Endodontic Treatment of Bilateral Mandibular First Premolars with Three Root Canals: A Report of Two Cases

Correct diagnosis of root canal anatomy is very important to ensure successful root canal treatment. Man­dibular first premolars with three separate root ca­nals are very rare. Consequently, they often require specific shaping and obturating techniques. This report describes the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment(s) of bilateral mandibular first premolars with three separate root canals

The Effect of Capital Structure on Firm Value , The Rate of Return on Equity and Earnings Per Share of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Decisions about capital structure is one of the most challenging and the most difficult issues facing the company capital structure of a company is a combination of debt and equity. In this study, the effects of capital structure of the company value, the rate of return on equity and earnings per share of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010-2014 were studied, due to limitations in total, 55 companies, for example, was selected.The data obtained through library research and software Rahavard new collection for this purpose financial leverage (debt ratio) as a variable alternative decisions, capital structure intended to study hypotheses were examined. In order to test the hypothesis of multiple regression analysis and evaluation of the significance of values and model of 95% of F-statistics and t-test were used, the results suggest that the rate of return on equity has a negative impact significantly on financial leverage . Also, the market value of the company's earnings per share significant effect on the financial leverage it. Keywords: financial leverage, the market value of the company, earnings per share, return on equit

Vowel Reduction in Kermanian Accent

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is investigating vowel reduction in Kermanian accent. Vowel reduction is a process which occurs in an unstressed syllable. It leads to change unstressed vowels and tend them to other vowels. In order to investigate vowel reduction in Kermanian accent, 6 male native speakers of Persian are participating which 3 of them are native speakers of Kerman and 3 others, speakers of standard Persian accent. The data included 12 words were recorded by a Shure microphone in the acoustic room of the linguistic department of Sharif University of Technology. Then duration, intensity, F1, F2, COG and f0 of the vowels were measured. The results show that duration, intensity and fundamental frequency of the vowels are less in Kermanian accent than in standard Persian accent. Also, the results of studying F1 and F2 of [æ, i, o] prove that these vowels in Kermanian accent are tending to center. So, this kind of vowel reduction in Kermanian accent is called centripetal

Production of Low-Fat Camel Milk Functional Ice creams Fortified with Camel Milk Casein and its Antioxidant Hydrolysates

 Background and objective: The objective of this study was to produce functional low-fat camel milk ice creams enriched with native camel milk casein or its antioxidant hydrolysates produced by chymotrypsin.Material and methods: Native or hydrolyzed camel milk caseins (0, 2 and 4%) were added to camel milk low-fat ice creams. Hydrolysates were characterized for molecular weights and antioxidant activities. Physical (hardness, overrun and melting resistance) and sensorial attributes of the final products were assessed.Results and conclusion: Results showed that the chymotrypsin-mediated hydrolysis significantly (P<0.05) increased 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of the native camel milk casein. Apparent viscosity and consistency coefficient of the ice creams were increased by addition of proteins and hydrolysates due to their water holding capacity. Protein/hydrolysates-fortified samples showed higher melting resistances but lower overruns and softer textures, compared to control ice creams with no added native or hydrolyzed camel milk casein. Sensory analysis showed that only samples enriched with 2% of casein hydrolysate included sensory properties similar to those of control camel milk low-fat ice creams and other samples received lower sensory scores. Generally, this study has suggested that camel milk can be used to produce low-fat ice creams. Properties of these ice creams can be modified by adding various concentrations of native and hydrolyzed camel milk caseins.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Pre-training with Random Orthogonal Projection Image Modeling

Masked Image Modeling (MIM) is a powerful self-supervised strategy for visual pre-training without the use of labels. MIM applies random crops to input images, processes them with an encoder, and then recovers the masked inputs with a decoder, which encourages the network to capture and learn structural information about objects and scenes. The intermediate feature representations obtained from MIM are suitable for fine-tuning on downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose an Image Modeling framework based on random orthogonal projection instead of binary masking as in MIM. Our proposed Random Orthogonal Projection Image Modeling (ROPIM) reduces spatially-wise token information under guaranteed bound on the noise variance and can be considered as masking entire spatial image area under locally varying masking degrees. Since ROPIM uses a random subspace for the projection that realizes the masking step, the readily available complement of the subspace can be used during unmasking to promote recovery of removed information. In this paper, we show that using random orthogonal projection leads to superior performance compared to crop-based masking. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results on several popular benchmarks

Studying the effect of risk management on stock returns of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

This study examines the relationship between risk management and stock returns of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To do this, 73 companies during the period of 2005 to 2010 were selected. The effects of different variables on risk management including working capital, current assets, and current liabilities (independent variables) on stock returns (the dependent variable) of companies were studied. The purpose of it is to know the following issues: 1. Studying the relationship between current assets changes and stock return changes 2. Studying the relationship between current liabilities changes and stock return changes 3. Studying the relationship between working capital changes and stock return changes 4. Studying the relationship between risk management approach and stock return changes. For the analysis, the Pearson correlation and regression are used. Also, by the use of security exchange site and Tadbir Pardaz Software, the raw data of companies were directly gathered from Tehran Stock Exchange and financial statements of companies, and EXCEL and SPSS Softwares were used for data analysis. The results demonstrate that there is no significant relationship between any of the risk management variables and stock returns of companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2005 to 2010

Studying the effect of risk management on stock returns of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

This study examines the relationship between risk management and stock returns of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To do this, 73 companies during the period of 2005 to 2010 were selected. The effects of different variables on risk management including working capital, current assets, and current liabilities (independent variables) on stock returns (the dependent variable) of companies were studied. The purpose of it is to know the following issues: 1. Studying the relationship between current assets changes and stock return changes 2. Studying the relationship between current liabilities changes and stock return changes 3. Studying the relationship between working capital changes and stock return changes 4. Studying the relationship between risk management approach and stock return changes. For the analysis, the Pearson correlation and regression are used. Also, by the use of security exchange site and Tadbir Pardaz Software, the raw data of companies were directly gathered from Tehran Stock Exchange and financial statements of companies, and EXCEL and SPSS Softwares were used for data analysis. The results demonstrate that there is no significant relationship between any of the risk management variables and stock returns of companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2005 to 2010

Biochemical characterization of digestive carbohydrases from Xanthogaleruca luteola and inhibition of its α-amylase by inhibitors extracted from the common bean

Xanthogaleruca luteola Müll. (Col.: Chrysomelidae) is a major urban insect pest on elm trees in Iran. Digestion in the alimentary canal of the elm leaf beetle is facilitated by some carbohydrases which are responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates. The presence of digestive carbohydrases was determined in the digestive system of adult and last larval instar of the elm leaf beetle. The specific activity of α-amylase in the digestive system of adult females and last larval instars were 0.49± 0.05 and 0.72± 0.07 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Also, the amylase activity in the midgut of the last larval instar was 3.125- and 4.16-fold higher than that its activity in the foregut and hindgut, respectively. Results showed that optimum activity for α-amylase was found at pH 5. As calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots, the Km values for α-amylase were 0.64 and 1.44 mg/ml, when glycogen and starch were used as substrates, respectively. The effect of pH and temperature on α- and ß-glucosidase and α- and β-galactosidase activities was determined in the digestive system of X. luteola. Results showed that the activity of α- and ß-glucosidases in adult females was higher than in larvae, but the Яgalactosidase activity in larvae was more than that of the adult. In adult females the glucosidase activity was higher than the galactosidase activity. The zymogram pattern in the native gel revealed that X. luteola α-amylase, β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase in the digestive system had one, three and one isoforms. α-amylase inhibitors, purified from Phaseolus vulgaris L. with an ion-exchange DEAE cellulose column showed good inhibitory activity on X. luteola gut α-amylase

Electroretinographic Changes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Abnormal Visual Evoked Potentials

Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of nervous system which is accompanied by degeneration of visual pathway in certain cases. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) are among the diagnostic techniques in detecting this disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible electroretinography (ERG) changes among these patients. Patients and Methods: Thirty eyes of the patients with definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and delay in latency of visual evoked potential P100 peak entered the present prospective case control study as the case group. Latency and amplitude of ERG b-wave peak were measured in each eye. The result was compared with normal eyes thirty from age and sex marched individuals to evaluate the possible differences between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference regarding the demographic data (age, UCVA) between the case and control groups. The b-wave latency did show a statistically significant difference between patients with MS and normal controls (P < 0.001). The ERG b-wave amplitude did not show statistically significant difference between patients with MS and the control group. Conclusion: From the result of the present study it seems that the latency of b-wave in flash ERG might be used as an indicator to evaluate the retinal dysfunction in MS patients with abnormal VEP pattern.Keywords:  Multiple sclerosis; retinal changes; flash electroretinograph