Rapid Detection of Avian Eimeria Species Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

A denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay was developed to rapidly discriminate species of avian Eimeria. Amplification by PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (approximately 1,600 nucleotides) with Eimeria genus-specific primers followed by cloning and sequencing allowed us to carry out phylogenetic analyses and identify clone sequences to species level in most cases. Clones were subsequently used to amplify a smaller fragment (approximately 120 nucleotides) suitable for DGGE. The fragments were separated on denaturing gradient gel and bands with unique migration distances were mixed to obtain an identification ladder. The identification ladder and PCR products obtained from DNA extracted from fecal samples from several poultry farms were compared. Applying the DGGE method in this study allowed a rapid differentiation of Eimeria species present in fecal samples collected from poultry farms

The "Service" model of the competences of the municipal employee as the basis of vocational training: Russian experience

Competences of the municipal employee are considered in a context of the “service” concept of the public and municipal administration. The results of the sociological researches reflecting estimates and expectations are the basis for a model of the competences, connected with local authorities. In the article the technology and the results of the selection of the applicants for a reserve for the municipal positions are presented on the basis of the offered model of the competences also. From the point of view of the purposes of the vocational training the offered model of the competences can act as a basis for a formation of the curriculum

Approaches to the study of the pathogenesis of HIV infection

Since its discovery over twodecades ago, much has been learned about HIV type 1 virus and molecular biology of viral replication cycle. This knowledge has been used to develop lentivirus based system wich have advantage over conventional retroviral replication systems [1]. Advances in our undestanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral replication cycle decide current approaches in selection of treatment strategy of the disease and cellular targets for anti-retroviral therapeutics [2]. Here we describe basic features of the HIV-1 rmodels. We also provide detailed information on propagation of HIV-1 derived lentiviral vectors, cell transduction protocol andmethod for evaluation of the titer of a lentivirus [3]. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

HACAT AS A MODEL FOR KERATINOCYTESTRANSFORMATION

Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 occur in more than 50% of human malignancies and lead to the loss of suppressor activity. Moreover frequently p53 mutants gain novel, oncogenic properties by transcriptional activation of the genes, involved in cellular proliferation, cell survival and angiogenesis. Today\u2019s challenge is to understand mechanisms underlying the gain-of-function of mutant p53 proteins. By the example of KLF4 promoter we demonstrate that mutant p53 can carries out its gain-of-function by interaction with another p53 family member, transcription factor p63. In the first report we provide strong evidence that KLF4 is negatively controlled by p63 in normal skin in the presence of physiological levels of wild type p53 (wtp53) and that this regulation is subverted by oncogenic mutations of p53, establishing a direct link between these TFs, commonly overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These results inspired us to investigate the mechanisms of mutant p53 gain-of-function on the genome scale. In the second manuscript we demonstrate that mutant p53 HaCaT alleles are pro-growth and mutp53 have thousands of binding sites in the human genome; they affect gene expression profoundly, both by binding with p63 to consensus elements and by being tethered by other TFs to their locations. Although 2 mutant p53 alleles are definitely gain-of-function in the HaCaT, they are not sufficient to render these cells malignant. Based on the sphere-forming assay we developed novel model for the tumorigenic conversion of the HaCaT cells: while immortalized keratinocytes display transformed phenotype in vitro and not tumorigenic upon injection into nude mice, HaCaTderived spheres give rise to the SCC in vivo. Thus, this simple model can be 3 useful for the future studies of the genetic and phenotypic signatures during SCC initiation and development. There is an indication that mutant p53 can execute its gain-of-function via interaction with NF-Y transcription factor. Ongoing study is devoted to the investigation of NF-YA subunit role in the processes of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the cells with different p53 status

A modern research for the Turkish ethnography

The urgency of the problem under study is caused by the need to consider the achievements of field researchers of the XIXth century from the standpoint of modern science. The purpose of the article is to characterize the research method of the ethnographer and folklorist Nikolai Katanov (1862-1922). The historical-genetic method is the leading one to the study of this problem. The main results of the research consist in the systematization of the unrecognized intellectual heritage from N. Katanov to the end and its analysis in the context of contemporary Turkish studies. The article is of interest to the experts who are involved in Eurasian studies, the history of Russia, the history of Oriental studies, anthropology and ethnography of the Turkish people of Central Asia.peer-reviewe

Influence of the bentonite-containing acrylic humectant composite on the soil microflora

ArticleAcrylic derivative-based superabsorbents are widely used currently in agriculture as the soil conditioners, plant growth regulators, etc. Their usage has a positive effect on the growth and survival of the plants cultivated in the arid regions. However, the effects of hydrophilic acrylic polymers on the soil microbiocenosis still remain unknown. The influence of the moistureabsorbing acrylic acid-based hydrogels with different proportions of bentonite filler was studied on the soil microbiota. N,N-methylenebisacrylamide was used as a crosslinking agent. Acrylic hydrogels were synthesized by radical polymerization in an aqueous medium at a synthesis temperature of 45 °C during 4 hours. The application of hydrogel of the certain concentrations (1.0, 1.5, and 2.5% wt) into the soil did not cause significant changes in the total abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and the length of the fungal mycelium. The CO2 emission rates did not change after and during the application of the hydrogel), which indicated the same level of carbon mineralization in the soil with presence of acrylic bentonite-containing hydrogels. The nitrogen fixation rate decreased on the first day after hydrogel application; after 14 days, it was close to the control values. We assume the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria has though turned to the normal level

Modern trends in teaching english at Comenius university, Bratislava

© 2016 Ibragimova and Martynova.Recent changes in the Russian system of higher linguistic education, introduction of the two level education for future teachers of foreign languages according to the Bologna agreement, alterations to the existing university syllabi necessitate a close study of the international experience in this sphere. Therefore careful evaluation of the best practices of European universities in organizing teaching of English to future teachers of foreign languages at the undergraduate and graduate levels has become significant and crucial. The article aims at systemizing some approaches to the English instruction of future teachers of foreign languages, which are used in Slovakia. It is based on the observations and the module analysis conducted at the Comenius University (Slovakia). The article brings to light some modern methods of teaching English in Slovakia, a country in Eastern Europe which has already passed a long period of transition from a Soviet like system of education to the latest innovations in the EU education policies. The facts and conclusions referred to in the given article can be used in upgrading higher linguistic and teachers’ training education in Russia as well as other countries

Role of Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune inflammatory disease, where the underlying etiological cause remains elusive. Multiple triggering factors have been suggested, including environmental, genetic and gender components. However, underlying infectious triggers to the disease are also suspected. There is an increasing abundance of evidence supporting a viral etiology to MS, including the efficacy of interferon therapy and over-detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids when compared with healthy patients. Several viruses have been proposed as potential triggering agents, including Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, John Cunningham virus and human endogenous retroviruses. These viruses are all near ubiquitous and have a high prevalence in adult populations (or in the case of the retroviruses are actually part of the genome). They can establish lifelong infections with periods of reactivation, which may be linked to the relapsing nature of MS. In this review, the evidence for a role for viral infection in MS will be discussed with an emphasis on immune system activation related to MS disease pathogenesis