HIV Epidemiology in Uganda: survey based on age, gender, number of sexual partners and frequency of testing

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. When compared to the developed countries where HIV prevalence is on the decline, sub-Saharan Africa has experienced either a rise or stagnation in rates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to test and educate the community in the villages of Masajja and Kibiri of Wakiso district in Uganda for HIV and safe sex practices. Methods: A sociodemographic survey was also performed to obtain data for gender, age, number of sexual partners during the previous year, frequency of testing and if ever tested positive for other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Results: While 7 of the tested individuals were positive for HIV, 77 reported that they had once tested positive for other STDs. Of the 7 HIV positive individuals, 4 were females and 3 males. Over half of the tested individuals reported only one sexual partner in past 12 months and more than a quarter were sexually active with more than one partner. Majority of our population also reported getting HIV tested every 6 months or less. Conclusion: Robust implementation of methods such as education and frequent testing can lower Uganda’s prevalence of HIV even further.Keywords: HIV Epidemiology, age, gender, number of sexual partners, frequency of testing, Uganda

Pancreatic Cancer in Lynch Syndrome Patients

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer type in Lynch syndrome (LS) families, patients have also increased lifetime risk of other types of tumors. The accumulated risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) in LS patients is around 3.7% and developed tumors often present a characteristically medullary appearance with prominent lymphocytic infiltration. LS patients are considered in high risk for PC development as they present 8.6-fold increase compared with the general population. Here we review PC cases reported in LS patients and current management guidelines. Literature data show that LS is clearly associated with PC and recent publications also demonstrated a connection with pancreatic neoplasic precursor lesions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) in these patients. While screening techniques are well established for CRC detection, clear strategies are not yet uniform for PC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or endoscopic ultrasound every 1-2 years in MMR mutation carriers with PC in a first or second-degree relative is recommended. Better pancreatic cancer detection strategies should be urgently defined due to the importance of early diagnosis in this disease

The Minimum Income for Social Integration in Andalusia (Spain). Critical review and projection for the future

El presente artículo está basado en el Trabajo Fin de Grado en Trabajo Social realizado en la Universidad de Granada (España) por Marta Fuentes Herreros bajo la dirección de la Dra. María Teresa Díaz Aznarte.El presente artículo persigue analizar la Renta Mínima de Inserción Social en Andalucía. En primer lugar, se exponen los antecedentes normativos de esta prestación y la importancia de la crisis económica de 2008 y sus graves efectos en la vida de la sociedad española y andaluza, como una de las causas de su creación. Tras esto se realizará una revisión del régimen jurídico de la prestación resaltando los requisitos de acceso a la misma, para más adelante, dar paso a la exposición de la problemática y aspectos controvertidos derivados de su implementación. La metodología empleada para localizar los principales problemas prácticos que plantea esta figura, ha sido la revisión bibliográfica y un conjunto de entrevistas a informantes clave en el Centro de Servicios Sociales Comunitarios del distrito Chana en la ciudad Granada. Por último, se exponen las conclusiones derivadas de este análisis, acompañadas de propuestas para la mejora de la eficacia de la prestación.The purpose of the present article consists of analysing the Andalusian Guaranteed Minimum Social Income. Firstly, it is presented the normative background of this benefit, in addition to the importance of the economic crisis of 2008 and its serious impact on the Spanish and Andalusian society, a situation which led to the creation of this income. Then, the legal regime of this benefit will be reviewed, with a special emphasis on the requirements for access to it. There will also be a focus on the problems and controversial aspects resulting from its implementation. The methodology used to collect the main practical problems involved by this income includes the bibliographic review and a set of interviews conducted to key informants at the Community Social Services Centre in the district of Chana in the city of Granada. Finally, the conclusions derived from this analysis are presented, in addition to some proposals to improve the efficiency of this benefit.Departamento de Trabajo Social y Servicios Sociales; Facultad de Trabajo Socia

HIV Epidemiology in Uganda: survey based on age, gender, number of sexual partners and frequency of testing

Background:Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. When compared to the developed countries where HIV prevalence is on the decline, sub-Saharan Africa has experienced either a rise or stagnation in rates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to test and educate the community in the villages of Masajja and Kibiri of Wakiso district in Uganda for HIV and safe sex practices. Methods: A sociodemographic survey was also performed to obtain data for gender, age, number of sexual partners during the previous year, frequency of testing and if ever tested positive for other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Results: While 7 of the tested individuals were positive for HIV, 77 reported that they had once tested positive for other STDs. Of the 7 HIV positive individuals, 4 were females and 3 males. Over half of the tested individuals reported only one sexual partner in past 12 months and more than a quarter were sexually active with more than one partner. Majority of our population also reported getting HIV tested every 6 months or less. Conclusion: Robust implementation of methods such as education and frequent testing can lower Uganda\u2019s prevalence of HIV even further

La longevidad globalizada: un análisis de la esperanza de vida en España (1900-2050).

RESUMEN. En este trabajo se revisan las causas que han motivado la evolución de la esperanza de vida en España a lo largo del último siglo con la intención de inferir su comportamiento para las próximas décadas considerando, no sólo su pasado, sino también la fuerte relación que guardan los datos nacionales con los de otras regiones desarrolladas. Al situar las series españolas en el contexto internacional, se advierte que sus trayectorias responden a un proceso de convergencia hacia las longevidades propias de las regiones líderes. Atendiendo a esta relación, se ajustan sendos modelos logísticos a las series de máximos mundiales adaptándolos posteriormente a las particularidades del caso español. Con ello, se evita la subestimación sistemática en que incurren los estudios tradicionales cuando analizan la esperanza de vida obviando el contexto internacional o considerándolo únicamente de forma marginal.ABSTRACT. This paper examines the causes of the life expectancy evolution in Spain throughout the last century with the purpose to infer its behaviour for the next decades, considering not only its past, but also the strong relation of the national data with those from other developed regions. When locating the Spanish series in the international context, we notice that their trajectories respond to a convergence process towards the longevities of the leader countries. Considering this relation, we adjust logistic models to the series of world-wide maximums adapting them to the particularities of the Spanish case. This method allows us to avoid the systematic underestimation of traditional studies