Hombres y mujeres en el mercado del trabajo : paridad sin igualdad

El crecimiento espectacular de la actividad laboral femenina, que se remonta a comienzos de los años sesenta, es un mar de fondo que nadie había previsto en ese tiempo y que nadie ha parado desde entonces ni la precariedad del empleo, ni el descenso del crecimiento económico, ni el aumento del desempleo masivo y estructural. En el terreno económico, la paridad existe, cuantitativamente, al menos. Pero no rima con igualdad, y el problema radica ahí. La feminización de la población asalariada no ha desembocado en un retroceso de la distancia entre empleos masculinos y femeninos. _________________________________________The spectacular growth of female labour activity, which dates back to the early sixties, is a phenomenon that no one foresaw and which persists to this day as could also be said of precarious employment, lower economic growth, and heightened massive and structural unemployment. In the economic domain, parity exists, at least quantitatively. But it does not translate into higher equality, and that is where the problem lies. The feminization of the wage-earning population has not led to shrinking the gap between male and female employment

De la Sociología del Trabajo a la Sociología del Empleo

Sin resume

Site-selective multi-porphyrin attachment enables the formation of a next-generation antibody-based photodynamic therapeutic

Herein we present a significant step towards next-generation antibody-based photodynamic therapeutics. Site-selective modification of a clinically relevant monoclonal antibody, with a serum-stable linker bearing a strained alkyne, allows for the controlled Cu-free “click” assembly of an in vitro active antibody-based PDT agent using a water soluble azide porpyhrin

Band-edge-induced Bragg diffraction in two-dimensional photonic crystals

Two-dimensional photonic crystals composed of two orthogonal volume diffraction gratings have been photogenerated in photopolymers. When the read beam is set at the Bragg angle, the diffraction efficiency of the transmission grating is strongly enhanced at the band edge of the reflection grating recorded in the material. Such a device provides Bragg operation and enhancement of the diffraction efficiency of the thin diffraction grating together with good wavelength selectivity. Such advantages could be interesting for optical signal processing

A plug-and-play approach to antibody-based therapeutics via a chemoselective dual click strategy.

Although recent methods for the engineering of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have gone some way to addressing the challenging issues of ADC construction, significant hurdles still remain. There is clear demand for the construction of novel ADC platforms that offer greater stability, homogeneity and flexibility. Here we describe a significant step towards a platform for next-generation antibody-based therapeutics by providing constructs that combine site-specific modification, exceptional versatility and high stability, with retention of antibody binding and structure post-modification. The relevance of the work in a biological context is also demonstrated in a cytotoxicity assay and a cell internalization study with HER2-positive and -negative breast cancer cell lines

A study of the dynamic of influence through differential equations

URL des Documents de travail : http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/documents-de-travail/Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2011.22 - ISSN : 1955-611XThe paper concerns a model of influence in which agents make their decisions on a certain issue. It is assumed that each agent is inclined to make a particular decision, but due to a possible influence of the others, his final decision may be different from his initial inclination. Since in reality the influence does not necessarily stop after one step, but may iterate, we present a model which allows us to study the dynamic of influence. The use of continuous variable permits the application of differential equations systems to the analysis of the convergence of agents' decisions in long-time. In particular, by applying the approach based on differential equations of the influence model, we recover the results of the discrete model on classical influence functions and the results on the boss and approval sets for the command games equivalent to some influence functions.Le papier concerne un modèle d'influence dans lequel les agents prennent des décisions sur une proposition. On suppose que chaque agent est incliné à prendre une certaine décision, mais que dû à une influence possible des autres agents, sa décision finale peut être différente de son inclination initiale. Comme dans la réalité l'influence ne s'arrête pas nécessairement après une étape mais peut itérer, nous présentons un modèle qui nous permet d'étudier la dynamique de l'influence. L'utilisation de variables continues permet l'application des systèmes d'équations différentielles à l'analyse de la convergence des décisions des agents. En particulier, en appliquant l'approche basée sur les équations différentielles au modèle d'influence, nous retrouvons les résultats du modèle discret sur les fonctions d'influence classiques, ainsi que les résultats sur les "boss sets" et les ensembles d'approbation pour les jeux de commande équivalents aux fonctions d'influence

Dual modification of biomolecules

With the advent of novel bioorthogonal reactions and “click” chemistry, an increasing number of strategies for the single labelling of proteins and oligonucleotides have emerged. Whilst several methods exist for the site-selective introduction of a single chemical moiety, site-selective and bioorthogonal dual modification of biomolecules remains a challenge. The introduction of multiple modules enables a plethora of permutations and combinations and can generate a variety of bioconjuguates with many potential applications. From de novo approaches on oligomers to the post-translational functionalisation of proteins, this review will highlight the main strategies to dually modify biomolecules

Recurrent Linear Dermatosis in a 9-Year-Old Boy

International audienc

Regioselective and stoichiometrically controlled conjugation of photodynamic sensitizers to a HER2 targeting antibody fragment

The rapidly increasing interest in the synthesis of antibody–drug conjugates as powerful targeted anticancer agents demonstrates the growing appreciation of the power of antibodies and antibody fragments as highly selective targeting moieties. This targeting ability is of particular interest in the area of photodynamic therapy, as the applicability of current clinical photosensitizers is limited by their relatively poor accumulation in target tissue in comparison to healthy tissue. Although synthesis of porphyrin–antibody conjugates has been previously demonstrated, existing work in this area has been hindered by the limitations of conventional antibody conjugation methods. This work describes the attachment of azide-functionalized, water-soluble porphyrins to a tratuzumab Fab fragment via a novel conjugation methodology. This method allows for the synthesis of a homogeneous product without the loss of structural stability associated with conventional methods of disulfide modification. Biological evaluation of the synthesized conjugates demonstrates excellent selectivity for a HER2 positive cell line over the control, with no dark toxicity observed in either case