How banks go abroad : branches or subsidiaries ?

The authors examine the factors that influence banks'type of organizational form when operating in foreign markets using an original database of the branches and subsidiaries in Latin America and Eastern Europe of the top 100 international banks. They find that regulation, taxation, the degree of desired penetration in the local market, and host-country economic and political risks matter. Banks are more likely to operate as branches in countries that have higher corporate taxes and when they face lower regulatory restrictions on bank entry, in general, and on foreign branches, in particular. Subsidiaries are the preferred organizational form by banks that seek to penetrate the local market establishing large and mostly retail operations. Finally, there is evidence that economic and political risks have opposite effects on the type of organizational form, suggesting that legal differences in the degree of parent bank responsibility vis-à-vis branches and subsidiaries under different risk scenarios play an important role in the kind of operations international banks maintain overseasBanks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Banking Law,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Economic Theory&Research

Using SPICES for a better service consumption

In this poster we present SPICES (Semantic Platform for the Interaction and Consumption of Enriched Services), a Web based tool that automates the process of consuming a Web service by making use of the semantic annotations that describe them. SPICES supports both traditional WSDL services and RESTful ones and offers end-users the possibility of interacting with them in an easy yet personalised manner, without the need of advanced technical skills -which were traditionally required-, being the complexity that lies underneath hidden to them. SPICES is being developed within the European project SOA4All

Surf Therapy Practice, Research, and Coalition Building: Future Directions

Articles in this Special Issue of the Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice on Surf Therapy Around the Globe have focused on theory development, practice considerations, empirical research, and coalition building in order to advance the field of surf therapy. In this concluding article, the Guest Editors highlight the ways in which the collective work in this Special Issue expands on the current literature in terms of theory, as well as processes and outcomes for different programs across a variety of populations across the globe. Suggestions for conducting future studies on surf therapy are provided in order to build an even stronger knowledge base in this area. Finally, initiatives set forth by the International Surf Therapy Organization are presented in order to foster coalition building, participant inclusion, social justice, research and evaluation, and public advocacy. Collectively, this article aims to summarize the work highlighted in this Special Issue and pave a path for surf therapy practice and research going forward

Influence of heavy metals on nematode community structure in deteriorated soil by gold mining activities in Sibutad, southern Philippines

Ore mining is among the most environmentally destructive anthropogenic practices, particularly in developing countries. Correct assessment of its impacts on soil ecosystems requires an understanding of the response of soil food webs. Nematodes, often the most abundant invertebrates in soils, occupy various positions in food webs, and their assemblages are commonly used to reflect soil health. In October 2014, we collected soil samples from five sites of a small-scale mining area in Sibutad, southern Philippines, to assess the influence of mining activities on nematode assemblages. Two sites were considered undisturbed as there were no visible signs of mining, while the other three sites were disturbed. Nematodes were extracted live and identified to genus level using morphology -based identification. We analysed genus composition, genus and trophic diversity, and the life-history based maturity index. We measured soil environmental variables (pH, organic matter, granulometry and several heavy metals), and correlated variation in nematode genus composition to variation in these environmental factors. Small-scale mining activities had variable but generally non-significant impacts on soil properties, altered vegetation and caused increases in concentrations of Hg and Pb, but not consistently so in all impacted sites. The high patchiness in vegetation and heavy metal content were reflected in a high within-site variability of nematode assemblages. Total nematode abundance was significantly lowest in the most physically disturbed site, but not so in the most metal-polluted one, suggesting that abundance is not a good indicator of pollution status. Nematode genus composition significantly differed between disturbed and undisturbed sites. By contrast, only few differences between sites were found for diversity or maturity indices, demonstrating that genus composition was a better indicator of mining-related effects than many common indicator indices and highlighting that detailed assemblage analysis is required for a correct interpretation of moderate pollution effects on soil nematodes. Measured environmental variables together explained 60% of the variation in nematode assemblages in the area; the three 'single best' explanatory variables were the concentrations of Pb, Hg and N, but none of these by itself explained more than 8% of the variation in nematode data, while their combination explained 24%. Some genera of predacious and omnivorous nematodes, which are generally expected to be sensitive to both chemical pollution and physical disturbance (e.g., Ironus and Eudorylaimus), were most abundant in sites with elevated heavy metal concentrations, which can have repercussions for the interpretation of nematode-based indices such as the MI

Long-term laser frequency stabilization using fiber interferometers

We report long-term laser frequency stabilization using only the target laser and a pair of 5 m fiber interferometers, one as a frequency reference and the second as a sensitive thermometer to stabilize the frequency reference. When used to stabilize a distributed feedback laser at 795 nm, the frequency Allan deviation at 1000 s drops from 5.6*10^{-8} to 6.9*10^{-10}. The performance equals that of an offset lock employing a second, atom-stabilized laser in the temperature control

Surf Therapy Practice, Research, and Coalition Building: Future Directions

Articles in this Special Issue of the Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice on Surf Therapy Around the Globe have focused on theory development, practice considerations, empirical research, and coalition building in order to advance the field of surf therapy. In this concluding article, the Guest Editors highlight the ways in which the collective work in this Special Issue expands on the current literature in terms of theory, as well as processes and outcomes for different programs across a variety of populations across the globe. Suggestions for conducting future studies on surf therapy are provided in order to build an even stronger knowledge base in this area. Finally, initiatives set forth by the International Surf Therapy Organization are presented in order to foster coalition building, participant inclusion, social justice, research and evaluation, and public advocacy. Collectively, this article aims to summarize the work highlighted in this Special Issue and pave a path for surf therapy practice and research going forward

“Modelamiento de la liberación controlada de nutrientes encapsulados por nanopartículas en Hidrogeles de uso agrícola”

Esta investigación desarrolló el modelado matemático de la liberación controlada de nutrientes encapsulados en el sistema nanopartícula/hidrogel de uso agrícola, mediante el cual se obtuvieron perfiles de concentración y liberación de nutrientes en función del tiempo. El modelado se basó en la ecuación de conservación de materia para una geometría esférica con dispersión radial, considerando que la partícula en su interior contiene a los nutrientes de tamaños nanométricos, la liberación de nutrientes inicia desde el seno de la partícula hacia la interfase del hidrogel. Los efectos de los factores que influyen en la liberación tales como pH, conductividad iónica, entre otros, fueron englobados en un único coeficiente de difusión efectiva , el cual fue calculado mediante ensayo y error aplicando el método de diferencias finitas haciendo uso de la programación en Matlab. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron contrastar el modelo matemático con datos experimentales de liberación controlada de autores referentes, encontrando una adecuada correlación con un error cuadrado medio MSE = 0.0125 – 0.3383, que permite estimar el coeficiente de difusión efectiva en el rango = [5.9 x 10-12 – 1.4 x 10-9 ] m2 /s

Prueba de habilidades prácticas CCNA 1 – 2.

Prueba de habilidades prácticas CCNA 1 – 2.Mediante la realización de este trabajo nos basaremos en las necesidades que tiene la empresa la cual está enfocada en establecer una comunicación acertada entre los servicios y dispositivos. Por otro lado atenderemos una serie de parámetros los cuales son de vital importancia para que se pueda interconectar entre si cada uno de los dispositivos los cuales tienen como fin responder a cada requerimiento que se le realice y debe responder de una forma acorde a las necesidades solicitadas por la entidad. Así mismo se debe verificar la conectividad de los dispositivos mediante unos comandos que nos dará el resultado esperado.By carrying out this work we will base ourselves on the needs of the company, which is focused on establishing an accurate communication between the services and devices. On the other hand we will attend a series of parameters which are of vital importance so that each of the devices can be interconnected with each other, which are intended to respond to each requirement that is made and must respond in a manner according to the needs requested. by the entity. Likewise, the connectivity of the devices must be verified through commands that will give us the expected result