Bildungsberatung aus tiefenpsychologischer Perspektive

Ausgehend von einem entwicklungspsychologischen Verständnis von Bildung werden die Grundideen einer tiefenpsychologisch- orientierten Bildungsberatung an einem Fallbeispiel illustriert

Simulating the soil phosphorus dynamics of four long‐term field experiments with a novel phosphorus model

Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, which is required for crop growth and to maintain high yields. The soil P cycle is very complex, and new model approaches can lead to a better understanding of those processes and further guide to research gaps. The objective of this study was to present a P-submodel, which has been integrated in the existing Carbon Candy Balance (CCB) model that already comprises a C and N module. The P-module is linked to the C mineralization and the associated C-pools via the C/P ratio of fresh organic material. Besides the organic P cycling, the module implies a plant-available P-pool (Pav), which is in a dynamic equilibrium with the nonavailable P-pool (Pna) that comprises the strongly sorbed and occluded P fraction. The model performance was tested and evaluated on four long-term field experiments with mineral P fertilization, farmyard manure as organic fertilizer and control plots without fertilization. The C dynamics and the Pav dynamics were modelled with overall good results. The relative RMSE for the C was below 10% for all treatments, while the relative RMSE for Pav was below 15% for most treatments. To accommodate for the rather small variety of available P-models, the presented CNP-model is designed for agricultural field sites with a relatively low data input, namely air temperature, precipitation, soil properties, yields and management practices. The CNP-model offers a low entry threshold model approach to predict the C-N and now the P dynamics of agricultural soils.Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010812Peer Reviewe

Physicochemical Characterization, and Relaxometry Studies of Micro-Graphite Oxide, Graphene Nanoplatelets, and Nanoribbons

The chemistry of high-performance magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents remains an active area of research. In this work, we demonstrate that the potassium permanganate-based oxidative chemical procedures used to synthesize graphite oxide or graphene nanoparticles leads to the confinement (intercalation) of trace amounts of Mn2+ ions between the graphene sheets, and that these manganese intercalated graphitic and graphene structures show disparate structural, chemical and magnetic properties, and high relaxivity (up to 2 order) and distinctly different nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion profiles compared to paramagnetic chelate compounds. The results taken together with other published reports on confinement of paramagnetic metal ions within single-walled carbon nanotubes (a rolled up graphene sheet) show that confinement (encapsulation or intercalation) of paramagnetic metal ions within graphene sheets, and not the size, shape or architecture of the graphitic carbon particles is the key determinant for increasing relaxivity, and thus, identifies nano confinement of paramagnetic ions as novel general strategy to develop paramagnetic metal-ion graphitic-carbon complexes as high relaxivity MRI contrast agents

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis in a German wild boar population: occurrence and characterisation

Abstract Background The swine-adapted serovar Choleraesuis of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica is found rarely in domestic pigs in Germany. However, a considerable and increasing number of S. Choleraesuis organisms have been isolated from wild boars in Germany in recent years. To investigate a possible epidemiological context, S. Choleraesuis strains from a regional German wild boar population and other hosts were characterised by genotyping methods. Results Macrorestriction analysis, biochemical differentiation and antimicrobial susceptibility typing enabled the identification of several clusters of S. Choleraesuis. Some clusters occurred almost permanently in a certain district, whereas other groups circulated among different wild boar herds in larger regions. Non-porcine hosts were infected with the same cluster as the wild boars. Conclusions The emergence of S. Choleraesuis in wild boars might be caused by a higher prevalence in the wild boar population, but also the higher awareness to infections with African swine fever may have resulted in a higher number of examined animals. Separation of wild boar populations and, as a result, also the diverse S. Choleraesuis organisms might be due to natural barriers and artificial barriers like arterial roads. The findings of S. Choleraesuis in domestic pigs emphasize the importance of strict biosecurity measures to prevent transmission from wild boars of this but also other pathogens. To avoid risks for humans by zoonotic pathogens regular inspections of meat from wildlife need to be conducted

Psychosocial Determinants of Successful Voice Rehabilitation After Laryngectomy

This study gives an overview of publications on factors that are associated with the outcome of voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. A systematic literature review was conducted. Fifty-six manuscripts were analyzed regarding the parameters investigated, the number of participants included, the study designs used, the assessment instruments, and the results. A broad range of factors were considered to contribute to successful voice rehabilitation, whereby psychosocial attributes related to success are mentioned as often as medical and treatment-related characteristics. The results of the studies are mostly inconsistent. It can be concluded, however, that active communication behavior, employment status, type of alaryngeal speech and the general physical condition are associated with rehabilitation outcomes, whereas alcohol consumption is not. More comprehensive prospective studies are needed which analyze the impact of psychosocial factors with validated and standardized instruments. A large sample size would be necessary to calculate all possibly relevant factors and their interaction. Clinicians should be careful about considering their patients to be “unmotivated” if the rehabilitation fails; instead, they should encourage them to communicate actively and take part in social activities

Simulating the soil phosphorus dynamics of four long‐term field experiments with a novel phosphorus model

Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, which is required for crop growth and to maintain high yields. The soil P cycle is very complex, and new model approaches can lead to a better understanding of those processes and further guide to research gaps. The objective of this study was to present a P‐submodel, which has been integrated in the existing Carbon Candy Balance (CCB) model that already comprises a C and N module. The P‐module is linked to the C mineralization and the associated C‐pools via the C/P ratio of fresh organic material. Besides the organic P cycling, the module implies a plant‐available P‐pool (Pav), which is in a dynamic equilibrium with the nonavailable P‐pool (Pna) that comprises the strongly sorbed and occluded P fraction. The model performance was tested and evaluated on four long‐term field experiments with mineral P fertilization, farmyard manure as organic fertilizer and control plots without fertilization. The C dynamics and the Pav dynamics were modelled with overall good results. The relative RMSE for the C was below 10% for all treatments, while the relative RMSE for Pav was below 15% for most treatments. To accommodate for the rather small variety of available P‐models, the presented CNP‐model is designed for agricultural field sites with a relatively low data input, namely air temperature, precipitation, soil properties, yields and management practices. The CNP‐model offers a low entry threshold model approach to predict the C‐N and now the P dynamics of agricultural soils.Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/50110001081

Wissenschaftliche Begleitung und Evaluation der HIV-Präexpositionsprophylaxe (PrEP) als Leistung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung – das Projekt EvE-PrEP in Zeiten der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie

Seit September 2019 ist die Präexpositionsprophylaxe (PrEP) bei Infektion mit dem Humanen Immundefizienz-Virus (HIV) Teil des Leistungskataloges der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Evaluiert wurden nun unter anderem Daten zu HIV-Neuinfektionen, die Anzahl von PrEP-Nutzenden und Beratungsterminen und die Verbreitung relevanter STI (sexually transmitted infections). Wie das Epidemiologische Bulletin 6/2021 ausführt, zeigten die Auswirkungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie sowohl einen vorübergehenden Rückgang bei der PrEP-Nachfrage als auch bei PrEP-Einleitungen. Die PrEP-Versorgung und -Verfügbarkeit in den HIV-Schwerpunktpraxen blieb dahingegen weitestgehend unbeeinträchtigt