Processing Verbal Inflection in Native and Non-Native Spanish

The role of morphological complexity in visual word recognition has recently been studied in detail both with native speakers and second language (L2) learners. The present study investigates how morphologically complex words (such as walk-walked) are processed by native speakers of Spanish and English learners of Spanish as an L2. Moreover, the study examines factors such as proficiency and lexical decoding ability to see whether they can predict individual variability in the sensitivity that L2 learners show to morphological information. Subjects participated in two experiments, a lexical decision task (using a long-lag priming experiment), and a gating task, in order to assess their lexical decoding ability. Results show that native speakers of Spanish can decompose inflected verbs into their constituents, while L2 learners need to rely more on whole word storage in order to process the same forms. Furthermore, neither proficiency nor decoding ability were found to be related to individual differences in morphological processing in the learner group. These results suggest that native speakers and L2 learners rely on different mechanisms in order to process inflectional morphology

A rheological characterization of mashed potatoes enriched with soy protein isolate

The effect of the addition of soy protein isolate (SPI) (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 g kg ) on viscoelastic properties, large deformation measurements and microstructure of fresh (FM) and frozen/thawed (F/TM) mashed potatoes was investigated. Rheological data showed weak gel behaviour for both FM and F/TM potatoes without and with added SPI together with a signi?cant decrease of system viscoelasticity (G and G ) with increasing SPI volume fraction, primarily attributed to the no interaction between the amylose/amylopectine matrix and the dispersed SPI particles or aggregates as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Micrographs also showed that SPI formed white coarse aggregates. A freeze/thaw cycle produced a more signi?cant decrease in viscoelastic functions, due to superior aggregation of denatured SPI and reduced water activity. In F/TM samples, high correlations between small and large deformation measurements were found. Results may be useful for technological applications in SPI-enriched

Temperature induced structural changes in even-odd nylons with long polymethylene segments

Structural transitions of nylons 8 9 and 12 9 heating and cooling processes were investigated using calorimetric, spectroscopic during and real time X-ray diffraction data. These even-odd nylons had three polymorphic forms related to structures where hydrogen bonds were established in two planar directions. Heating processes showed a first structural transition at low temperature where the two strong reflections related to the packing mode of the low temperature structure (form I) disappeared instead of moving together and merging into a single reflection, as observed for conventional even-even nylons. The high temperature structure corresponded to a typical pseudohexagonal packing (form III) attained after the named Brill transition temperature. Structural transitions were not completely reversible since an intermediate structure (form II) became clearly predominant at room temperature in subsequent cooling processes. A single spherulitic morphology with negative birefringence and a flat-on edge-on lamellar disposition was obtained when the two studied polyamides crystallized from the melt state. Kinetic analyses indicated that both nylons crystallized according to a single regime and a thermal nucleation. Results also pointed out a secondary nucleation constant for nylon 12 9 higher than that for nylon 8 9, suggesting greater difficulty in crystallizing when the amide content decreased. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2494–2506Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Coloquialismos latinoamericanos en la clase de E/LE

En este taller identificaremos algunos de los rasgos principales que caracterizan el español coloquial latinoamericano y cómo estos se pueden incorporar en la clase de E/LE. Las actividades aquí presentadas se pueden incluir de manera individual en un curso de E/LE o como un conjunto de tareas relacionadas. Las actividades se diseñaron para un grupo de estudiantes norteamericanos de un nivel intermedio/alto (B2) en E/LE. Las tareas que presentaremos se han desarrollado asumiendo los siguiente: (1) el instructor de E/LE es un mediador que debe asistir en el proceso de la adquisición de la lengua de los estudiantes, por medio de la explicación de conceptos y facilitando actividades e información que ayuden a los estudiantes llegar a las conclusiones correctas. (2) Los aprendices son responsables de su propia adquisición de la lengua por lo que se espera altos niveles de iniciativa departe de ellos. Las actividades serán intercaladas con sesiones explicativas con el fin de que los estudiantes sepan en concreto los rasgos que deben buscar al analizar textos coloquiales

La implicación del colectivo femenino en los cultos indígenas y latinos del Conventus Bracaraugustanus.

110 Jan.-Dez. 2000, p. 165-186

Tracking Bilingual Activation in the Processing and Production of Spanish Stress

Language bias and proficiency have been proposed to modulate cross-language activation, but it is unclear how they operate and whether they interact. This study sheds light on these questions by investigating whether stress differences between Spanish-English cognates (material, final-syllable stress in Spanish) affect how first-language(L1)-Spanish second-language-(L2)-English and L1-English L2-Spanish bilinguals recognize Spanish words (materia ‘subject/matter,’ second-syllable stress in Spanish). In two eye-tracking experiments and a production experiment, participants heard or produced trisyllabic Spanish targets with second-syllable stress (materia) and saw four orthographic words, including the target and a Spanish-English cognate competitor. Cross-language activation was examined by manipulating the English cognate stress; in comprehension, English cognates with the same stress as the Spanish target (target: materia, competitor: material) were predicted to cause more cross-language interference than non-cognates (e.g., target: asado ‘roasted,’ competitor: asador ‘rotisserie’) and than English cognates with a different stress (target: litera ‘bunk bed,’ competitor: literal;); in production, cognates with a different stress were instead predicted to cause cross-language interference. Experiment 1 was in Spanish; Experiment 2 was in Spanish and English, and participants were assigned to Spanish-bias or English-bias condition; Experiment 3 was a production version of Experiment 2. Second-language (L2) proficiency was assessed with cloze tests and LexTALEs. In Experiment 1, neither group showed interference from English stress. In Experiment 2, only the L1-English bilinguals showed interference from English stress, and they did so only in the English-bias condition, with this effect decreasing with increasing Spanish proficiency. In Experiment 3, both groups showed interference from English stress, but this effect was modulated by language bias only for the L1-English group. These findings indicate that cross-language interference is more likely to emerge when the unintended language is the L1, when listeners are biased towards hearing the L1, and when L2 proficiency in the intended language is lower

Oligomeric enteral nutrition in undernutrition, due to oncology treatment-related diarrhea. Systematic review and proposal of an algorithm of action

Oncology treatment-related diarrhea and malnutrition appear together in oncological patients because of the disease itself, or the treatments that are administered for it. Therefore it is essential to carry out a nutritional treatment. Enteral nutrition formulas, containing peptides and medium chain triglycerides, can facilitate absorption in cases of malabsorption. There are few references to the use of enteral nutrition in the clinical society guidelines of patient management with oncology treatment-related diarrhea (OTRD). A bibliographic review of the studies with oligomeric enteral nutrition in OTRD found only nine studies with chemotherapy (all with the same oligomeric formula in which oral mucositis improves, while the rest of the outcomes show different results), and eight studies with radiotherapy (with different products and very heterogeneous results). We hereby present our action algorithm to supplement the diet of OTRD patients with an oligomeric enteral nutrition formula. The first step is the nutritional assessment, followed by the assessment of the functional capacity of the patient’s intestine. With these two aspects evaluated, the therapeutic possibilities available vary in degrees of complexity: These will range from the usual dietary recommendations, to supplementation with oral oligomeric enteral nutrition, along with complete enteral nutrition with oligomeric formula, and up to potentially total parenteral nutrition

Computational and analytical studies of the harmonic index on Erdös-Rényi models

A main topic in the study of topological indices is to find bounds of the indices involving several parameters and/or other indices. In this paper we perform statistical (numerical) and analytical studies of the harmonic index H(G), and other topological indices of interest, on Erdos-Rényi (ER) graphs G(n, p) characterized by n vertices connected independently with probability p ∈ (0, 1). Particularly, in addition to H(G), we study here the (−2) sum-connectivity index χ−2(G), the modified Zagreb index MZ(G), the inverse degree index ID(G) and the Randic index R(G). First, to perform the statistical study of these indices, we define the averages of the normalized indices to their maximum value: {H(G)}, {χ−2(G)}, {MZ(G)}, {ID(G)}, {R(G)}. Then, from a detailed scaling analysis, we show that the averages of the normalized indices scale with the product ξ ≈ np. Moreover, we find two different behaviors. On the one hand, hH(G)i and hR(G)i, as a function of the probability p, show a smooth transition from zero to n/2 as p increases from zero to one. Indeed, after scaling, it is possible to define three regimes: a regime of mostly isolated vertices when ξ 10 (H(G), R(G) ≈ n/2). On the other hand, hχ−2(G)i, hMZ(G)i and hID(G)i increase with p until approaching their maximum value, then they decrease by further increasing p. Thus, after scaling the curves corresponding to these indices display bell-like shapes in log scale, which are symmetric around ξ ≈ 1; i.e. the percolation transition point of ER graphs. Therefore, motivated by the scaling analysis, we analytically (i) obtain new relations connecting the topological indices H, χ−2, MZ, ID and R that characterize graphs which are extremal with respect to the obtained relations and (ii) apply these results in order to obtain inequalities on H, χ−2, MZ, ID and R for graphs in ER models.J.A.M.-B. acknowledges financial support from FAPESP (Grant No. 2019/ 06931-2), Brazil, CONACyT (Grant No. 2019-000009-01EXTV-00067) and PRODEP-SEP (Grant No. 511-6/2019.-11821), Mexico. J.M.R. and J.M.S. acknowledge financial support from Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-106433GB-I00/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033), Spain

Relación entre el proceso histórico: Tartessos / colonización fenicía y la Aita Andalucía.

Sin resume

Effects of Manual Therapy on Fatigue, Pain, and Psychological Aspects in Women with Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a condition characterised by chronic widespread muscle pain and fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive disorders, and mood disturbance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a manual therapy technique performed with moderate digital pressure in women with fibromyalgia (n = 24). In this randomised, controlled trial, the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group or placebo group. The experimental group was assisted with manual therapy sessions based on connective tissue massage, whereas the placebo group was “treated” with ultrasound sessions performed without conductive gel and with the machine turned off as the placebo. Fatigue severity scale (FSS), visual analogical scale (VAS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and profile of mood states (POMS-29) were completed before and after the intervention. In the experimental group (manual therapy), significant results were obtained on a VAS scale, referring to the neck pain in patients with fibromyalgia (p < 0.001). Correlations showed a relationship between fatigue and sleep variables (R = 0.411; p = 0.046) and pain variables with the POMS anger-hostility subscale (R = 0.436; p = 0.033). Although the size of the sample could be a limitation, the study concluded that the application of manual therapy in fibromyalgia patients performed with moderate pressure for 15 min on the posterior cervical musculature decreased the perception of pain, muscle fatigue, and the state of tension-anxiety