A Comparative Analysis of Translated Cultural Terms in Cervantes’ Don Quixote in Thomas Shelton’s and John Rutherford’s Translations

Translating any kind of text is a challenge for a translator, but if that text involves representations of a country, a culture, a language and is full of cultural references and terms, the translation process becomes even more difficult. Don Quixote is considered one of the greatest works of Spanish literature which Thomas Shelton and, 400 years later, John Rutherford wanted to share with the English speaking community. This paper will analyse how they translated some of the cultural terms found in Don Quixote, comparing the translation procedures and determining whether they convey the meaning of the original terms.La traducción de cualquier texto es un reto para todo traductor, y si además ese texto incluye figuras representativas de un país, cultura o idioma, y está repleto de términos y referencias culturales, el proceso de traducción se complica aún más. Don Quijote es una de las obras más importantes de la literatura española, que Thomas Shelton y John Rutherford han traducido, con 400 años de diferencia, para que pudiera llegar al lector anglófono. En este trabajo se analizará cómo estos dos autores han traducido algunos de los términos culturales del Quijote, comparando los procedimientos de traducción y determinando si transportan el significado original a la lengua inglesa.Departamento de Filología InglesaGrado en Estudios Inglese

Evaluación de la calidad tecnológica, nutricional y sensorial de productos de panadería por sustitución de harina de trigo por harinas integrales de centeno, arroz o quínoa

[ES] El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las características tecnológicas y nutricionales del pan elaborado por sustitución de 25 y 50% de la harina de trigo convencional por harina integral de arroz (Oryza sativa, L), quínoa (Chenopodium quinoa, L) o centeno (Secale cereale, L.) Los productos desarrollados se evaluaron en términos de volumen específico, aspecto de la rebanada central, color de la miga y de la corteza, dureza de la miga, contenido de humedad, fibra dietética, fitatos, minerales, cinética de retrogradación de la amilopectina por calorímetro diferencial de barrido, efecto protector frente al estrés oxidativo y evaluación sensorial mediante escala hedónica. En general, la incorporación de las distintas harinas integrales a la formulación mostró diferencias significativas en cuanto a la cinética de retrogradación de la amilopectina en comparción con las muestras control. También repercutió en una disminución del volumen de la pieza panaria que estuvo directamente relacionado con un aumento de la dureza de la miga. No obstante, se observó una alta aceptación global por parte del consumidor. En cuanto a los minerales, el Ca y el Zn podrían estar biodisponibles en todas las formulaciones. Particularmente, la incorporación de quínoa incrementó el contenido de Ca y Zn comparando con las muestras control. Por otro lado, los panes elaborados con centeno mostraron una alta proporción de fibra dietética así como un alto contenido en Ca. En el pan con 25% de harina de arroz se observó un aumento significativo del nivel de trifosfatos de mio-inositol, sugiriendo una mayor hidrólisis de fitatos. Es importante considerar que la biodisponibilidad de minerales en los productos integrales está relacionada con el proceso de elaboración del pan, y principalmente por la presencia de fitatos, estando presentes en altas proporciones en las formulaciones con 50% de quínoa y de arroz, por lo que se estima una baja biodisponibilidad de estos minerales.[EN] The objective of the present investigation was to determine the technological and nutritional characteristics of breads formulated with the addition of 25 and 50% of whole rice flour (Oryza sativa L), whole quinoa flour (Chenopodium quinoa L), and whole rye flour (Secale cereale L) in a wheat conventional recipe. The quality of the final products was analysed by the loaf specific volume, width/height ratio of the central slice, crust and crumb colour, crumb firmness, moisture, dietary fibre, phytate content, minerals, kinetic of amylopectin retrogradation by differential scanning calorimeter, study the antioxidant effect and sensory evaluation by hedonic scale. The addition of several whole flours in the recipe produced a decrease on the specific volume and increase on crumb firmness, and the kinetic of amylopectin retrogradation showed significant differences comparing to the control sample. However, it was observed a good sensory product acceptance by consumers. Samples with quinoa significantly increased the levels of Ca and Zn comparing to control sample. On the other hand, breads with whole rye flour showed a high content of fibers (soluble and insoluble) and Ca. Breads made with 25% of whole rice flour presented a high triphosphate of mio-inositol. Results showed that it is possible to use up to 25% of whole rice flour in the formulation of bread without losing quality. However, the bioavailability of the minerals in whole grain breads depends of the formulation and breadmaking process, basically by the presence of phytates. In fact, the concentration of phytates significantly increased in breads made with 50% of whole rice or quinoa whole flours decreasing the mineral availability as predicted by inhibitory threshold values for mineral absorption.[CA] El propòsit d'aquest treball va ser determinar les característiques tecnològiques i nutricionals del pa elaborat per reemplaçament de 25 i 50% de farina de blat per farina d'arròs (Oryza sativa, L), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, L) i ségol (Secale cereale, L.). La qualitat del pa es va avaluar mitjançant els següents paràmetres: volum específic, aspecte de la llesca central, duresa de la molla, color de la molla i de la crosta, humitat, fibra dietètica, fitats, minerals, cinètica de la retrogradació de l'amilopectina per calorímetre diferencial de rastreig, efecte de protecció del estrés oxidatiu i avaluació sensorial mitjançant escala hedónica. L'incorporació de les diferents farines al pa va modificar la cinètica de retrogradació de l'amilopectina en comparació amb la mostra control. També va afectar en una reducció del volum de la peça panaria i en un aument de la duresa. No obstant això, es va observar una alta acceptació global per part del consumidor. En referència als minerals, el Ca i el Zn podrien estar biodisponibles en totes le formulacions de pa estudiades. Particularment, l'incorporació de quinoa va incrementar els nivells de Ca i de Zn en comparació amb les mostres control. El pa elaborat amb el 25% de ségol va mostrar una alta proporció de fibra dietètica així com un contingut en Ca elevat. El pa amb el 25% de farina d'arròs va mostrar un increment significatiu del nivell de trifosfats de mio-inositol, sugerint una alta hidròlisi de fitats. No obstant, la biodisponibilitat del minerals en el pa està relacionada amb el mètode d'elaboració i basicament per la presència de fitats, trobant-se en quantitats elevades en el pa amb 50% d'arròs i quinoa i estimant-se una baixa biodisponibilitat d'aquests.Sancho Robles, M. (2013). Evaluación de la calidad tecnológica, nutricional y sensorial de productos de panadería por sustitución de harina de trigo por harinas integrales de centeno, arroz o quínoa. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/33279.Archivo delegad

Quality label and geographical indications as a business strategy: the case of ‘Brandy de Jerez’ from a PR perspective

La Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP), como label de calidad, supone una doble perspectiva: un valor añadido a la marca del producto, al tiempo que es una garantía de calidad mínima. Sirve para hacer alusión a productos de la industria agroalimentaria que se identifican por unas características diferentes y propias que se derivan de su procedencia geográfica, añadiendo percepción pública del mismo, controles y normativas estrictas de elaboración y un marco legal específico. En este sentido, las indicaciones geográficas protegidas juegan un importante papel en la gestión empresarial y, desde una óptica comunicacional, un rol fundamental en la gestión de las RR.PP. En este estudio realizamos un estudio del Consejo Regulador de la indicación geográfica protegida Brandy de Jerez a través del estudio de caso combinado con otras técnicas de investigación como son la entrevista, la observación directa y la consulta de fuentes de datos secundarios. Consideramos, pues, a partir de las veinte memorias anuales que el Consejo Regulador de la indicación geográfica protegida Brandy de Jerez emitió desde 1989 hasta 2008, la relación existente entre el label de calidad IGP y la gestión de las RR.PP. de las empresas y productos que quedan bajo el amparo esta protección.‘Indicación Geográfica Protegida’ (IGP) as quality label have a double perspective: value to the product brand and quality assurance that it is add to the product. Used to make reference to the food industry products that are identified by different characteristics and own derived from their geographical origin, adding public perception thereof, strict controls and regulations development and a specific legal framework. In this sense, geographical indications play an important role in business management from a communication perspective, a fundamental role in the management of PR in this study conducted a study of the ‘Consejo Regulador’ of the protected geographical indication ‘Brandy de Jerez’ (Sherry) through the case study combined with other investigative techniques such as interviews, direct observation and consultation of secondary data sources. We believe, therefore, from the twenty annual reports to the ‘Consejo Regulador de la indicación geográfica protegia del Brandy de Jerez’ issued from 1989 to 2008, the relationship between the IGP quality label and management of PR companies and products that fall under the umbrella protection

Fouling characterisation in PVDF membrane contactors for dissolved methane recovery from anaerobic effluents: effect of surface organofluorosilanisation

Characterisation of the fouling attached to PVDF membranes treating an anaerobic effluent for dissolved CH4 recovery was carried out. A commercial flat-sheet PVDF membrane and a PVDF functionalised by grafting of organofluorosilanes (mPVDF) that increased its hydrophobicity were subjected to a continuous flux of an anaerobic reactor effluent in long-term operation tests (> 800 h). The fouling cakes were studied by the membrane autopsy after these tests, combining a staining technique, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX, and the fouling extraction with water and NaOH solutions. Both organic and inorganic fouling were observed, and the main foulants were proteins, polysaccharides, and different calcium and phosphate salts. Also, a significant amount of live cells was detected on the fouling cake (especially on the non-modified PVDF). Although the fouling cake composition was quite heterogeneous, a stratification was observed, with the inorganic fouling mainly in the bulk centre of the cake and the organic fouling mainly located in the lower and upper surfaces of the cake. The mPVDF suffered a more severe fouling, likely owing to a stronger hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction with the foulants. Irreversible fouling remained on both membranes after the extraction, although a higher irreversible fouling was detected in the mPVDF; however, a complete polysaccharide removal was observed. Regarding the operation performance, PVDF showed a lower stability and suffered a severe degradation, resulting in a lower thickness and perforations. Finally, the decrease in the methane recovery performance of both membranes was associated with the fouling depositions

Non-coding RNA regulation in reproduction: their potential use as biomarkers

[EN] Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulatory elements in most biological processes and reproduction is also controlled by them. The different types of ncRNAs, as well as the high complexity of these regulatory pathways, present a complex scenario; however, recent studies have shed some light on these questions, discovering the regulatory function of specific ncRNAs on concrete reproductive biology processes. This mini review will focus on the role of ncRNAs in spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and their potential use as biomarkers for reproductive diseases or for reproduction successSIThe authors would like to acknowledge project AGL2015-68330-C2-1-R (MINECO/FEDER) PTA2016-11987-I contract (MINECO/FEDER) and AQUA-CIBUS international net 318RT0549 funded by CYTE

La población no adulta del asentamiento de la Edad del Cobre de Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla): una aproximación demográfica, contextual y sociológica

This article draws together work from previous studies and new mortuary evidence in order to describe the non-adult population at the Copper Age settlement of Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla). In total, we examine 39 non-adult individuals found in a range of burial structures which span the entire chronology of the site. We observed a high variability in both the proportion of the non-adult segment of the population interred in each burial structure, as well as evidence of differentiated funerary treatment related to age. We discuss the distribution of these individuals across different types of burials, as well as their association with adult individuals and grave goods, thus providing the basis for an assessment of their demographic and social significance.A partir de la revisión de estudios previos y de la aportación de datos inéditos se realiza un análisis de la población no adulta del asentamiento de la Edad del Cobre de Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla). En total se examinan 39 sujetos no adultos inhumados en contenedores funerarios de distinto tipo y repartidos a lo largo de la amplia cronología de este asentamiento. Como resultado se constata la alta variabilidad de la proporción de este segmento de la población en las estructuras funerarias de Valencina así como la existencia de indicios de un tratamiento diferenciado para el mismo. Como parte de la discusión se examina la asociación de estos individuos con tipos de contenedores funerarios, individuos adultos y ajuares, valorándose su significación demográfica y social

The Trade-FDI Nexus: Evidence from the European Union

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between international trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) empirically. It analyses whether the reduction of trade barriers over time has increased FDI for the particular case of the European Union (EU) during the period from 1995 to 2009. To analyze this issue the authors estimate in first place the European Border Effect by means of a gravity equation. Once the border effect is obtained we test whether there is a positive (complementary) or negative (substitution) relationship between this border effect and the FDI within the European countries. A gravity model for trade and FDI is estimated using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood. The results suggest that there is a positive and decreasing border effect up to 2007 while it turns upward for 2008 and 2009, offsetting the previous decline. For the particular case of the EU, commercial integration and FDI reinforce each other, thus being complements rather than substitutes. In addition to trade integration measures, this paper also analyzes the potential role of other traditional determinants of FDI, as the market size of the host country and the cost differential among home-host economies. Cost differentials are not as relevant as the possibility of gaining market share which leads us to conclude that in the EU the FDI pattern follows a market-seeking strategy rather than a cost-efficient model

FDI, trade integration and the border effect: evidence from the European Union

This paper intends to combine two fields in the economic literature by examining empirically the FDI pattern –horizontal versus vertical– within the European Union and the relevance of trade integration as a potential determinant of investment flows over the period 1995-2009. We capture trade integration by estimating the magnitude and evolution of the home bias or border effect rather than by using other indicators such as the openness rate or the existence of tariffs and non-tariff barriers. We find that, for the particular case of the EU, it is not possible to strictly discriminate between horizontal or vertical FDI. The market-seeking strategy appears to be more important than factor-proportion related motivations; however, the robust relationship of complementarity between trade integration and FDI provides at least one argument in support of vertical FDI and suggests that the vertical model cannot be dismissed entirely

Library research support services: the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech case

This chapter addresses library research services at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech (UPC), an institution engaged with science and technology that clearly emerges as a research university. Due to the attributes of the UPC, its library, publications, and archives services differ from traditional libraries and have been transformed over its lifetime to offer services to researchers that fit their current and future needs. Librarians are actively seeking personalized solutions to meet researchers' needs. The Research Service Charter of the UPC libraries includes a range of assets related to UPC researchers as producers of new scientific output and as primary agents of its dissemination.Postprint (published version