Las infecciones respiratorias agudas en el contexto de la pandemia de influenza A(H1N1)

Fundamento: las infecciones respiratorias agudas están dentro de las primeras causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. Objetivo: caracterizar las infecciones respiratorias agudas en el contexto de la pandemia de influenza en la provincia Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de serie de casos con 844 pacientes ingresados con el diagnóstico de enfermedad tipo influenza, 806 sospechosos y 38 confirmados con influenza pandémica. Se hizo un análisis de las infecciones respiratorias agudas, describiendo la pandemia en espacio y tiempo. Se compararon sospechosos y confirmados según variables generales, factores de riesgo y elementos clínicos de interés, se mostró el aislamiento virológico y la clasificación de los casos confirmados según fuente de infección y evolución en el tiempo. La información se recogió del Departamento de Estadística del Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología y de la base de datos de los pacientes ingresados. Se emplearon porcentajes, tasas, media, desviación estándar y la técnica Chi cuadrado con un error del 5 %.Resultados: las infecciones respiratorias agudas incrementaron su morbilidad a partir del año 2008, dado en gran medida por la repercusión de la pandemia y el incremento en la vigilancia clínico-epidemiológica. Se demostró su asociación con factores de riesgo como: embarazo, enfermedades crónicas y viajes al extranjero y se observó la circulación del virus pandémico con desplazamiento de los virus estacionales y predominio de los casos autóctonos.Conclusiones: las características de la influenza pandémica en la provincia no difieren en gran medida de las que se han descrito a nivel mundial y en el país

PTEN Activity Defines an Axis for Plasticity at Cortico-Amygdala Synapses and Influences Social Behavior

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and autism-associated gene that exerts an important influence over neuronal structure and function during development. In addition, it participates in synaptic plasticity processes in adulthood. As an attempt to assess synaptic and developmental mechanisms by which PTEN can modulate cognitive function, we studied the consequences of 2 different genetic manipulations in mice: presence of additional genomic copies of the Pten gene (Ptentg) and knock-in of a truncated Pten gene lacking its PDZ motif (Pten-ΔPDZ), which is required for interaction with synaptic proteins. Ptentg mice exhibit substantial microcephaly, structural hypoconnectivity, enhanced synaptic depression at cortico-amygdala synapses, reduced anxiety, and intensified social interactions. In contrast, Pten-ΔPDZ mice have a much more restricted phenotype, with normal synaptic connectivity, but impaired synaptic depression at cortico-amygdala synapses and virtually abolished social interactions. These results suggest that synaptic actions of PTEN in the amygdala contribute to specific behavioral traits, such as sociability. Also, PTEN appears to function as a bidirectional rheostat in the amygdala: reduction in PTEN activity at synapses is associated with less sociability, whereas enhanced PTEN activity accompanies hypersocial behavior.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2016-78071-R and SAF2015-62540-ERC to S.K.; PCIN-2016-095 and SAF2017-86983-R to J.A.E.; BFU201563769-R to R.L.; SAF2014-58598-JIN and RYC-2016-20414 to M.N.); Basque Ministry of Health (RIS3 and ELKARTEK to S.K.); University of the BasqueCountry (EHUrOPE14/03 to S.K.); Junta de Comunidades de Castilla–La Mancha (PPII2014-005-P to R.L.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2011-043464 to C.S.-P.)

Análisis del comportamiento infantil basado en la escala de Frankl durante la atención odontológica

Introducción: El éxito de la Odontopediatría depende, no sólo de las habilidades del profesional en cuanto a la técnica operatoria, sino también de la capacidad que posea de conseguir cooperación por parte de los pacientes. El miedo está catalogado dentro de las seis emociones básicas del ser humano junto a la tristeza, ira, alegría, sorpresa y el asco. Por muchos años el miedo ha sido reconocido como una fuente de problemas en el manejo de la conducta del paciente infantil en la situación odontopediátrica. Frankl y Wright describieron por primera vez las distintas formas de comportamiento del paciente pediátrico en el consultorio odontológico, clasificándolos en cuatro tipos de acuerdo al grado de respuesta conductual.Facultad de Odontologí

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Innovaciones y mejoras en el proyecto tutoría entre compañeros. Curso 2015-2016

Memoria ID-0137. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Endometritis poscesáreas en el Hospital Materno de Cienfuegos

Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles a las pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente por cesáreas en el Hospital Materno Provincial durante los meses de enero a julio de 1998. El universo de estudio estuvo representado por 31 pacientes. Los casos fueron 8 que se correspondieron con las pacientes que tuvieron endometritis y los controles 23. Para la recogida del dato primario se revisó el libro de operaciones y las historias clínicas obstétricas, escogiéndose las siguientes variables: edad de la madre, antecedentes de sepsis durante el embarazo, tipo de sepsis, rotura prematura de membranas, tiempo de trabajo de partos y manipulaciones realizadas. Los resultados se analizaron de forma computadorizada y encontramos que existe una probabilidad de endometritis en el 35 % de las pacientes con antecedentes de sepsis (PV+= 35), dentro de los riesgos más importantes se evidenció el antecedente de líquido meconial (25,8 %), seguido por la inducción (19,3 %).An analytical case-control study was conducted among patients who underwent cesarean sections at the Provincial Maternal Hospital from January to July, 1998. 31 patients were studied. There were 8 cases that corresponded to the patients with endometritis and 23 controls. To collect the primary data the registry of operations and the obstetric medical histories were reviewed and the following variables were selected: mother’s age, history of sepsis during pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, labor time and manoeuvres employed in the operation. The results were analyzed in a computer and we found that there is a probability of endometritis in 35 % of the patients with history of sepsis (VP + =35). The history of meconium (25.8 %) and induction (19.3 %) were among the most important risks

Risk Factors of Dental Cavities in Children

Background: Dental cavities are a kind of disease that is increasing. The quantitative change has also produced qualitative changes concerning the type, extension and location of the lesions. Objective: To identify the selected risks of dental cavities among the students of a primary school. Methods: An analytic investigation of the controls and cases performed during academic course 2004 to 2005. The universe was constituted by 320 students where 204 were selected for this study. The cases were selected among the children who were affected by cavities (102) and the controls were selected by a simple randomized sample, i.e. a control one for each case (102). A consultation was carried out in the school to value the risks and the presence of the disease. Affectation due to cavities, malocclusion, and parodontopathies, age, sex, scholar degree, bad oral hygiene, previous experience of cavities in primary and permanent dentition, saliva viscosity, dental overlapping, orthodontic treatment, and sugar candies ingestions were the variables analyzed. Results: It was corroborated that the 49.5 % of the cases were affected by cavities, 23 % by malocclusion, and parodontopathies were observed in the 2, 0 %. The 80.3 % of the cases had a very bad oral hygiene, 50 % presented saliva viscosity and 95.1 % of the cases used to ingest sugar candies. Conclusions: The association between the classic risks of dental cavities appearance such as bad oral hygiene, previous experience of cavities, saliva viscosity and sugar candies ingestion were shown in this study.</p

Risk of inn-hospital infection in neonatal care unit

Background: The newborn present the highest rates of nosocomial infections, which are an alarming challenge in the neonatology units. Objectives: to identify the risk factors of nosocomial infections and to determine the incidence rate of hospital infection in the newborn. Methods: Analytic study of cases and controls of nosocomial infections present in the neonatology service of the Universitary Provincial Hospital of Cienfuegos, from June 2002 to June 2003. Results and Conclusions: The incidence rate of intra-hospital infection was of 4,58 X 100. Children with more than 7 days old have 8,68 times more risk of suffering from that infection than those with less days. The infectious agent that could be isolated was that of Staphylococcus Coagulasa negative (20%).</strong