A predictive approach for a real-time remote visualization of large meshes

Déjà sur HALRemote access to large meshes is the subject of studies since several years. We propose in this paper a contribution to the problem of remote mesh viewing. We work on triangular meshes. After a study of existing methods of remote viewing, we propose a visualization approach based on a client-server architecture, in which almost all operations are performed on the server. Our approach includes three main steps: a first step of partitioning the original mesh, generating several fragments of the original mesh that can be supported by the supposed smaller Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) window size of the network, a second step called pre-simplification of the mesh partitioned, generating simplified models of fragments at different levels of detail, which aims to accelerate the visualization process when a client(that we also call remote user) requests a visualization of a specific area of interest, the final step involves the actual visualization of an area which interest the client, the latter having the possibility to visualize more accurately the area of interest, and less accurately the areas out of context. In this step, the reconstruction of the object taking into account the connectivity of fragments before simplifying a fragment is necessary.Pestiv-3D projec

Genetic variation of xylem hydraulic properties shows that wood density is involved in adaptation to drought in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.))

Relationships between wood density and hydraulic efficiency and safety (hydraulic specific conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation, respectively) could clarify the physiological process explaining the impact of density on fitness. We have used new, relatively high-throughput phenotyping methods to estimate genetic variation of wood hydraulic specific conductivity (ks) and vulnerability to cavitation (VC) as an important step toward demonstrating the adaptive value of wood density.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Dalla Salda, Guillermina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Forestales. Grupo de Ecología Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Meier, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Forestales. Grupo de Ecología Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Cochard, Hervé. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); FranciaFil: Rozenberg, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA); Franci

Etude de l'oxyde de cuivre CuO, matériau de conversion en film mince pour microbatteries au lithium (caractérisation des processus électrochimiques et chimiques en cyclage)

La miniaturisation des appareils électroniques et la multiplication de leurs fonctionnalités conduisent à développer des microsources d énergie adaptées, parmi lesquelles figurent les microbatteries au lithium. Malgré leurs excellentes performances, ces systèmes de stockage électrochimique tout solide restent toutefois limités en termes de capacité surfacique. Cette caractéristique étant intrinsèquement liée aux matériaux d électrodes, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser à des couches minces de CuO, dont la capacité volumique théorique (426 Ah .cm-2. m-1) est sensiblement plus élevée que celle des matériaux d intercalation utilisés jusqu à présent. Ce matériau réagit avec le lithium selon un mécanisme particulier, dit de conversion, qui induit la formation d un système multiphasé et nanostructuré d une grande complexité. Dans le cadre de ce travail, la compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques et chimiques mis en jeu au cours du cyclage de couches minces d oxyde de cuivre (CuO) a été l objectif majeur. Celui-ci a nécessité une caractérisation fine du matériau actif d électrode et des interfaces générées (interfaces solide/solide et interface solide/électrolyte). Ces études ont été principalement menées à partir de la Spectroscopie Photoélectronique à Rayonnement X (XPS), de la Microscopie à Force Atomique (AFM) et d une modélisation théorique exploitant les méthodes de la chimie quantique. Les propriétés chimiques et morphologiques des couches minces de CuO cyclées ont été corrélées à leur comportement électrochimique. Une forte influence de leur structure et de leur morphologie initiales a pu être ainsi mise en évidenceThe miniaturization of electronic components and the increasing number of their functionalities lead to the development of suitable energy microsources, among which lithium microbatteries appear. Despite the excellent performances of these all-solid-state electrochemical power sources, one main limitation that remains is their surface capacity. Its value being intrinsically connected to the nature of electrode materials, we chose to focus on CuO thin films which are characterized by a theoretical volumetric capacity (426 Ah .cm-2. m-1) in far larger than the one of conventional intercalation materials used today. Indeed, this material reacts with lithium according to a particular mechanism, referred as conversion reaction, inducing the formation of a multiphase nanostructured system with a high complexity. In the framework of this study, understanding of electrochemical and chemical mechanisms which take place during the cycling of copper oxide thin films (CuO) was the main objective. This one has required a fine characterization of the electrode active material and the generated interfaces (solid/solid interfaces and solid/electrolyte interface). These studies have been mainly carried out with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and theoretical approaches based on quantum chemistry methods. The chemical and morphological properties of the cycled CuO thin films have been linked to their electrochemical behavior. An important influence of their initial structure and morphology was then evidenced.PAU-BU Sciences (644452103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Experimental determination of CO2 solubility in brines at high temperatures and high pressures and induced corrosion of materials in geothermal equipment

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Effet de la fluoration sur la réactivité de TiO2 (applications photocatalytiques)

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l effet de la fluoration sur la réactivité du dioxyde de titane. Dans ce travail, trois familles de TiO2, dont l anatase pure, le rutile pure et le TiO2 de la phase mixte anatase/rutile ont été fluorées par la méthode dite du choc thermique à différentes températures, de 400 950C. Les influences de la fluoration sur les propriétés et la composition élémentaire de leur surface ont été étudiées par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnements X (XPS). L évolution de la structure cristalline, la morphologie et les propriétés optiques de ces catalyseurs en fonction de la fluoration a été également étudiée en détail par diffraction des rayons X, nanosonde Auger et spectroscopie de réflectance diffuse UV - Visible. Leur activité photocatalytique a été évaluée par la dégradation du bleu de méthylène en solution. Jusqu à 500C, la fluoration est uniquement surfacique et ne modifie ni la structure ni la morphologie des particules TiO2. Cependant la fluoration augmente la teneur en groupement OH de surface, ce qui contribue à l augmentation de l activité photocatalytique. Par contre, au-delà de 500C, la méthode de fluoration forme une phase parasite anisotrope, K2Ti6O13 qui réduit les performances photocatalytiques. La réactivité de surface des catalyseurs fluorés a été également évaluée par l adsorption de sondes gazeuses acide SO2 et basique NH3, couplée à l analyse XPS. Les résultats montrent que tous les catalyseurs possèdent des surfaces amphotères dont l acidité et la basicité sont significativement influencées par la fluoration.The thesis aimed to investigate the influences of fluorination on the reactivity of titanium dioxide. In this work, three crystallographic families of TiO2: pure anatase, pure rutile and TiO2 P25 (mixed phase anatase/rutile), were fluorinated by thermal shock method at different temperatures, from 400 to 950C. The influence of fluorination on the properties and elementary composition of their surface was studied by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The evolution of crystal structure, morphology and optic properties of these catalysts versus the fluorination was also studied in detail by X ray diffraction, Auger nanoprobe and diffuse reflectance UV Visible spectroscopy. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue in solution. According to the results, the fluorination below 600C only occurs on the surface and does not modify the structure and the particle size of TiO2. However, the fluorination enhances the surface hydroxyl groups, which are assigned to the improvement of photocatalytic activity. For the fluorination over 600C, the parasite anisotropic K2Ti6O13 phase is formed, resulting in the reduction of photocatalytic performances.The surface reactivity of our catalysts was also evaluated by the adsorption of probe molecules acid SO2 and basic NH3, coupled with XPS analysis. The results show that the surface of all catalysts is amphoteric with the acidity and basicity significantly affected by fluorination.PAU-BU Sciences (644452103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pore-scale mechanisms for the enhancement of mixing in unsaturated porous media and implications for chemical reactions

International audiencePorous media in which different fluid phases coexist are common in nature (e.g., vadose zone and gas-oil reservoirs). In partially saturated porous media, the intricate spatial distributions of the wetting and nonwetting phases causes their flow to be focused onto preferential paths. Using a novel 2-D experimental setup allowing pore-scale measurement of concentration fields in a controlled unsaturated flow, we highlight mechanisms by which mixing of an invading fluid with the resident fluid is significantly enhanced when decreasing saturation. The mean scalar dissipation rate is observed to decrease slowly in time, while under saturated conditions it decays rapidly. This slow decrease is due to sustained longitudinal solute fingering, which causes concentration gradients to remain predominantly transverse to the average flow. Consequently, the effective reactivity is found to be much larger than under saturated conditions. These results provide new insights into the role that multiphase flows play on mixing/reaction in porous media

Shedding of microparticles by myofibroblasts as mediator of cellular cross-talk during normal wound healing

Interactions between cells are a crucial mechanism to correctly heal a wounded tissue. Myofibroblasts have a central role during healing but their means to communicate with other cells is unknown. Microparticles (MP) have demonstrated a potential role as mediators of cellular interactions during various diseases. We have analyzed the production of MP by normal (Wmyo) and pathological (hypertrophic scar, Hmyo) myofibroblasts and human dermal fibroblasts (Fb) when treated with serum or plasma as examples of body fluids. We have shown that the presence of these body fluids induced a very significant increase in MP production by Wmyo while no MP production was denoted for Hmyo and Fb. These effects were at least due to thermally sensitive protein(s) with a molecular mass >30 kDa. Furthermore, the increase in MP production was not linked to an increase in apoptotic Wmyo. MP characterization showed that VEGF and FGF2 were present in MP and that endothelial and (myo)fibroblast cell growth can be stimulated by MP treatment. We postulated that MP production by myofibroblasts could modulate mesenchymal cell growth and angiogenesis during normal healing

Experimental measurements of CO2 solubility in salt solutions at high temperatures and high pressures

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