A cryptic species of freshwater fishes in Southern Spain is found by way of molecular analysis of the genus Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (Acanthopterygii, Cyprinidae)

Poster presentado en: 16th Conference Young Systematists’ Forum, At Natural History Museum, London, UK, (2014)The taxonomy of the Spanish freshwater fishes was mainly precluded for the monumental work of Lozano Rey (1935). This work considered the same origin to the Iberian and the rest of European fish fauna. Differences in morphology many times were assigned to small local variations and Spanish populations were attributed taxonomically to subspecies of well recognized central and north European species. This vision of Spanish freshwater fishes has changed because of molecular systematics, which found a high diversity and different origins to this fish fauna. The number of species was increasing since 1980 and an endemic cyprinid, Squalius malacitanus (Doadrio and Carmona, 2006), was currently described. As consequence of a phylogeographical approach to all populations of Squalius malacitanus using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers, we found two deep divergent groups. These two groups have higher divergences than other Spanish species of same genus.This study was funded by project CGL2010-15231BOS.Peer reviewe

Effects of Pleistocene marine transgressions on the evolutionary history of the genus Squalius (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Southern Iberia

Póster presentado en: V Jornadas Ibéricas de Ictiología (SIBIC), At Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência ( Lisboa, Portugal), 2014[EN] To study the effects that these geological and climatic events could have had above populations of freshwater fishes inhabiting Southern Spain during Cenozoic period in Gibraltar Strait region, we carried out a phylogeographical and demographic approach of two species of primary freshwater fishes (Squalius malacitanus and Squalius pyrenaicus) using nuclear and mitochondrial genes as molecular markers. In the phylogenetic study our results showed four well-differenced groups, divided into two main phylogroups, belonging to each studied species and reflecting an allopatric distribution. The two groups found in the species Squalius malacitanus have higher divergences than S. pyrenaicus . Therefore, we conducted a molecular and morphometric study of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations to characterize the two populations from a taxonomic point of view. In both species, Mediterranean populations showed a lower genetic diversity than Atlantic populations and we observed a correlation between area basin and genetic diversity. Moreover, we carried out a study of endemic and endangered species S. malacitanus.[ES] Primary freshwater fishes, whose dispersion is limited mainly to inside river basins, are commonly used with biogeographical purposes. The Gibraltar Strait area is one of the most complex biogeographical regions during the Cenozoic due to tectonical and climatic processes, which must severely affect to populations of organisms inhabiting this area. To study the effects that these geological and climatic events could have had above populations of freshwater fishes inhabiting Southern Spain, we realized a phylogeographical and demographic approach of two species: Squalius malacitanus and Squalius pyrenaicus, using cytochrome b (mtDNA) and RAG-1 (nDNA) as molecular markers. Both S. malacitanus and S. pyrenaicus are primary fish belonging to Cyprinidae family and endemic from the Iberian Peninsula. The species S malacitanus has a more restricted distribution area, is only present in southern Spain, and has been listed as endangered in (lo saqué de Kottelat). We carried out a study of S. malacitanus habitat availability to predict its future distribution and the most important variables to improve its conservation status. Our results showed four well-differenced groups in the phylogenetic study, grouped into two main phylogroups, belonging to each studied species and reflecting an allopatric distribution. The two groups found in the species Squalius malacitanus have higher divergences than S. pyrenaicus and are distributed one by the Atlantic slope of Gibraltar Strait and the other by the Mediterranean ones. In both species, Mediterranean populations showed a lower genetic diversity than Atlantic populations and we observed a correlation between area basin and genetic diversity. Moreover, we conducted a molecular and morphometric study of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations to characterize the two populations since a taxonomic point of view.This study was funded by project CGL2010-15231BOSPeer reviewe

Engagement Analysis on Instagram: Contributions to the Co-Creation of Tourism Experiences

[EN] This paper analyses the content of accommodation´ profiles on the social network Instagram, by applying an engagement analysis, to deepen in the scientific knowledge of the Instagram's role in the tourism industry. In this context, the authors aim to examine how the co-creation of experiences between accommodation providers and tourists influences the engagement of the latter associated with destinations. This study has significant managerial implications as it looks at how tourist companies can use social media to promote memorable tourist experiences that influence satisfaction and loyalty towards a destination. The innovation of this research is based on the methodology applied and data obtained in the tourism sector. An OSINT technique is applied to perform web scraping on Instagram capable of obtaining all the posts (n=10,017) of the profiles with their associated metadata. By analyzing their content and engagement, accommodation providers can develop more effective strategies to improve their brands. The article discusses how tourists use social media to express their perceptions towards tourist service brands or destinations. Finally, the study highlights the relationships between the engagement of tourists towards a destination with the content category and the media type on Instagram as they are crucial in shaping future tourists' perceptions.Andrade-Cunha, M.; Irimia-Diéguez, A.; Perea, D. (2023). Engagement Analysis on Instagram: Contributions to the Co-Creation of Tourism Experiences. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 113-114. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/20175811311

Modelos de propulsión y su evolución: viabilidad de las energías renovables en el sector aeronáutico

Trabajo Fin de Grado en Gestión Aeronáutica. Curso Académico 2019-2020Mediante el siguiente Trabajo de Fin de Grado, se pretende realizar una pequeña valoración sobre los tipos de combustible y otras formas de propulsión utilizadas en la aviación principalmente comercial, comparándolos con las nuevas formas de propulsión que se han ido desarrollando hasta la fecha. Se realizará un catálogo de aquellas energías consideradas como renovables o que generan un menor impacto en el medioambiente, realizando un mayor hincapié, en aquellas más viables o realizables a nivel de inversión, tecnología, comodidad para el sector y sobre todo tiempo de implantación. Asimismo, se intentará comentar el impacto medioambiental de las aeronaves actuales y frente a los posibles diseños de futuras aeronaves, e incluso impactos tanto sociales como económicos, de un transporte aéreo sostenible. Y finalmente se revisará a grandes rasgos, la normativa afectadaThrough the following Final Degree Project, it is intended to make a small assessment of the types of fuel and other forms of propulsion used in mainly commercial aviation, comparing them with the new forms of propulsion that have been developed to date. A catalogue will be made of those energies considered to be renewable or those that generate the least impact on the environment, with a greater emphasis on those that are most feasible at investment, technology, comfort level for the sector and, above all, implementation time. Likewise, an attempt will be made to comment the environmental impact of current aircraft and against the possible designs of future aircraft, and even social and economic impacts of sustainable air transport. And finally the affected regulations will be reviewed in broad stroke

Kosovar Refugee Assessments in Montenegro and A1bania

Following NATO bombings on the 24th of March 1999, Serbian armed forces provoked a massive population exodus of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo, an autonomous province of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In June 1999, UNHCR reparted that 600,000 Kosovars had found refuge in neighbouring countries. ln order to assess the situation of Kosovar refugees, two surveys were carried out in Rozaje, Republic of Montenegro, and in Kukes, Albania, in April 1999. The main goal was to assess human rights violations. This paper describes the results of these surveys.Suite aux bombardements de l'OTAN du 24 mars 1999, les forces armées serbes ont déclenché un exode massif des populations de souche albanaise du Kosovo, une province autonome de la République Fédéralede Yougoslavie. En juin 1999, le Haut Commissariat de l'ONU pour les Réfugiés rapportait que 600,000 kosovars avaient trouvé refuge dans les nations avoisinantes. Dans le but d'évaluer la situation des réfugiés kosovars, deux enquêtes ont été menées à Rozaje, République du Monténégro, et à Kikes, Albanie, en avril 1999. Le but principal des enquêtes était de prendre la mesure des violations aux droits humains. Cet article décrit le résultat de ces enquêtes

Endocannabinoids induce lateral long-term potentiation of transmitter release by stimulation of gliotransmission

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) play key roles in brain function, acting as modulatory signals in synaptic transmission and plasticity. They are recognized as retrograde messengers that mediate long-term synaptic depression (LTD), but their ability to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) is poorly known. We show that eCBs induce the long-term enhancement of transmitter release at single hippocampal synapses through stimulation of astrocytes when coincident with postsynaptic activity. This LTP requires the coordinated activity of the 3 elements of the tripartite synapse: 1) eCB-evoked astrocyte calcium signal that stimulates glutamate release; 2) postsynaptic nitric oxide production; and 3) activation of protein kinase C and presynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, whose location at presynaptic sites was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. Hence, while eCBs act as retrograde signals to depress homoneuronal synapses, they serve as lateral messengers to induce LTP in distant heteroneuronal synapses through stimulation of astrocytes. Therefore, eCBs can trigger LTP through stimulation of astrocyte-neuron signaling, revealing novel cellular mechanisms of eCB effects on synaptic plasticity.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain (MINECO; BFU2010-15832), European Union (HEALTH-F2-2007-202167), and Cajal Blue Brain to A.A. Grants from Spain (MINECO; BFU-2009-08404 and CSD2008-00005) to R.L. Grants from Spain (MINECO; Consolider, CSD2010-00045; Ramón y Cajal Program, RYC-2012-12014; and BFU2013-47265) to G.P.Peer Reviewe

Does narrator variability facilitate incidental word learning in the classroom?

Published online: 20 September 2021Recent studies have revealed that presenting novel words across various contexts (i.e., contextual diversity) helps to consolidate the meaning of these words both in adults and children. This effect has been typically explained in terms of semantic distinctiveness (e.g., Semantic Distinctiveness Model, Jones et al., Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(2), 115, 2012). However, the relative influence of other, non-semantic, elements of the context is still unclear. In this study, we examined whether incidental learning of new words in children was facilitated when the words were uttered by several individuals rather than when they were uttered by the same individual. In the learning phase, the to-be-learned words were presented through audible fables recorded either by the same voice (low diversity) or by different voices (high diversity). Subsequently, word learning was assessed through two orthographic and semantic integration tasks. Results showed that words uttered by different voices were learned better than those uttered by the same voice. Thus, the benefits of contextual diversity in word learning extend beyond semantic differences among contexts; they also benefit from perceptual differences among contexts.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities: PSI2017-86210-P

La colección «Plantes d´Espagne, 1849» de Eugène Bourgeau, en el herbario del Real Colegio Alfonso XII de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid (España)

En el herbario del Real Colegio Alfonso XII de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, están depositadas varias de las exsiccata repartidas por Eugène Bourgeau a lo largo de su vida. En este trabajo se presentan los materiales que se conservan de la colección que llamó «Plantes d´Espagne, 1849». Su interés histórico se acrecienta al contar con plantas utilizadas por Willkomm y Lange para establecer la distribución de las especies en la obra Prodromus florae hispanicae