Clinical and psychopathological characteristics and social functioning of patients with hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in moderate vascular dementia.

The relevance of the study is determined by a high prevalence of dementia, significant economic costs of treatment, negative consequences in the form of disability and decrease in the quality of social functioning. The aim of the research was to study the clinical and psychopathological characteristics and specificity of the social functioning of patients with hallucinatory-paranoid disorders (НРD) in moderate vascular dementia (MVD). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, which was implemented using the clinical and psychopathological method, supplemented by the use of psychometric scales (neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), global assessment functioning scale (GAF), disability assessment scale (WHO / DAS), Bristol daily activity scale (BADL)) and methods of mathematical data processing. In a study of clinical-psychopathological characteristics and social functioning of patients with HPD in MVD 75 patients took part. 41 patients with HPD (main group) and 34 patients without psychotic disorders (control group) were examined. In the structure of clinical-psychopathological mani­festations in patients with HPD in MVD the following symptoms were revealed: the prevalence of frequent delusional ideas of material damage, robbery and jealousy - in a moderate degree; a combination of HPD with frequent vagrancy; periodic moderate verbal aggression; frequent rhythm disturbances day / night, frequent low mood, manifested in the form of dysphoria; fear of being alone; frequent states of irritability. The expressed negative influence of HPD on communication function, quality and level of participation in fulfilling the parental role, the need and effectiveness of social contacts, the effectiveness of behavior in non-standard and difficult conditions was established. The influence of HPD on the formation of limitations of their vital functions in communication, ability to use the phone, make purchases, manage finances and use transport in patients of this group was defined. It was proved that the range of social functioning of patients corresponded to disorders ranging from a serious deterioration in functioning in the social and professional spheres - to the inability of functioning in certain areas of life

ФАКТОРИ ПСИХІЧНОЇ ТРАВМАТИЗАЦІЇ У ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ: ЇХ СТРУКТУРА ТА ДИНАМІКА У ЧАСІ

Today, Ukraine ranks ninth in the world in the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Large-scale forced internal migration in recent years could not but affect the health status of a particular social group, as well as the health status of the population as a whole. The aim of the study – to learn the factors of mental trauma, their dynamics over time and the impact on mental health, the determination of stress resistance and social adaptation in HPE. Material and Methods. Survey methods included clinical psychopathology with assessment of mental trauma factors, T. Holmes and R. Rahe (1967) methods for determining stress tolerance and social adaptation to assess current levels of stress during the last year, and statistical methods. The study was conducted at the State Institution “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” in the Department of Border Psychiatry. A total of 213 IDPs were surveyed. All of the surveyed were divided into 3 groups: group I included 94 IDPs from the general population who had no identified psychiatric disorders (conditionally healthy), group II (risk group) waxed 68 people who had identified certain psychiatric symptoms that were not clinical level, made up and in group III included 51 people who sought medical help and having mental disorders. Results. All subjects were evaluated for stress factors, including, physiological, psycho-emotional, socio-psychological and information factors and reflected their dynamics over time. The conducted assessment of the level of resistance showed its differences in the examined healthy, patients and risk groups. Conclusions. An assessment of the influence of stressful factors on IDP indicates their combined effect, varying degrees of pathogenicity, and dynamics over time.Сегодня Украина занимает девятое место в мире по количеству внутренне перемещенных лиц. Масштабные вынужденные внутренние миграции последних лет не могли не отразиться на состоянии здоровья как определенной социальной группы, так и на состоянии здоровья населения в целом. Цель – изучение факторов психической травматизации, их динамики во времени и влияния на состояние психического здоровья, определение стрессоустойчивости и социальной адаптации у ВПО. Материал и методы. Методы обследования включали клинико-психопатологический с оценкой факторов психической травматизации, методика определения стрессоустойчивости и социальной адаптации Т. Холмса и Р. Раге (Т. Holmes and R. Rahe, 1967) для оценки актуального уровня стресса в течение последнего года и статистические методы. Исследование проводилось в ГУ «Институт неврологии, психиатрии и наркологии НАМН Украины» в отделе пограничной психиатрии. Всего было обследовано 213 ВПО. Все обследованные были поделены на 3 группы: в I группу вошли 94 ВПО из общей популяции, у которых не было выявлено психических расстройств (условно здоровые), во II группу (группу риска) вошли 68 человек, у которых были определены отдельные психические симптомы, не достигающие клинического уровня, и в III группу вошел 51 человек, обратившийся за медицинской помощью и имеющий психические расстройства. Результаты. У всех обследованных была проведена оценка стрессогенных факторов, включавшая физиологические, психоэмоциональные, социально-психологические и информационные факторы и отражающая их динамику во времени. Оценка уровня сопротивляемости показала его отличия у обследованных здоровых, больных и лиц группы риска. Выводы. Оценка влияния стрессогенных факторов на ВПО свидетельствует об их сочетанном действии, разных степени патогенности и динамике во времени.Сьогодні Україна займає дев’яте місце у світі за кількістю внутрішньо переміщених осіб (ВПО). Масштабні вимушені внутрішні міграції останніх років не могли не відобразитися на стані здоров’я як певної соціальної групи, так і на стані здоров’я населення у цілому. Мета – вивчення факторів психічної травматизації, їх динаміки у часі та впливу на стан психічного здоров’я, визначення стресостійкості та соціальної адаптації у ВПО. Матеріал і методи. Методи обстеження включали клініко-психопатологічний з оцінкою факторів психічної травматизації, методику визначення стресостійкості та соціальної адаптації Т. Холмса і Р. Раге для оцінки актуального рівня стресу протягом останнього року, статистичні методи. Дослідження проведено в ДУ «Інститут неврології, психіатрії та наркології НАМН України» у відділі пограничної психіатрії. Всього було обстежено 213 ВПО. Усі обстежені були поділені на 3 групи: до І групи увійшли 94 ВПО із загальної популяції, у яких не було виявлено психічних розладів (умовно здорові); 68 осіб, у яких були визначені окремі психічні симптоми, що не сягали клінічного рівня, склали ІІ групу (група ризику) та 51 особа, що звернулася за медичною допомогою та мала діагностовані психічні розлади, увійшли до ІІІ групи (обстежені з психічними розладами). Результати. Всім обстеженим була проведена оцінка стресогенних факторів (СФ), що включали фізіологічні, психоемоційні, соціально-психологічні та інформаційні чинники та відображала їх динаміку в часі. Рівень опірності стресу відрізнявся у здорових, хворих та осіб з групи ризику. Висновки. Загальна оцінка впливу стресогенних чинників на ВПО свідчить про їх поєднану дію, різний ступінь патогенності та динаміки у часі

Exclusive Measurement of the Nonmesonic Weak Decay of ^{5}_{\Lambda}He Hypernucleus

We performed a coincidence measurement of two nucleons emitted from the nonmesonic weak decay (NMWD) of ^{5}_{\Lambda}He formed via the ^{6}Li(\pi^+,K^+) reaction. The energies of two nucleons and the pair number distributions in the opening angle between them were measured. In both np and nn pairs, we observed a clean back-to-back correlation coming from the two-body decay of \Lambda p --> n p and \Lambda n --> n n, respectively. The ratio of the nucleon pair numbers was N_{nn}/N_{np}=0.45 \pm 0.11(stat)\pm 0.03(syst) in the kinematic region of cos(theta_{NN}) < -0.8. Since each decay mode was exclusively detected, the measured ratio should be close to the ratio of \Gamma(\Lambda p --> np)/\Gamma(\Lambda n --> nn). The ratio is consistent with recent theoretical calculations based on the heavy meson/direct quark exchange picture.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. lett., 4 pages, 3 figure

Proton spectra from Non-Mesonic Weak Decay of p-shell Lambda-Hypernuclei and evidence for the two-nucleon induced process

New spectra from the FINUDA experiment of the Non Mesonic Weak Decay (NMWD) proton kinetic energy for 9(Lambda)Be, 11(Lambda)B, 12(Lambda)C, 13(Lambda)C, 15 (Lambda)N and 16(Lambda)O are presented and discussed along with the published data on 5(Lambda)He and 7(Lambda)Li. Exploiting the large mass number range and the low energy threshold (15 MeV) for the proton detection of FINUDA, an evaluation of both Final State Interactions (FSI) and the two nucleon induced NMWD contributions to the decay process has been done. Based on this evaluation, a linear dependence of FSI on the hypernuclear mass number A is found and for the two nucleon stimulated decay rate the experimental value of Gamma2/Gammap=0.43+-0.25 is determined for the first time. A value for the two nucleon stimulated decay rate to the total decay rate Gamma2/GammaNMWD=0.24+-0.10 is also extracted.Comment: 11 pages and 2 figure

Phenomenological analysis of suicidal behavior in patients with cognitive impairment in recurrent depressive disorder

The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of suicidal behaviour (SB) in patients with cognitive impairment in recurrent depressive disorder (RDD). Materials and methods: The article presents a phenomenological analysis of suicidal behavior in 123 patients with recurrent depressive disorder. The study of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with recurrent depressive disorder included an analysis of the severity of cognitive impairment and the characteristics of cognitive processes, executive functions, and the specifics of social functioning. The study of the features of suicidal behavior included an analysis of the severity of suicidal risk, diagnosis of symptoms, stress level, suicidal behavior in the past, communication capabilities, reactions of significant others, and the severity of autoaggressive predictors. A complex of research methods was used: clinical-psychopathological, psychometrical, psychodiagnostical and statistical. Results: It was determined that patients with recurrent depressive disorder have specific characteristics of suicidal behavior, which included: a moderate to low level of suicidal risk; the severity of symptoms of depression, tension, anxiety, guilt, hopelessness and exhaustion; repeated visits to doctors for help; presence and recurrence of stress factors; anamnestic burden; violation of communications; the presence of autoaggressive predictors. Conclusions: It was found that a weak level of cognitive deficit, a tendency to catastrophisation and self-blame, low switchability and increased focus on negative stimuli in patients with recurrent depressive disorder was associated with a high risk of their suicidal behavior

Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections and related antibiotic resistance in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: There is limited information on surgical site infections (SSI) and the related antibiotic resistance needed to guide their management and prevention in Sierra Leone. In this study, we aimed to establish the incidence and risk factors of SSI and the related antibiotic resistance among adults attending a tertiary hospital, and a secondary health facility in Freetown, Sierra Leone. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study designed to collect data from adult (18 years or older) patients who attended elective and emergency surgeries at two hospitals in Freetown between February and July, 2021. Data analysis was done using STATA version 16. RESULTS: Of 338 patients, 245 (72.5%) and 93 (27.5%) had their surgeries at the tertiary and secondary hospitals, respectively. Many were males 192 (56.8%), less than 35 years 164 (48.5%), and 39 (11.5%) developed an SSI. Of the 39 patients who acquired an SSI, 7 (17.9%) and 32 (82.1%) had their surgeries at the secondary and tertiary hospitals, respectively. The incidence of SSI is higher in contaminated 17 (43.6%) than in clean-contaminated 12 (30.8%) and clean 10 (25.6%) wounds. Wound swabs were collected in 29 (74.4%) patients, of which 18 (62.1%) had bacterial growth. In total, 49 isolates of 14 different bacteria including gram-negative 41 (83.7%) and gram-positive 8 (16.3%) isolates were identified. Of these, 32 (65.3%) were Enterobacteriaceae, 9 (18.4%) were Non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli and 10 (12.2%) were Enterococci. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (12, 24.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10, 20.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (5, 10.2%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4, 8.2%) and Enterococcus faecalis (4, 8.2%). The Enterobacteriaceae were either resistance to carbapenems (4, 8.2%) or were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms (29, 59.2%). Male sex [p = 0.031], an ASA score >/= 2 [p = 0.020), administration of general anaesthesia [p = 0.018] and elevated fasting glucose [p = 0.033] were predictive of SSI. CONCLUSION: The incidence of SSI in this study is comparable to other low- and middle-income countries, but a substantial proportion of these postoperative wounds have an ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, routine surveillance of SSI and related antibiotic resistance is required in resource-limited settings

A study of the proton spectra following the capture of K−K^- in 6^6Li and 12^{12}C with FINUDA

Momenta spectra of protons emitted following the capture of $K^-$ in $^6$Li and $^{12}$C have been measured with 1% resolution. The $^{12}$C spectrum is smooth whereas for $^6$Li a well defined peak appears at about 500 MeV/$c$. The first observation of a structure in this region was identified as a strange tribaryon or, possibly, a $\bar K$-nuclear state. The peak is correlated with a $\pi^-$ coming from $\Sigma^-$ decay in flight, selected by setting momenta larger than 275 MeV/$c$. The $\Sigma^-$ could be produced, together with a 500 MeV/$c$ proton, by the capture of a $K^-$ in a deuteron-cluster substructure of the $^6$Li nucleus. The capture rate for such a reaction is (1.62\pm 0.23_{stat} ^{+0.71}_{-0.44}(sys))%/K^-_{stop}, in agreement with the existing observations on $^4$He targets and with the hypothesis that the $^6$Li nucleus can be interpreted as a $(d+\alpha)$ cluster.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in NP

Production of Λ6^{6}_{\Lambda}H and Λ7^{7}_{\Lambda}H with the (Kstop−^{-}_{stop},π+\pi^+) reaction

The production of neutron rich $\Lambda$-hypernuclei via the ($K^-_stop$,$\pi^+$) reaction has been studied using data collected with the FINUDA spectrometer at the DA$\Phi$NE $\phi$-factory (LNF). The analysis of the inclusive $\pi^+$ momentum spectra is presented and an upper limit for the production of $^6_\Lambda$H and $^7_\Lambda$H from $^6$Li and $^7$Li, is assessed for the first time.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in PL