Validation of Chronocancer camilosantanai† Santana, Tavares, Martins, Melo & Pinheiro (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Romualdo Formation, Araripe Sedimentary Basin, Brazil

Santana et al. (2022) described a new genus and species of fossil crab, Chronocancer camilosantanai, from carbonate concretions of the Romualdo Formation of the Araripe Sedimentary Basin. The journal in which the description appeared was published online only and the new name did not include a ZooBank registration number (LSID), as required for validation of new names in electronic-only publications. The present note serves to validate the name Chronocancer camilosantanai by fulfilling the ICZN conditions for nomenclatural availability. The date and authorship of the specific name, accordingly, are those of this note, not Santana et al. (2022)

Elemental signatures of an Amazonian Dark Earth as result of its formation process

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are soils studied for archaeological purposes and as a potentially agricultural model for the humid tropic. We investigated the chemical composition of an ADE in comparison to an adjacent Ultisol without anthropic influence for better understanding the origin of ADE fertility and formation process. Three hundred ADE and Ultisol samples were collected at 10 cm depths from 0 to 100 cm soil profiles on the Caldeirão site at the Solimões River, Brazil and analyzed for elemental composition in an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Results showed significantly increased concentrations of P, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Ba, Zn, Sr, Cu, Rb, Ni, Li, Cd, Cs, Co, Tl, and Be and reduced concentrations of Se along the ADE profile relative to the control Ultisol. Additionally, it was also detected reduced concentrations of Al, U, and V in ADE superficial layers. Elemental enrichment factors in ADE varied from 1.6 to 15.9 times and the enriched elements have mostly been associated with organic residues. Besides the common elements used to characterize ADE sites, our results have shown altered concentrations of other uncommon elements (Al, Be, Cd, Cs, Li, Se, Tl, U, and V) that can be also used to unveil ADE sites and differentiate them from Amazonian soils without anthropic influence

Micronutrient availability in amazonian dark earths and adjacent soils

Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are highly fertile soils in areas with predominance of unfertile soils. However, the variation in nutrient availability between regions and the resilience of ADEs to modern agricultural use is still little known, particularly regarding micronutrient contents. Hence, the present study synthesized current information of ADE impacts on extractable micronutrient (Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, B) contents at different soil depths and assessed in detail the role of both soil depth and land-use type on extractable Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn and Zn in nine ADEs and adjacent (ADJ) soils from different Amazonian regions. The land-use systems chosen were secondary old (OF) or young (YF) forests, and agricultural systems (AS) in Iranduba, Belterra and Porto Velho. Only eight studies compared extractable (Mehlich-1) micronutrient contents at 21 sites with ADEs and ADJ soils, but only four studies included depths greater than 30 cm, and B and Ni were evaluated in only one study. Higher Mn and Zn, but lower Fe contents were found in ADEs both from literature data and in the present study, especially in the first 30 cm depth. Increases in extractable Ni and Cu in ADEs varied according to the site and the land use considered. Micronutrient contents tended to decrease with depth, but varied depending on the element, site, soil type and land use. Sites with modern agriculture showed few differences in extractable micronutrient contents, except for a decrease in Fe in Belterra and Mn in Porto Velho. Considering the high amounts of some micro- and macronutrients in ADEs further work is warranted concerning soil management and nutrient balance in plants grown on these soils

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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Caso para diagnóstico Case for diagnosis

Fibromatose hialina juvenil e hialinose sistêmica infantil são desordens autossômicas recessivas, raras da infância. À histologia, há depósito de material hialino na derme e subcutâneo. As características clínicas principais são: lesões pápulo-nodulares, hipertrofia gengival, contratura articular, lesões ósseas osteolíticas e retardo no crescimento. Mutações no mesmo gene foram identificadas nas duas condições, sugerindo que sejam espectros da mesma doença.<br>Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis are rare autossomal recessive disorders with onset in infancy or early childhood. Histological examination shows deposit of hyaline material in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Clinical features include papulonodular skin lesions, gingival hypertrophy, flexion contractures of joints, osteolytic bone lesions and stunted growth. Mutations in the same gene were detected in both conditions, suggesting that they may be variants of the same disorder

A new hypothesis for the origin of Amazonian Dark Earths.

Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are unusually fertile soils characterised by elevated concentrations of microscopic charcoal particles, which confer their distinctive colouration. Frequent occurrences of pre-Columbian artefacts at ADE sites led to their ubiquitous classification as Anthrosols (soils of anthropic origin). However, it remains unclear how indigenous peoples created areas of high fertility in one of the most nutrient-impoverished environments on Earth. Here, we report new data from a well-studied ADE site&nbsp;in the Brazilian&nbsp;Amazon, which compel us to reconsider its anthropic origin. The amounts of phosphorus and calcium-two of the least abundant macronutrients in the region-are orders of magnitude higher in ADE profiles than in the surrounding soil. The elevated levels of phosphorus and calcium,&nbsp;which are&nbsp;often&nbsp;interpreted as evidence&nbsp;of human activity at other sites, correlate spatially with trace elements that&nbsp;indicate exogenous mineral sources rather than in situ deposition. Stable isotope ratios of neodymium, strontium, and radiocarbon activity of microcharcoal particles also&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;exogenous inputs from alluvial deposition of carbon and mineral elements to ADE profiles, &nbsp;beginning several thousands of years&nbsp;before the earliest evidence of soil management for plant cultivation&nbsp;in the region. Our data suggest that indigenous peoples harnessed natural processes of landscape formation, which led to the unique properties of ADEs, but were not responsible for their genesis. If corroborated elsewhere, this hypothesis would transform our understanding of human influence in Amazonia, opening new frontiers for the sustainable use of tropical landscapes going forward

Amazonian Dark Earths [Dataset]

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