The side effects of the collaborative economy model in Europe: the self-employed workers

The fundamental right to fair working conditions has had a slow influence on the regulatory institutions and it is necessary to demand an immediate regulation on the matter with the advance of the so-called collaborative economy in Europe. The perimeter of this business model is often prone to inequality, which disproportionately affects vulnerable agents such as workers. It is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of the responses that European countries give to these threats and the recommendations given by the authors and other international institutions to seek appropriate guidance. The norm that technology evolves faster than the legal systems does not render fundamental rights violations justifiable

DETERMINANTS OF ARGENTINEAN WINE PRICES IN THE U.S. MARKET

A hedonic price function for Argentinean wines in the U.S market is estimated in order to evaluate the effect of the most important attributes of wine on price. Results show that labeling practices and the choice of the right wine quality attributes are far more influential on price than expert panel opinions or oenological wine improvements such as aging.wine prices, Argentinean wine, hedonic price model, Demand and Price Analysis,

The finite model property for the variety of Heyting algebras with successor

The finite model property of the variety of S-algebras was proved by X. Caicedo using Kripke model techniques of the associated calculus. A more algebraic proof, but still strongly based on Kripke model ideas, was given by Muravitskii. In this article we give a purely algebraic proof for the finite model property which is strongly based on the fact that for every element x in a S-algebra the interval [x, S(x)] is a Boolean lattice.Fil: Castiglioni, José Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Matematicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: San Martin, Hernan Javier. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Matematicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

High-Chromium (9-12Cr) Steels: Creep Enhancement by Conventional Thermomechanical Treatments

There is a worldwide need to develop materials for advanced power plants with steam temperatures of 700°C and above which have the capacity to achieve high efficiency and low CO2 emissions. This request involves the development of new grades of 9-12Cr heat-resistant steels, with a nanostructured martensite, mainly focusing on the long-term creep rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at such elevated temperatures. The main shortcomings of actual 9-12Cr high-chromium steels are that the creep resistance is not enough to fulfill the engineering requirements at temperatures higher than 600°C and the material undergoes a cyclic softening. Creep strength at high temperature could be improved by a microstructural optimization through nano-precipitation, guided by computational thermodynamics, and thermomechanical control process optimization

Modelos Rasch: ¿cuán (in-)coherentemente son presentados y utilizados?

El modelo Rasch es ampliamente usado para el análisis de datos educacionales. En la práctica, se reportan los estimadores de la dificultad de los ítemes, y los estimadores de las habilidades de los individuos. Sin embargo, nunca se explicita qué significado tiene el término “dificultad”, y cuál el término “habilidad”. Los significados de estos términos no dependen de las estimaciones; al contrario, estas últimas han de interpretarse en función del significado de los primeros. En este trabajo se muestra que el significado de las nociones de “dificultad” y “habilidad” dependen de la forma en que el modelo Rasch se especifica. En la literatura psicométrica hay dos maneras de especificar dicho modelo: una que solo se limita a modelar los observables; la otra, que además de los observables, modela no-observables. La primera forma de especificación se debe al mismo Rasch, mientras que la segunda fue desarrollada por Lord.

Determinants of argentinian wine prices in international markets: a hedonic analysis

85 p.The wine industry is very important socially and economically in the western region of Argentina. The Argentinian wine exports have had a considerable growth since the year 1990, reaching a value near to US$ 500 millions in 2006. It has been proved, by international competitions, specialized publications, and previous scientific studies, that the country can provide high quality wines with very competitive prices. The Strategic Argentinian Wine Plan is under way, agreed by the government and private companies, and offering guidelines and stability to sustain the industry growth in the future. This study deciphers what are the most important Argentinian wine quality attributes that influence the price, and what value consumers assign to them. Three important international markets were analyzed applying the hedonic pricing technique: United States of America, Germany and United Kingdom jointly with North Ireland. The characteristics: sensory quality, aging, quantity of bottles produced, region of origin, grape variety, membership to the association “Wines of Argentina”, producer brand and special descriptors, probed to be price determinants for Argentinian wines. The variables sensory quality and aging were less important than the rest of the objective variables, confirming previous findings that the objectives characteristics are more important than the subjective characteristics, and that the oenological practices can not correct mistakes in long term choices such as location, grape variety and investment in brand reputation. This study concluded that the emblematic Argentinian Malbec receives a positive percentage impact on price in Germany which varied between 8.7 % and 38.9 % and in UK and NI between 1.6 % and 23.4 %, with 95 % of probability. Additionally, alternative varieties and blends were analyzed obtaining interesting results. In certain way, the results also indicated lack of differentiation for Argentinian wines regarding the region of origin and the grape variety, suggesting that the efforts of promotion with respect to these aspects should be improved and increased

Advanced Speech Communication System for Deaf People

This paper describes the development of an Advanced Speech Communication System for Deaf People and its field evaluation in a real application domain: the renewal of Driver’s License. The system is composed of two modules. The first one is a Spanish into Spanish Sign Language (LSE: Lengua de Signos Española) translation module made up of a speech recognizer, a natural language translator (for converting a word sequence into a sequence of signs), and a 3D avatar animation module (for playing back the signs). The second module is a Spoken Spanish generator from sign writing composed of a visual interface (for specifying a sequence of signs), a language translator (for generating the sequence of words in Spanish), and finally, a text to speech converter. For language translation, the system integrates three technologies: an example based strategy, a rule based translation method and a statistical translator. This paper also includes a detailed description of the evaluation carried out in the Local Traffic Office in the city of Toledo (Spain) involving real government employees and deaf people. This evaluation includes objective measurements from the system and subjective information from questionnaire

Efecto de diferentes combinaciones de nitrogeno y potasio sobre la produccion de maiz para ensilaje

Resumen (Spanish, English)60 p.Durante la temporada 1995-96, se realizó un experimento en la Estación Experimental Panguilemo, de la Universidad de Talca, (35º 26' LS; 71º 41' LW; 90 m.s.n.m.), destinado a cuantificar las demandas de nitrógeno y potasio, y sus efectos combinados. Se sembró maíz San Pablo, semitardío. Se contempló tres niveles de nitrógeno: 150, 300 y 450 Kg ha-1 y tres niveles de potasio: 0, 100 y 200 Kg ha-1. Se utilizó un arreglo factorial 3 * 3, distribuido en bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones. Se realizaron tres evaluaciones en los estados 5, 6 y 8 de la escala de Hanway , midiendo fitomasa seca acumulada, área foliar por planta (cm2 planta-1) y concentración de N y K en plantas (%). El rendimiento de grano y sus componentes se evaluó después de haber alcanzado la madurez fisiológica de la planta. Además, en este estado se midió materia seca y concentración de nitrógeno en planta (%). Hubo una respuesta positiva a nitrógeno, en términos de la producción de fitomasa seca del cultivo, en cada uno de los estados evaluados; la fertilización potásica no mostró efectos para esas mismas evaluaciones. No obstante, hubo respuesta para la combinación de N*K en los estados de grano lechoso y madurez de ensilaje. Las dosis crecientes de N aumentaron la MS total en un 64 % respecto al testigo; los incrementos de producción de materia seca fueron de 54 Kg ha-1 por cada Kg de N agregado. En ensilaje hubo respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada y a la combinación N * K, lo cual habría permitido una respuesta sinérgica entre ambos nutrientes, posibilitando una mejor absorción del N por el cultivo, alcanzando una producción máxima de MS de 32 ton ha-1 y un rendimiento de grano de 200 qqm ha-1