End-User Development (EUD) : desenvolvimento pelo usuário final: conceitos, estratégias e casos de adoção : relatório de pesquisa

Pesquisa realizada com financiamento do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, Projeto de Cooperação “Aprimoramento do Framework de Soluções de Tecnologia da Informação”.Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicaçõe

Desenvolvimento descentralizado por meio de End-User Development : avaliação tecnológica : relatório de pesquisa

Pesquisa realizada com financiamento do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, Projeto de Cooperação “Aprimoramento do Framework de Soluções de Tecnologia da Informação”. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicaçõe

Cognitive effects of the progressive exercise test in electricians wearing personal protective equipment.

Objetivo: verificar o efeito do esfor?o f?sico sobre as fun??es cognitivas de trabalhadores eletricistas utilizando equipamento de prote??o individual (EPI). M?todos: participaram 28 eletricistas que trabalhavam na constru??o, manuten??o e opera??o de redes de distribui??o de energia. Todos do sexo masculino, sadios e aptos para a pr?tica de exerc?cios f?sicos. As fun??es cognitivas foram representadas pelo teste de rea??o simples (TRS) e pelo n?vel de vigil?ncia mental (NVM). O TRS e o NVM foram mensurados pr? e p?s- -teste m?ximo progressivo, em esteira rolante, a 27 ?C de temperatura seca e umidade relativa do ar de 64%. O teste consistiu em aumentos progressivos na velocidade e na inclina??o da esteira at? a fadiga, com utiliza??o de EPI. Resultados: a m?dia (desvio padr?o) do TRS n?o foi significativamente diferente antes, 227,8 (35,1) ms, e ap?s o exerc?cio, 220,6 (24,6) ms. O NVM foi significativamente maior ap?s o exerc?cio em todas as situa??es: frequ?ncia crescente ? 36,5 (5,1) Hz vs 39,5 (2,7) Hz, frequ?ncia decrescente ? 36,0 (5,2) vs 39,0 (3,88) Hz, e frequ?ncia geral ? 36,2 (4,9) vs 39,2 (3,1) Hz. Conclus?o: o exerc?cio progressivo m?ximo realizado com EPI n?o modificou o tempo de rea??o simples e aumentou o n?vel de vigil?ncia mental de eletricistas.Objective: to verify the effects of physical effort on the cognitive functions of electricians wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods: 28 electricians participated. They worked on the construction, maintenance and operation of electrical power distribution networks. All were male, healthy and able to practice physical exercises. The cognitive functions were checked by measuring simple reaction time (SRT) and mental alertness level (MAL). SRT and MAL were measured before and after progressive maximal exercise, on a treadmill, at 27 ?C dry temperature and 64% relative humidity, wearing PPE. The test consisted of progressive increases in treadmill speed and incline, until fatigue. Results: SRT mean difference was not significantly different before ? 227.8 (35.1) ms ? and after exercising ?220.6 (24.6) ms. MAL was significantly higher after exercise in all situations: increasing frequency - 36.5 (5.1) Hz vs. 39.5 (2.7) Hz; decreasing frequency-36.0 (5.2) Hz vs. 39.0 (3.88) Hz; and general frequency 36.2 (4.9) Hz vs. 39.2 (3.1) Hz. Conclusion: progressive maximal exercise performed while wearing PPE caused no change in simple reaction time, and increased electricians? mental alertness level

Renal tubular dysfunction in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Renal dysfunction seen in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been attributed to the use of antimonials for treatment. To determine whether ACL itself causes tubular dysfunction, we measured renal function in 37 patients with ACL prior to their treatment and compared results to that in 10 healthy volunteers of similar mean age. None of the patients presented with glomerular dysfunction; however, 27 had a urinary concentrating defect. There was no statistical difference between groups in the pre- and post-desmopressin test of urine osmolality, but the post-test urine osmolality of the controls was significantly higher. Urinary AQP2 levels, determined by western blot of isolated exosomes, were found to be significantly lower in patients than in controls, whereas that of the cotransporter (NKCC2) was significantly higher. A urinary acidification defect (post-test pH greater than 5.50 following calcium chloride) was found in 15 patients. Pretest plasma bicarbonate was below normal in 12 patients as was the pretest plasma pH in 14. Expression of the Na/H exchanger (NHE3), H+-ATPase, and pendrin were all significantly higher in patients with ACL than in controls. A combined urinary concentration and acidification defect was found in 12 patients. Thus, the urinary concentrating defect of ACL may be caused by decreased AQP2, with increased NKCC2 compensatory. Pendrin upregulation may be related to the urinary acidification defect with increased NHE3 and H+-ATPase also compensatory. Hence, ACL can cause asymptomatic renal tubular dysfunction

Analysis of physical performance in children of seven to ten years old.

Capacidade f?sica ? o termo utilizado para agrupar as capacidades for?a, velocidade, resist?ncia, flexibilidade e coordena??o. O desempenho f?sico de crian?as ? preocupa??o permanente entre os especialistas da ?rea da sa?de. Esse interesse justifica-se j? que a atividade f?sica desempenha importante papel na preven??o de doen?as e melhoria da capacidade funcional. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as capacidades f?sicas em crian?as de ambos os sexos. Ap?s consentimento por escrito dos pais, participaram do estudo 232 crian?as de ambos os sexos entre as idades de sete e 10 anos. A capacidade f?sica foi avaliada utilizando-se os testes de sentar e alcan?ar, resist?ncia abdominal, salto horizontal e corrida de 30 metros. Foi utilizado ANOVA two way e post hoc de Tukey para compara??o das vari?veis entre as idades e o sexo. O n?vel de signific?ncia foi de 5%. A flexibilidade n?o foi modificada pela idade e sexo. O salto horizontal e o n?mero de abdominais foram maiores nos meninos comparados ?s meninas e nas idades de 10, nove e oito anos comparados a idade de sete anos. O tempo para percorrer 30 m foi menor nos meninos comparado ?s meninas, sendo que a idade de 10 anos apresentou valores menores comparado as demais idades e as idades de nove e oito anos demonstraram menores valores comparado a idade de sete anos. De modo geral, os meninos apresentam melhor desempenho f?sico comparado ?s meninas na faixa et?ria avaliada. A idade de sete anos parece representar um per?odo de transi??o no desempenho f?sico.Physical performance is the term used to group strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and coordination capacities. The physical performance in the children is concern among experts in the field of health. This interest justified because physical activity can prevent illness and increase functional capacity. The aim of present study was assessment physical capacity in children of both sex, boys and girls. After consent of parents, concerns of study 232 children among seven and 10 years-old of both sexes. The performance motor was assessment using sit-and-reach, horizontal jump, abdominal endurance and 30 meters tests run. ANOVA Two-way and Tukey post hoc was used to compared variables among sex and ages. The significant level was 5%. Flexibility did not differ among ages and sex. The horizontal jump distance and abdominals number were higher in male group compared to the female group and eight, nine and 10 years-old were higher compared to seven years-old. The abdominals number was higher in male group compared to female group and eight, nine and 10 years-old are higher compared to seven years-old. The time to going 30 meters was small in the male group compared to female group and running time was small in the 10 years-old compared to other ages and the nine and eight years-old was small than seven years-old. In general, the boys presented better performance than girls in the ages assessment. The age seven years-old apparent represented a period of transition in the physical performance

Efeitos do cabelo da cabe?a humana no desempenho e na resposta termorregulat?ria durante a corrida de 10 km ao ar livre em homens saud?veis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of human head hair on performance and thermoregulatory responses during 10-km outdoor running in healthy men. Twelve healthy males (29.5 ? 3.7 years, 174.9 ? 4.3 cm, 72.7 ? 3.2 kg and VO2max 44.6 ? 3.4 ml.kg-1.min-1) participated in two self-paced outdoor 10-km running trials separated by 7 days: 1) HAIR, subjects ran with their natural head hair; 2) NOHAIR, subjects ran after their hair had been totally shaved. Average running velocity was calculated from each 2-km running time. Rectal temperature, heart rate and physiological strain index were measured before and after the 10-km runs and at the end of each 2 km. The rate of heat storage was measured every 2 km. The environmental stress (WBGT) was measured every 10 min. The running velocity (10.9 ? 1 and 10.9 ? 1.1 km.h-1), heart rate (183 ? 10 and 180 ? 12 bpm), rectal temperature (38.82 ? 0.29 and 38.81 ? 0.49oC), physiological strain index (9 ? 1 and 9 ? 1), or heat storage rate (71.9 ? 64.1 and 80.7 ? 56.7 W.m-1) did not differ between the HAIR and NOHAIR conditions, respectively (p>0.05). There was no difference in WBGT between the HAIR and NOHAIR conditions (24.0 ? 1.4 and 23.2 ? 1.5?C, respectively; p=0.10). The results suggest that shaved head hair does not alter running velocity or thermoregulatory responses during 10-km running under the sun.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do cabelo da cabe?a humana no desempenho e na resposta termorregulat?ria durante 10 km de corrida ao ar livre em homens saud?veis. Doze saud?vel do sexo masculino (29,5 ? 3,7 anos, 174,9 ? 4,3 cm, 72,7 ? 3,2 kg e VO2m?x 44,6 ? 3,4 ml.kg-1.min-1) participaram de 2 corridas de 10km separadas por 7 dias de intervalo em ritmo auto regulado: 1) HAIR- volunt?rios correram com seus cabelos intactos, 2) NOHAIR- volunt?rios correrram ap?s terem seus cabelos totalmente raspado. A velocidade m?dia da corrida foi calculada a cada s?rie de 2 km. Temperatura retal, freq??ncia card?aca e ?ndice de estresse fisiol?gico foram medidos antes e depois dos 10 km da corrida e no fim de cada 2 km. Taxa de armazenamento de calor foi medida a cada 2 km. Al?m disso, o estresse ambiental (WBGT) foi medido a cada 10 min. A velocidade de corrida (10,9 ? 1 e 10,9 ? 1,1 km.h-1), freq??ncia card?aca (183 ? 10 e 180 ? 12 bpm), temperatura retal (38,82 ? 0,29 e 38,81 ? 0,49oC), ?ndice estresse fisiol?gico (9 ? 1 e 9 ? 1) e taxa de armazenamento de calor (71,9 ? 64,1 e 80,7 ? 56,7 Wm-1), n?o foi diferente entre as situa??es HAIR e NOHAIR, respectivamente (p>0,05). N?o houve diferen?a no WBGT entre HAIR e NOHAIR (24,0 ? 1.4? C e 23,2 ? 1,5? C, respectivamente; p=0,10). Os resultados sugerem que raspar o cabelo da cabe?a n?o altera a velocidade da corrida e as respostas termorregulat?rias durante 10 km de corrida sob o sol

Theoretical and practical approach of spirituality in institutionalized patients.

A rela??o entre medicina e espiritualidade ? alvo de estudos da atualidade, cujos resultados evidenciam associa??o positiva com comportamentos saud?veis. No entanto, h? uma lacuna de tal abordagem na forma??o em sa?de. O presente projeto de extens?o objetiva construir com estudantes de medicina substrato te?rico e viv?ncias pr?ticas na abordagem da espiritualidade de pacientes institucionalizados atrav?s de question?rios validados como o FICA. As interven??es com as atividades registradas e discutidas com os professores visam ofertar cuidado humanizado e valorizar a integralidade dos sujeitos. A an?lise qualitativa dos dados revelou aus?ncia de abordagem pr?via da espiritualidade dos pacientes, cuja maioria manifestou interesse nessa interven??o. ? relevante para o m?dico saber o momento e a forma adequada dessa abordagem visando ? singularidade de cada caso.The relationship between medicine and spirituality is subject of current studies, whose results show a positive association with healthy behaviors. However, there is a lack of such approach in healthcare education. The objectives of this extension project were to build together with medical students theoretical and practical experiences in approaching the spirituality of institutionalized patients through validated questionnaires, such as FICA. The interventions with the activities record and discussion with professors aim to offer humanized care and to value the integrality of these individuals. Qualitative data analysis revealed a lack of previous approach to the spirituality of the patients, whom (most of them) expressed interest in this intervention. It is relevant for the physician to know the timing and appropriate way of this approach aiming at the uniqueness of each case

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Algorithms to predict cerebral malaria in murine models using the SHIRPA protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Plasmodium berghei </it>ANKA infection in C57Bl/6 mice induces cerebral malaria (CM), which reproduces, to a large extent, the pathological features of human CM. However, experimental CM incidence is variable (50-100%) and the period of incidence may present a range as wide as 6-12 days post-infection. The poor predictability of which and when infected mice will develop CM can make it difficult to determine the causal relationship of early pathological changes and outcome. With the purpose of contributing to solving these problems, algorithms for CM prediction were built.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy-eight <it>P. berghei</it>-infected mice were daily evaluated using the primary SHIRPA protocol. Mice were classified as CM+ or CM- according to development of neurological signs on days 6-12 post-infection. Logistic regression was used to build predictive models for CM based on the results of SHIRPA tests and parasitaemia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall CM incidence was 54% occurring on days 6-10. Some algorithms had a very good performance in predicting CM, with the area under the receiver operator characteristic (_auROC) curve ≥ 80% and positive predictive values (PV+) ≥ 95, and correctly predicted time of death due to CM between 24 and 72 hours before development of the neurological syndrome (_auROC = 77-93%; PV+ = 100% using high cut off values). Inclusion of parasitaemia data slightly improved algorithm performance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These algorithms work with data from a simple, inexpensive, reproducible and fast protocol. Most importantly, they can predict CM development very early, estimate time of death, and might be a valuable tool for research using CM murine models.</p