakai oleh mahasiswa dan para remaja. Bagi muslimah memilih model pakaian merupakan masalah yang penting dikarenakan dalam ajaran Islam terdapat aturan mengenai pakaian muslimah. Pengambilan keputusan memakai jilbab gaul salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh religiusitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara religiusitas dengan pengambilan keputusan memakai jilbab gaul pada mahasiswi Universitas Diponegoro. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu cluster purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswi Fakultas Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, dan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik sebanyak 275 subjek. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua buah skala psikologi yaitu skala religiusitas dan skala pengambilan keputusan memakai jilbab gaul. Analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara religiusitas dengan pengambilan keputusan memakai jilbab gaul pada mahasiswi Universitas Diponegoro (r = -0,251, p < 0,05), yang berarti bahwa semakin tinggi religiusitas maka semakin rendah pengambilan keputusan mamakai jilbab gaul. Religiusitas memberikan sumbangan efektif sebanyak 6,3% terhadap pengambilan keputusan memakai jilbab gaul

Family Support Relationships Degrees of Diabetic Foot Wounds

Changes in lifestyle can cause degenerative diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The prevalence and incidence of this disease has increased drastically in industrialized and developing countries, including Indonesia. WHO predicts that DM data will increase to 300 million in the next 25 years. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that in 2020 there will be 178 million DM sufferers in Indonesia aged over 20 years and assuming a DM prevalence of 4.6%, there will be 8.2 million DM patients. Currently, the prevalence of DM based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019, Indonesia is ranked 6th in the world with 10 million people. Based on the 2007 Riskesdas results, it is estimated that 463 million people suffer from diabetes currently and it is projected to reach 578 million in 2030. and 700 million in 2045. This study was to determine the relationship between family support and the degree of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU). The design of this research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach design. The subjects of this study were DM sufferers with diabetic foot ulcers who underwent treatment at the Independent Wound Nursing Practice in Bone Regency. The sampling technique uses the Total Sampling method. After carrying out the Pearson correlation test, test results were obtained with a p value = 0.000 and an r value = 0.648** so it can be concluded that there is a very strong correlation between family support and the degree of diabetic foot ulcers. So it can be concluded that the higher the family support for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, the lower the degree of injury. The results of this study can be concluded that there is a strong relationship between family support and the degree of injury in Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) patients so that caring for families with diabetic foot ulcers will provide good encouragement for diabetic foot ulcer patients so they can heal and follow the treatment program. the good one

Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill) Pada Berbagai Media Tumbuh Dengan Interval Penyiraman Air Kelapa Yang Berbeda

This research was carried out at the Green House Experimental Farm Science Park, Sigi Biromaru Sidondo sub-district, Sigi Regency, since April - July 2016. This research aims to determine the effect of different types of media is growing and the interval giving coconut water towards growth and yield of tomato plants with uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) two factors, where the first factor is the growing medium consisting of four levels treatments, M1 (medium soil and chicken manure), M2 (ground husk charcoal and media), M3 (medium soil and sawdust), M4 (medium soil and cow manure), and the second factor is the interval watering coconut water is P1 (4 days), P2 (8 days), and P3 (12 days). Each combination treatment was repeated three times so that there are 36 experimental units. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and the real effect then tested further using Honestly Significant Difference at 5% level. The results showed that the treatment M2P2 give very good influence on the growth phase of height with an average 121,67 cm at age 45 days after planting, the average number of leaves 268,67 strands, and the total dry weight of the average plant 204,67 g, whereas treatment M1P1 give very good influence on the amount of fruit on average of 7,67 with a total weight of ripe fruit average 243, 67 g and the average root volume 19,67 ml

Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using anaerobic Clostridium species

Interest in the area of biomass based-product production is increasing all over the world due to the environmental challenges posed by fossil fuel and fear of its extinction. Production of biofuel and other compounds especially from agricultural waste can reduce these environmental problems because of its sustainability and environmentally friendliness. One of the major petrochemical product widely used in many industries is 2,3-butanediol and was found to be produced from agricultural wastes by microorganisms. Therefore, Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol from rice husk using Clostridium species was investigated in this research. Structural composition of the rice husk was determined before and after pretreatment. Hemicellulose and lignin content of rice husk was determined after extraction while cellulose was determined as the difference from the extractives, hemicelluloses and lignin. Dilute (2%) NaOH was used for the pretreatment of rice husk. Hydrolysis was carried out using Aspergillus niger and reducing sugar released was determined using standard method with UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Clostridium species was isolated from sugarcane bagasse, identified using basic morphological and molecular biology techniques. The fermentation of rice husk was performed using the Clostridium species. Fermentation by-product was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass-spectrometry. Cellulose content increased from 32% before pretreatment to 53.3% after pretreatment, lignin increased from 8.4% before pretreatment to 30.7% after pretreatmemt and hemicellulose decreased from 30% before pretreatment to 8% after pretreatment. A total of 1.05 g/l of reducing sugar was released after enzymatic hydrolysis of the rice husk with Aspergillus niger. Alcohol 2,3-butanediol (0.6%) and Furfuryl alcohol (0.45%) were detected in the by-product of fermentation. Other compounds detected are fatty acids that ranges from C16 to C25 with 9,12-Octadecanoic acid as the major fatty acid. From the results of this work, Rice husk was found to have substantial amount of sugar (cellulose and hemicelluce) that can be converted to valuable product including 2,3-butanediol. Keywords: Biofuel, Bio-refinary, Cellulose, Clostrudium, fermentation

Virtual Machine based Autonomous Web Server

Enterprises are turning to Internet technology to circulate information, interact with potential customers and establish an e-commerce business presence. These activities are depending highly on Web server and maintaining good server security has been a requirement for avoiding any malicious attacks especially web defacements and malware. Web server administrators should be alert and attentive to the status of the server at all time. They need to be persistent in monitoring the server in order to detect any attempted attacks. This is an advantage for a web server that is maintained by a big company that has a big budget to hire a knowledgeable web server administrator, for a new established small company it will only burden their expenses. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a low cost system called Autonomous Web Server Administrator (AWSA) that is fully developed using open source software. AWSA combines several computing concepts such as Virtual Machine, Intrusion Detection System and Checksum. AWSA offers a Virtual Machine based Web server that has the ability to automatically detect intrusions and reconstruct corrupted data or the file system without any human intervention

KEEFEKTIFAN PENGGUNAAN MODEL EXAMPLE NON EXAMPLE PADA KETERAMPILN MENULIS PUISI BEBAS SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI BATULACCU MAKASSAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Keefektifan Penggunaan Model Example Non-Example Pada Keterampilan Menulis Puisi Bebas Siswa kelas IV SD Negeri Batulaccu Makassar Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Kuantitatif Eksperimen design bentuk One Group Pretest-Posttest. Sample terdiri 2 kelas yang berjumlah 36 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini penelitian Eksperimen siswa yang dipilih adalah siswa kelas IV dengan jumlah sample 36 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sample yaitu dibagi 2 kelas, yang di pilih berupa observasi, tes (pretest-posttest), dan dokumentasi dan teknik analisis data peneliti menggunakan uji-t. Dari Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai pretest dan posttest memiliki selisih yang signifikan yaitu nilai signifikan (2 tailed) yaitu 0,000 >0,05 maka H1 diterima H0 ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat dismpulkan bahwa model example non-example terhadap hasil belajar menulis puisi bebas siswa

Kinerja Aditif Improver Dalam Produksi Rolling Oil Menggunakan Bahan Baku Minyak Sawit

Rolling oil (RO) is a process lubricant that used in metal working industries, especially in cold rolling mill (CRM)process as roll coolants, roll oil and pickler oil. Rolling oil is the mixture of basic lubricant and additives. Basic lubricant of RO usually from mineral or synthetic oil which have problems on process performance as well as in en- vironment. Crude palm oil (CPO) is a potential commodity, but its' utilities are still very limited. CPO is better than mineral or synthetic oil, especially on environmental conservation and process performance. Therefore, CPO is very potential to replace mineral oil as a base lubricant of RO. To determine the best base lubricant and additives based on characteristic analysis and performance uses two approaches, the statistical approach used to know whether the treatment is effective or not and zero one method used to get the best decision from more alternatives and criteria. In general, CPO characteristics generally is similar with commercial RO characteristics. Yet, deviation of the acid value, peroxside value, iodine value, moisture and Fe content can be minimized by purification and mixture of olein fraction. Performance of improver additive, emulsifier (EM), viscocity index improver (VII) and extrime pressure (EP) produces three kinds of the best additive namely emulfluid A (Ed) as a emulsifier additive, AP. 5315 (Va) as a viscosity index improver and AP.2337 (Pb) as a extreme pressure. Interaction phenomena distinguish the more purify of CPO purification process the more interactive for additive, and interaction between additives distinguishes that additives of VII affect to emulsion performance and EP additives have negative effects on emulsion and viscosity performance. Selection of the best concentration of the best improver additives results; Ed 2.0 % (w/w) with alternative value of 35%, Va 2.0 % (w/w) with alternative value 42,9 % and Pb 2.0% with alternative value 46.25 %

Reliability of self-employment intentions instrument among international students in Indonesian university

This paper examines the validation instrument used to measure the psychometric status of the self-employment intentions. Self-employment intentions are crucial to identify the university students in order to confirm their decision making. They are a questionnaire to measure graduation in university to start choice on their careers. This instrument is composed of 11 items and was carried out to 115 international students studying in one Indonesian higher education. There were 49 male and 66 female respondents involved in this study. The Cronbach's Alpha value was .94 which strongly suggest that the instrument has an excellent reliability. This study points out that self-employment intentions are suitable to be used by college personnel and counselors to examine and identify self-employment inten-tions among international students in Indonesian higher education. Implications for future study will also be discussed

Kinerja Aditif Improver dalam Produksi Rolling Oil Menggunakan Bahan Baku Minyak Sawit

Rolling oil (RO) is a process lubricant that used in metal working industries, especially in cold rolling mill (CRM)process as roll coolants, roll oil and pickler oil. Rolling oil is the mixture of basic lubricant and additives. Basic lubricant of RO usually from mineral or synthetic oil which have problems on process performance as well as in en- vironment. Crude palm oil (CPO) is a potential commodity, but its’ utilities are still very limited. CPO is better than mineral or synthetic oil, especially on environmental conservation and process performance. Therefore, CPO is very potential to replace mineral oil as a base lubricant of RO. To determine the best base lubricant and additives based on characteristic analysis and performance uses two approaches, the statistical approach  used to know whether the treatment is effective or not and zero one method used to get the best decision from more alternatives and criteria. In general, CPO characteristics generally is similar with commercial RO characteristics. Yet, deviation of the acid value, peroxside value, iodine value, moisture and Fe content can be minimized by purification and mixture of olein fraction. Performance of improver additive, emulsifier (EM), viscocity index improver (VII) and extrime pressure (EP) produces three kinds of the best additive namely emulfluid A (Ed) as a emulsifier additive, AP. 5315 (Va) as a viscosity index improver and AP.2337 (Pb) as a extreme pressure. Interaction phenomena distinguish the more purify of CPO purification process the more interactive for additive, and interaction between additives distinguishes that additives of VII affect to emulsion performance and EP additives have negative effects on emulsion and viscosity performance. Selection of the best concentration of the best improver additives results; Ed 2.0 % (w/w) with alternative value of 35%, Va 2.0 % (w/w) with alternative value 42,9 % and Pb 2.0% with alternative value 46.25 %.ABSTRAKRolling oil (RO) adalah salah satu pelumas proses yang digunakan di industri logam, khususnya  pada proses coldrolling mill (CRM), berfungsi sebagai roll collants, roll oil dan pickler oil. Bahan utama RO adalah pelumas dasar dan aditif. Pelumas dasar RO pada umumnya berasal dari minyak bumi atau minyak sintetik yang memiliki permasala- han baik dalam kinerja proses maupun lingkungan. Minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) merupakan komoditas potensial, tetapi pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. CPO lebih baik dibanding minyak mineral dan sintetik khususnya terhadap konservasi lingkungan dan kinerja proses. Oleh kerena itu, CPO berpeluang menggantikan minyak mineral sebagai pelumas dasar RO. Pemilihan pelumas dasar dan aditif pada produksi RO didasarkan atas analisis karakteristik dan kinerja yang menggunakan dua pendekatan; statistik untuk mengetahui efektifitas perlakuan, dan metode  zero one untuk penentuan pilihan terbaik dari banyak alternatif dan kriteria. Secara umum, karakteristik CPO tidak jauh berbeda dengan karateristik RO komersial. Perbedaan pada bilangan asam, peroksida, dan iod, serta kadar air dan kadar Fe dapat diperkecil melalui proses purifikasi dan pencampuran fraksi olein. Kinerja aditif improver, emulsifier (EM), viscocity index improver (VII) dan extreme pressure (EP) diperoleh tiga macam aditif terbaik, yaitu emulfluid A (Ed) sebagai aditif emulsifier, AP. 5315 (Va) aditif viscosity index improver dan AP.2337 (Pb) aditif extreme pressure. Fenomena interaksi CPO dangan aditif menunjukkan semakin murni CPO semakin kuat dan interaksi antara aditif dengan aditif menunjukkan bahwa aditif VII berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja emulsi dan aditif EP negatif terh- adap kinerja emulsi dan viskositas.  Sedang konsentrasi aditif improver terbaik  adalah Ed 2.0 % (w/w) dengan nilai alternatif  35 %, Va  2.0 % (w/w) dengan nilai alternatif  42,9 % dan Pb  2.0%  dengan nilai alternatif  46.25 %