CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS FONTES, DOS USOS E DA PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NA TERRA INDÍGENA RIO FORMOSO, EM TANGARÁ DA SERRA/MT

The individual’s perception is tied to their identity, which is woven throughout life and involves all the dimensions of the being. In Indigenous communities, such perception is part of multiple dimensions. Considered the fundamental universal solvent to the existence of all forms of life, water—its quality and quantity—is often the subject of discussions involving problems of modern society. But these debates give little to no emphasis on the quality of water used in traditional and Indigenous communities. This paper reflects on how the indigenous group Haliti in the Rio Formoso Indigenous Land, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, perceive the quality of water. Data were collected by direct observation and the application of questionnaires in four villages. Results show that water quality is perceived from visual appearance (color), olfactory (odor) and palatable (taste) characteristics, ignoring the artificial water treatment methods.La perception de l’individu est liée à son identité, qui se tisse tout au long de la vie et implique toutes les dimensions de l’être. Dans les communautés indigènes, cette perception s’inscrit dans de multiples dimensions. Considérée comme le solvant universel fondamental à l’existence de toute forme de vie, l’eau, sa qualité et quantité, fait souvent l’objet de discussions sur les problèmes de la société moderne. Mais ces débats n’accordent que peu ou pas d’importance à la qualité de l’eau utilisée dans les communautés traditionnelles et indigènes. Cet article se penche sur la façon dont le groupe indigène Haliti dans la Terre Indigène Rio Formoso, à Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, perçoit la qualité de l’eau. Les données ont été collectées par observation directe et à l’aide de questionnaires dans quatre villages. Les résultats montrent que la qualité de l’eau est perçue en fonction de l’aspect visuel (couleur), olfactive (odeur) et agréable au goût (goût), sans tenir compte des méthodes de traitement artificiel de l’eau.A percepção do sujeito está atrelada à sua constituição identitária, que é tecida ao longo da vida e envolve todas as dimensões do ser, e nas comunidades indígenas faz parte de múltiplas dimensões. A água é o solvente universal fundamental para a existência de toda forma de vida e sua qualidade e quantidade são comumente objeto de discussões sobre problemas da sociedade moderna. Mas essas discussões dão pouca ou nenhuma ênfase à qualidade da água utilizada nas comunidades tradicionais e indígenas. A reflexão ocorre no contexto da percepção da qualidade da água no uso cotidiano pelo grupo indígena Haliti na Terra Indígena Rio Formoso, em Tangará da Serra/MT. A pesquisa foi realizada por observação direta e aplicação de formulários em quatro aldeias. Constatou-se que a qualidade da água é percebida a partir da aparência visual (cor), olfativa (odor) e palatável (gosto) e que desconsideram métodos artificiais de tratamento de água

Resistance of progenies of cacao to Ceratocystis wilt

Resistance of progenies of cacao to Ceratocystis wilt Seedlings from open-pollinated progenies of 20 clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) were inoculated with the fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, the causal agent of Ceratocystis wilt, and their response was assessed based on the percentage of dead plants. Open pollinated progeny of clones TSH1188 and VB1151 were used as standards for resistance, while CCN51 and SJ02 for susceptibility. Contrasts between these benchmarks and the progenies studied were estimated and evaluated by Dunnett's t test (alpha = 0.05). The progenies showed different responses to C. cacaofunesta, and it was possible to classify them into three groups: resistant (FCB01, CSG70, BOBA01, VB902, TSH1188, VB1151, PS1319 and MAC01), moderately susceptible (HW25, PM02, FA13, PH15, M05 and BJ11) and susceptible (CCN51, FB206, PH16, SJ02, CCN10 and FSU77)

A Plant Proteinase Inhibitor from Enterolobium contortisiliquum Attenuates Pulmonary Mechanics, Inflammation and Remodeling Induced by Elastase in Mice

Proteinase inhibitors have been associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and may represent a potential therapeutic treatment for emphysema. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a plant Kunitz proteinase inhibitor, Enterolobium contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (EcTI), on several aspects of experimental elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. C57/Bl6 mice were intratracheally administered elastase (ELA) or saline (SAL) and were treated intraperitoneally with EcTI (ELA-EcTI, SAL-EcTI) on days 1, 14 and 21. On day 28, pulmonary mechanics, exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) and number leucocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated. Subsequently, lung immunohistochemical staining was submitted to morphometry. EcTI treatment reduced responses of the mechanical respiratory system, number of cells in the BALF, and reduced tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive cells and volume proportion of isoprostane, collagen and elastic fibers in the airways and alveolar walls compared with the ELA group. EcTI treatment reduced elastase induced pulmonary inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress and mechanical alterations, suggesting that this inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic tool for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Clin Med, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sirio Libanes, Phys Therapy Dept, BR-01308050 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, BR-09972270 Diadema, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, BR-09972270 Diadema, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biosci, BR-09972270 Diadema, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, BR-09972270 Diadema, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Otimizaçao do marcapasso na ressincronizaçao cardíaca: importância da ecocardiografia

A terapia de ressincronizaçao cardíaca (TRC) promove beneficios clínicos para a maior parte dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca refratária secundária a disfunçao ventricular esquerda importante e prolongada conduçao interventricular. Uma programaçao adequada do atraso atrioventricular pode ser também importante para maximizar a resposta da funçao ventricular esquerda. Vários métodos Doppler-ecocardiográficos têm sido relatados como de grande utilidade para determinaçao do intervalo atrioventricular (IAV) ideal. Esta revisao abordará os vários parâmetros Doppler-ecocardiográficos utilizados na programaçao do IAV ótimo em pacientes submetidos a TRC

Otimizaçao do marcapasso na ressincronizaçao cardíaca: importância da ecocardiografia

A terapia de ressincronizaçao cardíaca (TRC) promove beneficios clínicos para a maior parte dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca refratária secundária a disfunçao ventricular esquerda importante e prolongada conduçao interventricular. Uma programaçao adequada do atraso atrioventricular pode ser também importante para maximizar a resposta da funçao ventricular esquerda. Vários métodos Doppler-ecocardiográficos têm sido relatados como de grande utilidade para determinaçao do intervalo atrioventricular (IAV) ideal. Esta revisao abordará os vários parâmetros Doppler-ecocardiográficos utilizados na programaçao do IAV ótimo em pacientes submetidos a TRC

Fatores de risco na transmissão e soroprevalência da infecção de Chlamydophila abortus a ovinos e caprinos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the risk factors involved in the transmission of Chlamydophila abortus to sheep and goats, as well as to verify the seroprevalence of the infection. One hundred ten farms were selected, with a total of 500 sheep samples – 350 from the Microregion of Alto Médio Gurgueia (MRAMG), and 150 from the Homogeneous Microregion of Teresina (MRHT), both in the state of Piauí, Brazil – and 600 goat samples – 300 of the MRAMG and 300 of the MRHT. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to identify the main risk factors. Anti‑C. abortus antibodies were detected by the complement fixation technique. Overall prevalence of infection by C. abortus was 7.2% (79/1,100). The prevalence in goats and sheep in the MRAMG was 7.9% (51/650), and in the MRHT it was 6.2% (28/450). In the studied microregions, the prevalence in sheep was 8.2% (41/500), and in goats it was 6.3% (38/600). The raising system, reproductive practices, and racial type were significant risk factors for infection in sheep. Also significant in goats were the reproductive practices and the origin of the does and bucks. The Dorper breed shows increased susceptibility to infection with C. abortus.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os fatores de risco envolvidos na transmissão de Chlamydophila abortus a ovinos e caprinos, bem como verificar a soroprevalência da infecção. Foram selecionadas 110 propriedades, com um total de 500 amostras de ovinos – 350 da Microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia (MRAMG) e 150 da Microrregião Homogênea de Teresina (MRHT), ambas do Estado do Piauí – e 600 amostras de caprinos – 300 da MRAMG e 300 da MRHT. Um questionário epidemiológico foi empregado para identificar os principais fatores de risco. Os anticorpos anti‑C. abortus foram detectados pela técnica de fixação de complemento. A prevalência geral da infecção por C. abortus foi de 7,2% (79/1.100). A prevalência em caprinos e ovinos na MRAMG foi de 7,9% (51/650) e, na MRHT, foi de 6,2% (28/450). Nas microrregiões estudadas, a prevalência em ovinos foi de 8,2% (41/500) e, em caprinos, de 6,3% (38/600). O sistema de criação, as práticas reprodutivas e o tipo racial foram fatores de risco relevantes para a infecção em ovinos. Também foram relevantes em caprinos as práticas reprodutivas e a origem das matrizes e dos reprodutores. A raça Dorper apresenta maior suscetibilidade à infecção por C. abortus

Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in BALB/c Mice Induced by Leishmania amazonensis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis remains both a public health and a therapeutic challenge. To date, no ideal therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis has been identified, and no universally accepted therapeutic regimen and approved vaccines are available. Due to the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) immunomodulatory capacity, they have been applied in a wide variety of disorders, including infectious, inflammatory, and allergic diseases. We evaluated the potential effects of bone marrow MSC therapy in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In vitro, coculture of infected macrophages with MSC increased parasite load on macrophages in comparison with controls (macrophages without MSCs). In vivo, BALB/c mice were infected with 2 × 106Leishmania amazonensis (Josefa strain) promastigotes in the footpad. 7 and 37 days after infection, animals were treated with 1 × 105 MSCs, either intralesional (i.l.), i.e., in the same site of infection, or intravenously (i.v.), through the external jugular vein. Control animals received the same volume (50 µL) of phosphate-buffered saline by i.l. or i.v. routes. The lesion progression was assessed by its thickness measured by pachymetry. Forty-two days after infection, animals were euthanized and parasite burden in the footpad and in the draining lymph nodes was quantified by the limiting dilution assay (LDA), and spleen cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry. No significant difference was observed in lesion progression, regardless of the MSC route of administration. However, animals treated with i.v. MSCs presented a significant increase in parasite load in comparison with controls. On the other hand, no harmful effect due to MSCs i.l. administered was observed. The spleen cellular profile analysis showed an increase of IL-10 producing T CD4+ and TCD8+ cells in the spleen only in mice treated with i.v. MSC. The excessive production of IL-10 could be associated with the disease-aggravating effects of MSC therapy when intravenously administered. As a conclusion, in the current murine model of L. amazonensis-induced cutaneous disease, MSCs did not control the damage of cutaneous disease and, depending on the administration route, it could result in deleterious effects

O registro dos limites da cidade: imagens da várzea do Carmo no século XIX

Este trabalho debruça-se sobre a iconografia paulistana do século XIX, em suas pinturas, aquarelas e litografias. Partindo da constatação da existência de um privilegiamento das áreas dos arredores do centro nas representações da cidade, especificamente uma região, a várzea do Carmo, e dessa permanência ainda na virada do século, quando a cidade sofre um processo de urbanização e crescimento grande, e a fotografia já está registrando as áreas centrais, quisemos investigar os sentidos dessas representações, tanto a presença desse espaço - a várzea do Carmo - no imaginário da época (cronistas, legisladores, memorialistas), quanto as imagens da cidade que estão sendo produzidas a partir desse ângulo de registro. Escolhemos analisar algumas imagens dessa região, concentrando-nos no final do século, contrapondo com outros discursos produzidos sobre a área por cronistas, jornalistas e memorialistas, na tentativa de entender um pouco mais a sociedade que as produziu

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio