Evidence for widespread hydrated minerals on asteroid (101955) Bennu

Early spectral data from the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission reveal evidence for abundant hydrated minerals on the surface of near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in the form of a near-infrared absorption near 2.7 µm and thermal infrared spectral features that are most similar to those of aqueously altered CM-type carbonaceous chondrites. We observe these spectral features across the surface of Bennu, and there is no evidence of substantial rotational variability at the spatial scales of tens to hundreds of metres observed to date. In the visible and near-infrared (0.4 to 2.4 µm) Bennu’s spectrum appears featureless and with a blue (negative) slope, confirming previous ground-based observations. Bennu may represent a class of objects that could have brought volatiles and organic chemistry to Earth

Dose-dependent functions of Fgf8 in regulating telencephalic patterning centers

Mouse embryos bearing hypomorphic and conditional null Fgf8 mutations have small and abnormally patterned telencephalons. We provide evidence that the hypoplasia results from decreased Foxg1 expression, reduced cell proliferation and increased cell death. In addition, alterations in the expression of Bmp4, Wnt8b, Nkx2.1 and Shh are associated with abnormal development of dorsal and ventral structures. Furthermore, nonlinear effects of Fgf8 gene dose on the expression of a subset of genes, including Bmp4 and Msx1, correlate with a holoprosencephaly phenotype and with the nonlinear expression of transcription factors that regulate neocortical patterning. These data suggest that Fgf8 functions to coordinate multiple patterning centers, and that modi. cations in the relative strength of FGF signaling can have profound effects on the relative size and nature of telencephalic subdivisions

A meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives was held at WHO Headquarters, Geneva, from 15 to 24 February 2000

Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet Med, Dept Toxicol & Pharmacol, Madrid, SpainSwedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, S-75007 Uppsala, SwedenFed Inst Hlth Protect Consumers & Vet Med, Berlin, GermanyFrench Food Safety Agcy, Natl Agcy Vet Med Prod, Fougeres, FranceUniv London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Med, Sect Clin Pharmacol, Sch Med, London, EnglandSokoine Univ Agr, Dept Vet Physiol Biochem Pharmacol & Toxicol, Morogoro, TanzaniaCanadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ctr Vet Drugs Residues, Hlth Anim Lab, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUS FDA, Off Womens Hlth, Rockville, MD USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med, Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Lab, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, BrazilMinist Agr & Anim Husbandry, Natl Lab Vet Sci, Toxicol & Residues Sect, San Jose, Costa RicaNatl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Residue Anal, Bilthoven, NetherlandsUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med, Appl Pharmacol & Toxicol Lab, Dept Pathol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc