Can Time Spent on Social Media Affect Thin-Ideal Internalisation, Objectified Body Consciousness and Exercise Motivation in Women?

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure to social media on ideal body image, awareness of one’s body and motivation to exercise. Participants completed a measure of Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest use, after which they proceeded to complete measures of thin-ideal internalisation, exercise motivation and objectified body consciousness. One hundred female students at a UK university, aged between 18 and 52 years, completed the measures described, with age weight and height used as covariates. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that time spent on social media was related to levels of thin-ideal internalisation, objectified body consciousness and motivation to exercise. Exposure to social media has negative effects on female’s perceptions of their ideal beauty and their own body as well as on motivation to engage in exercise

Complexation of Nickel Ions by Boric Acid or (Poly)borates

International audienc

Abnormalities in pattern of lateralization in relation to visuospatial short-term memory in children with Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder characterised by significant intellectual disability. Initial studies indicate that children with WS have a profound bias for information in the top left of visual arrays. Study 1, using a visuospatial memory test for items presented in a 3×3 matrix, found a significant top left bias in WS children relative to controls. Study 2 used a probe-based memory test with arrays in which items appeared with equal probability in each position. Relative to controls, WS children showed a significant top and left bias. In Study 3, the same children engaged in a visual search task and again, a top and left bias was found in the WS group. It is concluded that children with WS display atypical laterality, which might be explained by abnormal saccadic movements, by abnormalities involving development of the dorsal stream or by uneven cortical development

Influence of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on Open Circuit and Floating SoC Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The purpose of this study was to investigate the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries by using both open circuit and floating current measurements. Existing degradation studies usually focus on commercial cells. The initial electrolyte composition and formation protocol for these cells is often unknown. This study investigates the role of electrolyte additives, specifically, vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), in the aging process of lithium-ion batteries. The results showed that self-discharge plays a significant role in determining the severity of aging for cells without additives. Interestingly, the aging was less severe for the cells without additives as they deviated more from their original storage state of charge. It was also observed that the addition of VC and FEC had an effect on the formation and stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the surface of the carbonaceous anode. By gaining a better understanding of the aging processes and the effects of different electrolyte additives, we can improve the safety and durability of lithium-ion batteries, which is critical for their widespread adoption in various applications

Social Media Use: Attitudes, "Detox," and Craving in Typical and Frequent Users

Social media has become a core feature of daily life, with 4.8 billion users worldwide. Research on individual differences in social media use has tended to focus on the effect of differing levels of engagement on specific mental health outcomes. In contrast, few studies have directly investigated users’ own perceptions of the impact of their social media use, attempts to regulate their behavior through periods of “detox,” and the drivers that compel them to return to these platforms. Therefore, in this study, we examined users’ current attitudes toward their social media use, their awareness of the impact it had on other aspects of their lives, their experiences of self-initiated periods of “detox,” and their reasons for reengagement. A sample of 208 U.K. social media users (aged 18–28), partitioned into typical and frequent user groups using the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire and the Social Media Engagement Questionnaire, were tested on all measures. The findings, derived from both quantitative and qualitative data, showed that users across both groups were aware of the impact of overuse, and they were able to successfully engage in sustained periods of social media detox, from which they derived positive effects (e.g., on sleep, mood, productivity), and the primary driver for continued use was a desire for social connectedness and information rather than a “craving” for social media per se. Taken together, these findings provide novel data on users’ perceptions of their social media use and, in particular, evidence in support of the positive benefits of periods of social media “detox.

Doctor recommendations are related to patient interest and use of behavioral treatment for chronic pain and addiction

The opioid crisis has highlighted the importance of improving patients’ access to behavioral treatments for chronic pain and addiction. What is not known is if patients are interested in receiving these treatments. In this cross-sectional study, over 1000 participants with chronic pain were surveyed using an anonymous online questionnaire on Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) to investigate participants’ use of and interest in pharmacological and behavioral treatments for chronic pain and addiction. Participants also indicated whether their doctor had recommended these treatments. The majority of participants reported using medication for their pain (83.19%) and that their doctor recommended medication (85.05%), whereas fewer participants reported using (67.45%) and being recommended to (62.82%) behavioral treatments. We found 63.67% of participants screened positive for possible opioid misuse; those who screened positive were more interested in receiving behavioral treatments than those who did not screen positive. Participants who received treatment recommendations were more likely to be interested in receiving those treatments as compared to participants who did not. The results suggest that recommendations for behavioral treatments and interest in those treatments are related. Results also suggest that patients endorsing behaviors consistent with opioid misuse are interested in behavioral treatments

Validity of self-reported myocardial infarction and stroke in regions with Sami and Norwegian populations: The SAMINOR 1 Survey and the CVDNOR project

Published version. Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012717 Objective: Updated knowledge on the validity of self- reported myocardial infarction (SMI) and self-reported stroke (SRS) is needed in Norway. Our objective was to compare questionnaire data and hospital discharge data from regions with Sami and Norwegian populations to assess the validity of these outcomes by ethnicity, sex, age and education. Design: Validation study using cross-sectional questionnaire data and hospital discharge data from all Norwegian somatic hospitals. Participants and setting: 16 865 men and women aged 30 and 36–79 years participated in the Population-based Study on Health and Living Conditions in Sami and Norwegian Populations (SAMINOR) 1 Survey in 2003–2004. Information on SMI and SRS was available from self-administered questionnaires for 15 005 and 15 088 of these participants, respectively. We compared this information with hospital discharge data from 1994 until SAMINOR 1 Survey attendance. Primary and secondary outcomes: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and κ. Results: The sensitivity and PPV of SMI were 90.1% and 78.9%, respectively; the PPV increased to 93.1% when all ischaemic heart disease (IHD) diagnoses were included. The SMI prevalence estimate was 2.3% and hospital-based 2.0%. The sensitivity and PPV of SRS were 81.1% and 64.3%, respectively. The SRS prevalence estimate was 1.5% and hospitalisation- based 1.2%. Moderate to no variation was observed in validity according to ethnicity, sex, age and education. Conclusions: The sensitivity and PPV of SMI were high and moderate, respectively; for SRS, both of these measures were moderate. Our results show that SMI from the SAMINOR 1 Survey may be used in aetiological/analytical studies in this population due to a high IHD-specific PPV. The SAMINOR 1 questionnaire may also be used to estimate the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction and acute stroke

Accelerative autoactivation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by PGG2

Cyclooxygenase catalysis is stimulated by its product, PGG2, and by other lipid hydroperoxides. The endoperoxide, PGH2, was not stimulatory. The results provide a direct demonstration of an essential role for lipid hydroperoxides in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and show how the biosynthetic intermediate PGG2 has a positive accelerative effect.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22460/1/0000001.pd