Limited Progress in Increasing Coverage of Neonatal and Child-health Interventions in Africa and Asia

The study was conducted to analyze recent trends in the coverage of selected child-survival interventions. A systematic analysis of the coverage of six key child-health interventions in 29 African and Asian countries that had two recent demographic and health surveys—the latest one carried out in 2001 onwards and the immediately preceding survey conducted after 1990—was undertaken. A regression model was used for examining the relationship between the changes in the coverage of interventions and the changes in rates of mortality among children aged less than five years (under-five mortality). A limited increase in the coverage of key child-health interventions occurred in the past 5–10 years in these 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. More than half of the countries had no significant improvement or a significant reduction in the coverage of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea (17/29) and care-seeking for acute respiratory infection (ARI) (16/29). Results of multivariate analysis revealed that increases in the coverage of early initiation of breastfeeding, ORT for diarrhoea, and care-seeking for ARI were significantly associated with reductions in under-five mortality. The results of this analysis should serve as a wake-up call for policy-makers and programme managers in countries, donors, and international agencies to accelerate efforts to increase the coverage of key child-survival interventions. The following three main actions are proposed: setting of the clear target; mobilization of resources for increasing skilled birth attendants and health workers trained in integrated management of childhood illness; and implementation of community-based approaches

Esophageal rupture: a severe complication of transesophageal echocardiography

Since when the first transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was undertaken in 1975, technological advances have made this diagnostic modality more reliable. TEE indications became widespread in cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries, intensive care units, and ambulatory clinics. The procedure is generally considered a safe diagnostic tool, but occasionally complications do occur. The insertion and manipulation of the ultrasound probe can cause oropharyngeal, esophageal, or gastric trauma. Although rare, these complications may present a mortality rate of up to 56% depending on the treatment approach and the elapsed time to the diagnosis. The authors report a case of a 65-year-old woman submitted to attempt a TEE in order to better study or diagnose an inter-atrial communication. After 3 days of the procedure, the patient was admitted to the hospital with edema, hyperemia of the anterior face of the neck, accompanied by systemic symptoms. The imaging diagnostic work-up evidenced signs of esophageal rupture and upper mediastinal involvement, the former confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The patient was treated with antibiotics and cervical and mediastinal drainage, with a favorable outcome

NOTAS DE ANÁLISE SOBRE A ERA FHC (1994-2002)

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve análise da política de reformas liberais do governo Fernando Henrique, buscando uma interpretação que articule a dimensão da política e da economia, como parte de uma lógica mais ampla de implantação de um novo modelo de capitalismo para o Brasil. Palavras-chave: Governo FHC. Política econômica. Reformas liberais

Política e economia no governo FHC: a questão dos economistas

 O objetivo principal deste trabalho é fazer alguns apontamentos analíticos sobre a gestão econômica do governo FHC, a partir da análise do perfil dos economistas que ocuparam postos relevantes na estrutura de poder. A idéia é mostrar que as diferenças ideológicas e de valor entre os economistas, se tornaram relevantes em promover diferentes padrões e resultados de políticas voltadas à economia brasileira durante o governo FHC. Palavras-chave: economistas; ideologias econômicas; democracia.   Politics and economy during the Cardoso government: the question of economists     Abstract the objective of this article is discuss any questions about participation economists in FHC government. The idea is show the ideological and valor differences between groups economists inside the government. That differences between liberals and development are important for understand different types of political to the Brazilian economy. Keywords: economists; economy ideologies; democracy

Inflação e política no Brasil contemporâneo: a experiência dos governos FHC e Lula.

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a relação entre a inflação e a política no período de redemocratização sob os governos FHC e Lula. A motivação principal é busca da dimensão política dos fenômenos econômicos, e da inter-relação entre política e economia. A inflação foi a principal questão política dos governos democráticos entre 1985-1994. Muitos planos de estabilização foram tentados e apenas o Plano Real conseguiu debelar a inflação alta no Brasil. Os governos FHC e Lula foram marcados pela estabilidade econômica, mas a inflação ocupou um lugar relevante na agenda política dos dois governos e as políticas voltadas à estabilidade da inflação prejudicaram o crescimento econômico sob os governos democráticos. O trabalho procura analisar essas questões sob o ponto de vista político, incorporando a dimensão econômica no processo de redemocratização política no Brasil. O trabalho analisa os percalços da transição democrática nos governos Sarney e Collor, com uma ênfase especial à experiência dos governos FHC e Lula. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223667251279

NOTAS DE ANÁLISE SOBRE A ERA FHC (1994-2002)

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve análise da política de reformas liberais do governo Fernando Henrique, implementadas durante os dois mandatos em que esteve à frente da Presidência da República. Não é evidentemente uma análise exaustiva, mas apenas alguns apontamentos sobre o caráter das medidas e dos objetivos a que se propunham.Palavras-chave: governo FHC; política econômica; reformas liberais.Abstract:The objective of this article is to do a short analyses of liberal politics reform in Fernando Henrique government. Is not a complete analyzing, but only any appointment about character and objectives of politics.Key-words: FHC government; political economics; liberal reform

El deporte, otras vertientes y la diversidad de sus clasificaciones.

Con el presente artículo se construyó una lectura de apoyo significativa para fortalecer y consolidar la unidad conceptual de la asignatura de Pedagogía y Didáctica de la Educación física.Nació de la necesidad de mostrar los constructos que a ese respecto se han elaborado y así dar respuesta a los interrogantes de la comunidad de educadores físicos.A través de este documento se presentan criterios y opiniones acerca de lo que es y representa el deporte, además de diversidad de clasificaciones, para los 550 deportes existentes en el mundo

Calcification of the ligamentum flavum in the thoracolumbar spine: an unusual cause of compressive myelopathy

The focal calcification or ossification of the ligamentum flavum is a rare cause of thoracic myelopathy and most often occurs among individuals of Japanese descent. It is rare in other ethnic groups and in individuals below the age of 50.It is most often described at the lower thoracic level, being uncommon in the lumbar region and rare in the cervical region. Here, we present the case of a 44-year-old White female patient who sought medical attention with an eightmonthhistory of paraesthesia of the lower limbs and progressive difficulty in walking. The clinical profile, together with computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the spine, led to a diagnosis of compressive thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the thoracicand lumbar spine. The patient underwent laminectomy and dissection of some of the affected ligamentum flavum, without any intraoperative complications. After three months of clinical follow-up, the patient had progressed favorably, having no sensory complaints and again becoming ambulatory.nul

Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis: an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP), also called encapsulating peritonitis, is a rare and benign cause of intestinal obstruction of unknown etiology. Its onset may be acute or subacute although there are some reports with a two-month history. More commonly, this entity is secondary to chronic peritoneal dialysis, ventriculoperitoneal and peritoneovenous shunting, the use of β-blockers and systemic lupus erythematous. Recurrent episodes of bacterial peritonitis, intestinal tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever, gastrointestinal cancer, liver transplantation, intra-abdominal fibrogenic foreign bodies, and luteinized ovarian thecomas are also related to SEP. The idiopathic presentation is more rare. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, malnutrition, and clinically palpable mass characterize the clinical features. Diagnosis is frequently made with gross findings during surgery, imaging workup and histopathology. The authors report the case of a 36-yearold male patient with a 10-day history of abdominal pain that was operated on because of intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis was made preoperatively and confirmed by the intraoperative findings and histopathology