Modelo de evaluación del riesgo en la entrada y difusión de agentes patógenos que afectan a las abejas en España

Desde la aparición a nivel mundial del fenómeno denominado despoblamiento masivo de las colmenas, se han intensificado los estudios para determinar cuáles son las causas que lo producen. Así mismo, la preocupación por el estado sanitario de las colmenas ha ido en aumento debido a que existe un mercado apícola más competitivo económicamente, y a que las actividades comerciales que involucran la compra-venta de productos apícolas han hecho aumentar el riesgo, de manera considerable, de enfermedades exóticas que afectan a las abejas. Nuestro objetivo principal es estudiar el estado sanitario y las prevalencias de las enfermedades apícolas presentes. La evaluación de riesgo aquí presentada incluye la identificación de las posibles vías de entrada y difusión de los agentes patógenos, a partir de la información obtenida de encuestas, realizadas para tal efecto, al sector apícola español, así como de bibliografía científica disponible.From the appearance worldwide of the phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), the studies have been intensified to determine which are the reasons that produce it. Likewise, the worry for the sanitary state of the beehives has gone in increase due to the fact that a beekeeping market exists more competitive economically, and to that the commercial activities that involve the dealing bee product have made increase the risk, of a considerable way, of exotic diseases of honeybees. Our principal aim is to study the sanitary state and the prevalences of the bees diseases present. The evaluation of risk here presented includes the identification of the possible routes of entry and spread of the pathogenic agents, from the information obtained of surveys, realized for such an effect, to the Spanish beekeeping, as well as of scientific available bibliograph

Resultados a medio plazo de la exéresis de la cabeza radial en mujeres adultas

Presentamos los resultados del tratamiento mediante exéresis de la cabeza radial en fracturas conminutas tipos III y IV de Mason, en 11 casos, todos ellos mujeres. Los resultados, evaluados entre 1 y 8 años después del tratamiento mediante un cuestionario estándar y un estudio clínico y radiológico de codo y la muñeca, fueron excelentes en 7 pacientes y buenos en 4, no obteniéndose resultados regulares o malos. Se observó el desplazamiento proximal del radio en 9 casos, pero los pacientes no mostraron limitaciones de la movilidad, inestabilidad del codo o dolor. Consideramos que en este tipo de pacientes, la escisión de la cabeza radial es un método satisfactorio de tratamiento, siendo de elección en casos en los que no es posible obtener una osteosíntesis estable.We present the results of radial head resection in comminuted Mason's types III and IV head fractures in 11 women. Outcome was evaluated between 1 and 8 years after the treatment by means of a standard questionnaire, clinical and radiological study of the elbow and the wrist. Excellent result was observed in 7 patients and good in 4. proximal displacement of the radius was documented in 9 cases, without motion limitation, instability of the elbow or pain. We consider that resection of the radial head is satisfactory method of treatment in cases in which stable internal fixation cannot be achieved

A methodological proposal and tool support for the HL7 standards compliance in the development of health information systems

Health information systems are increasingly complex, and their development is presented as a challenge for software development companies offering quality, maintainable and interoperable products. HL7 (Health level 7) International, an international non-profit organization, defines and maintains standards related to health information systems. However, the modelling languages proposed by HL7 are far removed from standard languages and widely known by software engineers. In these lines, NDT is a software development methodology that has a support tool called NDT-Suite and is based, on the one hand, on the paradigm of model-driven engineering and, on the other hand, in UML that is a widely recognized standard language. This paper proposes an extension of the NDT methodology called MoDHE (Model Driven Health Engineering) to offer software engineers a methodology capable of modelling health information systems conforming to HL7 using UML domain models

Enzyme-controlled sensing-actuating nanomachine based on Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles

[EN] Novel Janus nanoparticles with Au and mesoporous silica faces on opposite sides were prepared using a Pickering emulsion template with paraffin wax as the oil phase. These anisotropic colloids were employed as integrated sensing-actuating nanomachines for enzyme-controlled stimuli-responsive cargo delivery. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the successful use of the Janus colloids for controlled delivery of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride from the mesoporous silica face, which was grafted with pH-sensitive gatelike scaffoldings. The release was mediated by the on-demand catalytic decomposition of urea by urease, which was covalently immobilized on the Au face.R. V. acknowledges a Ramon & Cajal contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation CTQ2011-24355, CTQ2009-12650, CTQ2009-09351, MAT2009-14564-C04-01, MAT2012-38429-C04-01 and Comunidad de Madrid S2009/PPQ-1642, programme AVANSENS, is gratefully acknowledged. The Generalitat Valencia (project PROMETEO/2009/016) is also acknowledged.Villalonga, R.; Díez, P.; Sánchez, A.; Aznar, E.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Pingarrón, J. (2013). Enzyme-controlled sensing-actuating nanomachine based on Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chemistry - A European Journal. 19(24):7889-7894. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300723S788978941924Perro, A., Reculusa, S., Ravaine, S., Bourgeat-Lami, E., & Duguet, E. (2005). Design and synthesis of Janus micro- and nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 15(35-36), 3745. doi:10.1039/b505099eJiang, S., Chen, Q., Tripathy, M., Luijten, E., Schweizer, K. S., & Granick, S. (2010). Janus Particle Synthesis and Assembly. Advanced Materials, 22(10), 1060-1071. doi:10.1002/adma.200904094Lattuada, M., & Hatton, T. A. (2011). Synthesis, properties and applications of Janus nanoparticles. Nano Today, 6(3), 286-308. doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2011.04.008Tang, J. L., Schoenwald, K., Potter, D., White, D., & Sulchek, T. (2012). Bifunctional Janus Microparticles with Spatially Segregated Proteins. Langmuir, 28(26), 10033-10039. doi:10.1021/la3010079Kim, J.-W., Lee, D., Shum, H. C., & Weitz, D. A. (2008). Colloid Surfactants for Emulsion Stabilization. Advanced Materials, 20(17), 3239-3243. doi:10.1002/adma.200800484Synytska, A., Khanum, R., Ionov, L., Cherif, C., & Bellmann, C. (2011). Water-Repellent Textile via Decorating Fibers with Amphiphilic Janus Particles. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 3(4), 1216-1220. doi:10.1021/am200033uHowse, J. R., Jones, R. A. L., Ryan, A. J., Gough, T., Vafabakhsh, R., & Golestanian, R. (2007). Self-Motile Colloidal Particles: From Directed Propulsion to Random Walk. Physical Review Letters, 99(4). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.048102YOSHIDA, M., ROH, K., & LAHANN, J. (2007). Short-term biocompatibility of biphasic nanocolloids with potential use as anisotropic imaging probes. Biomaterials, 28(15), 2446-2456. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.048Salem, A. K., Searson, P. C., & Leong, K. W. (2003). Multifunctional nanorods for gene delivery. Nature Materials, 2(10), 668-671. doi:10.1038/nmat974Zhang, L., Zhang, F., Dong, W.-F., Song, J.-F., Huo, Q.-S., & Sun, H.-B. (2011). Magnetic-mesoporous Janus nanoparticles. Chem. Commun., 47(4), 1225-1227. doi:10.1039/c0cc03946bLee, J. E., Lee, N., Kim, T., Kim, J., & Hyeon, T. (2011). Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Accounts of Chemical Research, 44(10), 893-902. doi:10.1021/ar2000259Casasús, R., Climent, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Ruiz, E. (2008). Dual Aperture Control on pH- and Anion-Driven Supramolecular Nanoscopic Hybrid Gate-like Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(6), 1903-1917. doi:10.1021/ja0756772Bernardos, A., Mondragón, L., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Amorós, P. (2010). Enzyme-Responsive Intracellular Controlled Release Using Nanometric Silica Mesoporous Supports Capped with «Saccharides». ACS Nano, 4(11), 6353-6368. doi:10.1021/nn101499dCandel, I., Bernardos, A., Climent, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Parra, M. (2011). Selective opening of nanoscopic capped mesoporous inorganic materials with nerve agent simulants; an application to design chromo-fluorogenic probes. Chemical Communications, 47(29), 8313. doi:10.1039/c1cc12727fZhao, Y., Trewyn, B. G., Slowing, I. I., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2009). Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Based Double Drug Delivery System for Glucose-Responsive Controlled Release of Insulin and Cyclic AMP. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(24), 8398-8400. doi:10.1021/ja901831uFeng, Y., He, J., Wang, H., Tay, Y. Y., Sun, H., Zhu, L., & Chen, H. (2012). An Unconventional Role of Ligand in Continuously Tuning of Metal–Metal Interfacial Strain. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(4), 2004-2007. doi:10.1021/ja211086yChen, T., Chen, G., Xing, S., Wu, T., & Chen, H. (2010). Scalable Routes to Janus Au−SiO2and Ternary Ag−Au−SiO2Nanoparticles. Chemistry of Materials, 22(13), 3826-3828. doi:10.1021/cm101155vHong, L., Jiang, S., & Granick, S. (2006). Simple Method to Produce Janus Colloidal Particles in Large Quantity. Langmuir, 22(23), 9495-9499. doi:10.1021/la062716zPerro, A., Meunier, F., Schmitt, V., & Ravaine, S. (2009). Production of large quantities of «Janus» nanoparticles using wax-in-water emulsions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 332(1), 57-62. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.08.027Rodríguez-Fernández, D., Pérez-Juste, J., Pastoriza-Santos, I., & Liz-Marzán, L. M. (2012). Colloidal Synthesis of Gold Semishells. ChemistryOpen, 1(2), 90-95. doi:10.1002/open.201200002Jana, N. R., Gearheart, L., & Murphy, C. J. (2001). Seeding Growth for Size Control of 5−40 nm Diameter Gold Nanoparticles. Langmuir, 17(22), 6782-6786. doi:10.1021/la0104323FRENS, G. (1973). Controlled Nucleation for the Regulation of the Particle Size in Monodisperse Gold Suspensions. Nature Physical Science, 241(105), 20-22. doi:10.1038/physci241020a0Ghosh, S. K., & Pal, T. (2007). Interparticle Coupling Effect on the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoparticles:  From Theory to Applications. Chemical Reviews, 107(11), 4797-4862. doi:10.1021/cr0680282Jaroniec, C. P., Kruk, M., Jaroniec, M., & Sayari, A. (1998). Tailoring Surface and Structural Properties of MCM-41 Silicas by Bonding Organosilanes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102(28), 5503-5510. doi:10.1021/jp981304zJaroniec, C. P., Gilpin, R. K., & Jaroniec, M. (1997). Adsorption and Thermogravimetric Studies of Silica-Based Amide Bonded Phases. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(35), 6861-6866. doi:10.1021/jp964002aInnocenzi, P., Kozuka, H., & Yoko, T. (1997). Fluorescence Properties of the Ru(bpy)32+Complex Incorporated in Sol−Gel-Derived Silica Coating Films. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(13), 2285-2291. doi:10.1021/jp970004zStefanescu, M., Stoia, M., & Stefanescu, O. (2006). Thermal and FT-IR study of the hybrid ethylene-glycol–silica matrix. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 41(1), 71-78. doi:10.1007/s10971-006-0118-5Ammam, M., & Easton, E. B. (2012). Novel organic–inorganic hybrid material based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate and Dawson-type tungstophosphate K7[H4PW18O62]·18H2O as a bifuctional hydrogen peroxide electrocatalyst for biosensors. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 161(1), 520-527. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2011.10.070Leff, D. V., Brandt, L., & Heath, J. R. (1996). Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrophobic, Organically-Soluble Gold Nanocrystals Functionalized with Primary Amines. Langmuir, 12(20), 4723-4730. doi:10.1021/la960445uSahoo, B., Sahu, S. K., & Pramanik, P. (2011). A novel method for the immobilization of urease on phosphonate grafted iron oxide nanoparticle. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 69(3-4), 95-102. doi:10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.01.00

Provenance of the Variscan Upper Allochthon (Cabo Ortegal complex, NW Iberian Massif)

The NW Iberian Massif shows very good exposures and complete sections of the Variscan orogeny of Western Europe. Located above ophiolitic units which outline the Variscan suture, the Upper Allochthon (Upper Units) of the NW Iberian allochthonous complexes is composed of Early–Middle Cambrian magmatic arc related rocks, with siliciclastic and pelitic sedimentary series connected with basin development in this arc context. This Upper Allochthon can be followed in the same structural position along the Variscan belt, from the Iberian to the Bohemian Massifs. This study focusses on the provenance of the Cariño gneiss formation, a gneissic metasiliciclastic unit located in the uppermost structural position of the allochthonous Cabo Ortegal complex. U-Pb and Lu-Hf zircon (LA-ICPMS) and Sm-Nd whole rock analyses have been performed to document the provenance of this unit and so constrain the paleogeographic evolution of the Upper Allochthon. U-Pb geochronology of 6 samples indicates a Middle Cambrian maximum depositional age, with the following zircon age populations: Paleozoic–Neoproterozoic 36 %, Mesoproterozoic 3.6 %, Paleoproterozoic 46.8 % and Archean 13.6 %. Lu-Hf isotope analyses of these zircons typify Pan-African (Cadomian), Eburnean and Archean orogenic pulses in their respective source areas. Pan-African and Eburnean events entailed abundant input of juvenile material involving broad mixing with older crustal sources. Mesoproterozoic activity is scarce and scattered and so unlikely to represent a major crust generation pulse in the source area of the siliciclastic unit. Sm-Nd whole-rock analyses on 10 samples providean average depleted mantle model age of 1.73 Ga. This information is compatible with provenance from a source area with Archean crust that registered an important Eburnean orogenic cycle followed by a Pan-African–Cadomian event. Nd TDM ages suggest almost direct derivation from these sources. These data are interpreted as indicative of West Africa craton provenance. The siliciclastic series from which the Cariño gneisses were derived were probably deposited in a back-arc type basin where detritus were mostly sourced from the stable continental area instead of the magmatic arc. Pre-existing U-Pb and Sm-Nd data from another Upper Allochthon unit from NW Iberia (Órdenes complex) points to strong isotopic heterogeneity within this terrane, which is indicative of source area variability. This observation is interpreted to reflect either a temporal evolution of the arc or the possibility that the terrane represented by the Upper Units is composed of more than one domain of the arc-related system.Peer Reviewe

Formación continuada en un equipo de atención primaria: análisis de las sesiones docentes 1996-1998

ObjetivoDescribir las sesiones docentes de un equipo de atención primaria en el trienio 1996-1998. Identificar los profesionales que las realizaron, así como estudiar las áreas del conocimiento abordadas.DiseñoEstudio descriptivo transversal, retrospectivo.EmplazamientoCentro de salud docente perteneciente a una zona de salud rural.ParticipantesTotal de sesiones docentes realizadas durante el trienio estudiado (n = 249).IntervencionesDe la hoja de registro mensual del programa de formación continuada de nuestra gerencia, se extrajeron las siguientes variables: fecha actividad, duración, número de asistentes, tipo de sesión, profesional docente y contenido de actividad (clasificada por patología según órganos y sistemas para sesión bibliográfica, clínica y con experto; cartera servicios de atención primaria-INSALUD 1996 para sesión sobre programa; informática).Mediciones y resultados principalesSesiones por mes: media 6,9 (DE, 4,8). Media asistentes: 9,3 (DE, 3,01). Duración media: 36,5 minutos (DE, 11,0). Tipo de sesión: bibliográfica, 65,2%; sobre programa, 18; sesión con experto, 7,2; informática, 5,6; clínica, 4. Responsables docentes: médico residente, 39,4%; médico de familia tutor, 34,9; médico de familia no tutor, 7,2; ATS, 6,4; médico hospitalario, 4; médico de familia sustituto, 3,6; farmacéutico, 2,8; pediatra, 1,2; fisioterapeuta, 0,4. Contenido actividades más frecuentes: patología general inespecífica, 16,1%; enfermedades de la piel, 8,8, y enfermedades del sistema endocrino, 7,6%.ConclusionesBaja frecuencia de sesiones clínicas. Los responsables docentes fueron mayoritariamente médicos de familia tutores y médicos residentes, siendo escasa la participación del resto de personal.ObjectivesTo describe the teaching sessions of a primary care team in the three-year period 1996-1998. To identify the professionals who ran them and study the areas of knowledge tackled. Design. A retrospective, cross-over, descriptive study.SettingTeaching health centre belonging to a rural health district.ParticipantsAll the teaching sessions that took place during the three-year period (n = 249). Interventions. The following variables were extracted from the monthly register sheet of the ongoing training programme of our management: date of activity, duration, number attending, type of session, teaching professional and contents of activity (classified by pathology according to organs and systems for bibliographic, clinical and expert sessions; portfolio of 1996 Primary Care- INSALUD services for session on programme; computer studies).Measurements and main resultsMean sessions per month: 6.9 (SD: 4.8). Mean attendance: 9.3 persons (SD: 3.01). Mean length: 36.5 minutes (SD: 11.0). Type of session: bibliographic 65.2%, on programme 18%, session with expert 7.2%, computer studies 5.6%, clinical 4%. Responsible for teaching: intern 39.4%; family doctor tutor 34.9%; family doctor not a tutor 7.2%; nurse 6.4%; hospital doctor 4%; locum family doctor 3.6%; pharmacist 2.8%; paediatrician 1.2%; physiotherapist 0.4%. Most common contents: non-specific general pathology (16.1%), skin diseases (8.8%), diseases of the endocrine system (7.6%).ConclusionsLow frequency of clinical sessions. The teachers in charge were mainly family doctor tutors and interns, with the rest of the staff participating little

Aportación de la densitometría ósea en las artroplastias de rodilla

El presente trabajo consiste en una revisión clínica y radiológica de 84 artroplastias modulares de rodilla de las cuales, en 19 se ha estudiado la masa ósea periprotésica (7 cementadas y 12 sin cementar) antes, al mes y a los seis meses de la intervención mediante un densitómetro de doble fotón. Aparte, se ha probado la correlación directa entre la indicación peroperatoria de no cementar y una mayor masa ósea en todas las zonas periprotésicas; por otro lado, se ha observado una diferente distribución de la densidad mineral ósea en la tibia tras la intervención, según se haya utilizado o no cemento. Estos hallazgos confirman el estudio densitométrico previo a la intervención como un método complementario útil en la indicación de la cementación de la artroplastia total de rodilla.A clinical and radiological revision of 84 modular knee arthroplasties is presented. Periprosthesis bone mineral content was studied in 19 prostheses (7 cemented and 12 uncemented) before, surgery one and 6 months after the intervention using a densitometer of double energy. A direct correlation between the implantation of a non-cemented prosthesis and the growth of the bone mass in all the periprosthesis areas was found, existing a different distribution of the mineral bone density of the tibia after the intervention depending on the use of cement. These findings show that the densitometric study previous to an intervention as a useful complementary method in the indication of cemented total knee arthroplasty

Influencia de la marcha en la biomecánica del clavo de Grosse-Kempf

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer la influencia que tiene la deambulación en carga en la posibilidad de rotura del clavo centromedular encerrojado de fémur tipo Grosse- Kempf. El estudio ha consistido en 2 partes: en primer lugar se realiza un estudio estático-lineal del clavo mediante un programa de elementos finitos aplicándole las diferentes fuerzas que el clavo debe de soportar durante la marcha para conocer qué tipo de fuerzas son las que más afectan a su estructura; en segundo lugar hemos llevado a cabo un estudio cinemático-tridimensional de la marcha observando en qué fases de la misma se producen este tipo de fuerzas. Las fuerzas que más afectan al clavo son las de torsión, y el momento en que mayor fuerzas de este tipo se transmiten al clavo durante la marcha es al realizar el apoyo de la extremidad fracturada mientras la extremidad sana se encuentra en el aire. Como conclusión, no debe permitirse la deambulación total en carga en pacientes con el clavo colocado en estático ya que se corre un riesgo innecesario de rotura de material.This study was aimed at knowing the influence of gait with total weight bearing on the possibility of breakage of the Grosse-Kempf's locked femoral nail. The study consisted of two parts: firstly, we carry out a static linear study of the nail by means of a finite element method applying the different forces that the nail support during gait in order to know what type of forces affect more the structure.; secondly a kinematic-tridimensional study of gait was performed showing the phases in which the implant was more affected for different forces. Torsion forces specially at the single lines support phase during gait are the forces inducing the major stress at the implant. As conclusion, total weight bearing showed not be permited in patients with insufficient cortical support or static locking since there is an increase in the risk of breakage of the nail

A weed monitoring system using UAV-imagery and the Hough transform

Usually, crops require the use of herbicides as a useful manner of controlling the quality and quantity of crop production. Although there are weed-free areas, the most common approach is to broadcast herbicides entirely over crop fields, resulting in a reduction of profits and increase in environmental risks. Recently, patch spraying has allowed the use of site-specific weed management, allowing precise and timely weed maps at very early phenological stage, either by ground sampling or remote analysis. Remote imagery from piloted planes and satellites are not suitable for this purpose given their low spatial and temporal resolutions, however, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) represent an excellent alternative. This paper presents a new classification framework for weed monitoring via UAV showing promising results and accurate generalisation in different scenariosLos cultivos precisan del uso de herbicidas para controlar la calidad y cantidad de producción. A pesar de que las malas hierbas se distribuyen en rodales, la práctica más extendida es la fumigación de herbicidas en todo el cultivo, resultando en un aumento del coste y de riesgos mediambientales. La pulvericación por parches ha dado lugar al auge de otras técnicas de manejo de malas hierbas, permitiendo su tratamiento en un estado fenológico temprano. Las imágenes remotas de aviones pilotados o satélites no son útiles en este caso debido a su baja resolución espacial y temporal. Sin embargo, este no es el caso de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados. Este artículo presenta un nuevo método para monitorización de malas hierbas usando este tipo de vehículos, mostrando resultados prometedore