25,910 research outputs found
The first analytical expression to estimate photometric redshifts suggested by a machine
We report the first analytical expression purely constructed by a machine to
determine photometric redshifts () of galaxies. A simple and
reliable functional form is derived using galaxies from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (SDSS-DR10) spectroscopic sample. The method
automatically dropped the and bands, relying only on , and
for the final solution. Applying this expression to other SDSS-DR10
galaxies, with measured spectroscopic redshifts (), we achieved a
mean and a scatter when averaged up to . The method was
also applied to the PHAT0 dataset, confirming the competitiveness of our
results when faced with other methods from the literature. This is the first
use of symbolic regression in cosmology, representing a leap forward in
astronomy-data-mining connection.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
Curved Graphene Nanoribbons: Structure and Dynamics of Carbon Nanobelts
Carbon nanoribbons (CNRs) are graphene (planar) structures with large aspect
ratio. Carbon nanobelts (CNBs) are small graphene nanoribbons rolled up into
spiral-like structures, i. e., carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) with large aspect
ratio. In this work we investigated the energetics and dynamical aspects of
CNBs formed from rolling up CNRs. We have carried out molecular dynamics
simulations using reactive empirical bond-order potentials. Our results show
that similarly to CNSs, CNBs formation is dominated by two major energy
contribution, the increase in the elastic energy due to the bending of the
initial planar configuration (decreasing structural stability) and the
energetic gain due to van der Waals interactions of the overlapping surface of
the rolled layers (increasing structural stability). Beyond a critical diameter
value these scrolled structures can be even more stable (in terms of energy)
than their equivalent planar configurations. In contrast to CNSs that require
energy assisted processes (sonication, chemical reactions, etc.) to be formed,
CNBs can be spontaneously formed from low temperature driven processes. Long
CNBs (length of 30.0 nm) tend to exhibit self-folded racket-like
conformations with formation dynamics very similar to the one observed for long
carbon nanotubes. Shorter CNBs will be more likely to form perfect scrolled
structures. Possible synthetic routes to fabricate CNBs from graphene membranes
are also addressed
Impacto da Vacinação Contra Hemophilus Influenza Tipo b na Incidência de Meningite no EspÃrito Santo.
Em julho de 1999 uma vacina conjugada contra o Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib) começou a ser utilizada em crianças no Estado do EspÃrito Santo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da vacinação na incidência da meningite causada pelo Hib foram utilizados dados da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SESA, ES) e feito um levantamento dos casos ocorridos entre 1993 e 2004. Do total de 406 casos de meningite Hib ocorridos no perÃodo, foram estudados os 359 casos ocorridos em crianças com menos de 5 anos, especificando os menores de 1 ano e a faixa de 1 a 4 anos. No ano 2000 o Estado contava com 77 municÃpios, 3.097.232 habitantes e 284.436 crianças com menos de 5 anos, segundo o Instituto de Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (IBGE). Os coeficientes foram calculados para 100.000 habitantes por faixa etária. Considerou-se como pré-vacinal o perÃodo entre 1993 e 1999 e como pós-vacinal o perÃodo entre 2000 e 2004. A Vacina foi aplicada aos 2, 4 e 6 meses, sem reforço no primeiro ano de vida e em dose única no segundo ano. Os resultados mostraram que nos municÃpios com maior número de crianças menores de 5 anos a média de incidência no perÃodo pré-vacinal foi maior que o dobro da média de incidência nos municÃpios com menor número de crianças naquela faixa etária (12,54 e 4,13 respectivamente). Do perÃodo pré-vacinal para o pós-vacinal, a média de coeficientes nos menores de 1 ano declinou de 50,57 para 4,88 (p= 0,003), e na faixa de 1 a 4 anos declinou de 8,43 para 0,86 (p= 0,003). O sexo predominante foi o masculino (54,87%). Não foi observada predominância estatÃstica na distribuição sazonal dos casos. A letalidade nos menores de 5 anos foi 15,59%. Detalhada por faixa etária, a letalidade mostrou 19,81% nos menores de 1 ano e 9,52% na faixa de 1 a 4 anos. Concluiu-se que houve grande impacto da vacinação na incidência de meningite Hib em menores de 1 ano e também nas crianças de 1 a 4 anos, determinando importante mudança dos coeficientes nas faixas avaliadas e também no percentual de participação de outras idades. O declÃnio surpreendente e rápido dos coeficientes nas crianças de 1 a 4 anos sugeriu forte evidência da ocorrência do efeito de imunidade de massa. 0bservou-se também grande alteração no percentual de casos por faixa etária após a vacinação. Os maiores de 5 anos que representavam 8,71% dos casos, no perÃodo pré-vacinal, passaram a representar 38,46% dos casos no perÃodo pós-vacinal. Os 47 casos ocorridos em maiores de 5 anos não foram objeto desta dissertação, sendo abordados somente nas considerações finais
BRESEX: On board supervision, basic architecture and preliminary aspects for payload and space shuttle interface
Data relative to the on board supervision subsystem are presented which were considered in a conference between INPE and NASA personnel, with the purpose of initiating a joint effort leading to the implementation of the Brazilian remote sensing experiment - (BRESEX). The BRESEX should consist, basically, of a multispectral camera for Earth observation, to be tested in a future space shuttle flight
Using gamma regression for photometric redshifts of survey galaxies
Machine learning techniques offer a plethora of opportunities in tackling big
data within the astronomical community. We present the set of Generalized
Linear Models as a fast alternative for determining photometric redshifts of
galaxies, a set of tools not commonly applied within astronomy, despite being
widely used in other professions. With this technique, we achieve catastrophic
outlier rates of the order of ~1%, that can be achieved in a matter of seconds
on large datasets of size ~1,000,000. To make these techniques easily
accessible to the astronomical community, we developed a set of libraries and
tools that are publicly available.Comment: Refereed Proceeding of "The Universe of Digital Sky Surveys"
conference held at the INAF - Observatory of Capodimonte, Naples, on
25th-28th November 2014, to be published in the Astrophysics and Space
Science Proceedings, edited by Longo, Napolitano, Marconi, Paolillo, Iodice,
6 pages, and 1 figur
Qualitative understanding of the sign of t' asymmetry in the extended t-J Model and relevance for pairing properties
Numerical calculations illustrate the effect of the sign of the next
nearest-neighbor hopping term t' on the 2-hole properties of the t-t'-J model.
Working mainly on 2-leg ladders, in the -1.0 < t'/t < 1.0 regime, it is shown
that introducing t' in the t-J model is equivalent to effectively renormalizing
J, namely t' negative (positive) is equivalent to an effective t-J model with
smaller (bigger) J. This effect is present even at the level of a 2x2 plaquette
toy model, and was observed also in calculations on small square clusters.
Analyzing the transition probabilities of a hole-pair in the plaquette toy
model, it is argued that the coherent propagation of such hole-pair is enhanced
by a constructive interference between both t and t' for t'>0. This
interference is destructive for t'<0.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PRB as a Rapid Communicatio
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