Quantitative determination of wine polysaccharides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MSD) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC)

Wine polysaccharides play an important role on a number of technological and quality properties of wines and thus several methods have been proposed for their quantification. The present study evaluates the suitability of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) for determining the content of wine monosaccharides and thus polysaccharide families. Factors affecting the yield of polysaccharide precipitation were firstly evaluated and the GC-MS method was characterised and compared with the previously reported GC-FID method. Repeatability and reproducibility values were similar in both methods, with values ranging from 1% to 14%. LODs obtained by MS were below 1.0 g for all monosaccharides and LOQs were below 1.8 g. Moreover, a recovery study of the whole method was carried out and it provided absolute recoveries between 81% and 116% for different wine samples, very good values taking into account the multi-step procedure. Both GC-MS and GC-FID were applied to determine the content of wine polysaccharide families in three wine samples and no significant differences were observed. Finally, high-resolution size exclusion chromatography with refractive index detector (HRSEC-RID) was applied to obtain the molecular weight distributions of the wine polysaccharides and to estimate their global content. The correlation observed between the polysaccharide values obtained with the GC method and the HRSEC-RID method (r = 0.746, p < 0.05) indicated that the latter could serve as a rapid and simple method to give an estimation of total wine polysaccharides although it can not be used to quantify in a precise way. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Light-induced ferroelectric modulation of p-n homojunctions in monolayer MoS2

The association of 2D materials and ferroelectrics offers a promisingapproach to tune the optoelectronic properties of atomically thin TransitionMetal Dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, the combined effect offerroelectricity and light on the optoelectronic properties of monolayer(1L)-MoS2 deposited on periodically poled lithium niobate crystals is explored.Using scanning micro-photoluminescence, the effect of excitation intensity,scanning direction, and domain walls on the 1L-MoS2 photoluminescenceproperties is analyzed, offering insights into charge modulation of MoS2 . Thefindings unveil a photoinduced charging process dependent on theferroelectric domain orientation, in which light induces charge generation andtransfer at the monolayer-substrate interface. This highlights the substantialrole of light excitation in ferroelectrically-driven electrostatic doping in MoS 2 .Additionally, the work provides insights into the effect of the strong,nanometrically confined electric fields on LiNbO3 domain wall surfaces,demonstrating precise control over charge carriers in MoS2 , and enabling thecreation of deterministic p-n homojunctions with exceptional precision. Theresults suggest prospects for novel optoelectronic and photonic applicationinvolving monolayer TMDs by combining light-matter interaction processesand the surface selectivity provided by ferroelectric domain structuresPID2019-108257GB-I00, PID2022-137444NB-I00, TED2021-132219A-I00, PID2022-142331NB-I00, PID2019-108257GB-I00, PID2019-106268GB-C31, PID2022-138908NB-C3

Utilization study in real clinical practice of ceftolozane/tazobactam vs aminoglycosides and/or colistin in the treatment of multirresistant or extremely resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Introduction. Comparative “real life” data on the effectiveness and safety of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) versus other regimens (aminoglycosides/colistin/combination), in the treatment of multi-resistant (MDR) and extremely resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), are needed to establish positions. Material and methods. Observational, retrospective study of patients with microbiological confirmation of MDR and XDR PA from July 2016 up to December 2018 in a tertiary hospital. Variables: age, sex, comorbidities, risk factors for multidrug resistance, variables related to infection, source of infection, microorganism and type of sample, antibiotic treatment, clinical cure, microbiological cure, recurrence, mortality on admission and 30 days post-discharge. Patients were classified according to received antibiotic treatment, C/T or aminoglycosides/colistin/combination Results. A total of 405 patients with PA MDR and XDR infection (73.1% men, mean age 63 ± 15 years) were studied. An 87.1% of PA XDR and a 12.9% MDR were observed. All patients received C/T as targeted therapy and in the amino-glycosides/colistin/combination group were 73.5%. Patients in the C/T group present worse prognostic factors: septic shock (30.0%) and catheterization (90.0%) (p<0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in microbiological cure (p=0.412), recurrence (p=0.880) and clinical cure (p=0.566). There were not statistically significant differences in mortality at admission (p=0.352) or at 30 days after discharge (p=0.231). A 17.2% of the patients with aminoglycosides/colistin/combination had acute kidney injury according to RIFLE criteria and 4.3% with C/T. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that there have been no differences in effectiveness (clinical or microbiological cure) in favour of C/T, although, in the period studied, it was used in most cases in multitreated patients with a worse prognosis. Randomized and prospective studies would be needed to establish an adequate positioning. © The Author 2021

Associations between eating speed, diet quality, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Objective: To assess the associations between eating speed, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and diet quality in a cohort of Spanish preschool-children. Study design: A cross-sectional study in 1371 preschool age children (49% girls; mean age, 4.8 ± 1.0 years) from the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort was conducted. After exclusions, 956 participants were included in the analyses. The eating speed was estimated by summing the total minutes used in each of the 3 main meals and then categorized into slow, moderate, or fast. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the β-coefficient, or OR and 95% CI, between eating speed and body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile. Results: Compared with participants in the slow-eating category, those in the fast-eating category had a higher prevalence risk of overweight/obesity (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4; P < .01); larger waist circumference (β, 2.6 cm; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8 cm); and greater FMI (β, 0.3 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.5 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (β, 2.8 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.6-4.9 mmHg), and fasting plasma glucose levels (β, 2.7 mg/dL, 95% CI, 1.2-4.2 mg/dL) but lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (β, −0.5 points; 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 points). Conclusions: Eating fast is associated with higher adiposity, certain cardiometabolic risk factors, and lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Further long-term and interventional studies are warranted to confirm these associations

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years, 65 to 80 years, and = 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. Results: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 = 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients =80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%, 65 years; 20.5%, 65-79 years; 31.3%, =80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%, <65 years;30.1%, 65-79 years;34.7%, =80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%, =80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age = 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI = 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88), and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared, the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age = 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI), and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Update of the PANCCO clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the adult population

Ulcerative colitis (US) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology. It is incurable and its clinical course is intermittent, characterized by periods of remission and relapse. The prevalence and incidence of the disease has been increasing worldwide. The update presented herein includes the participation of healthcare professionals, decision-makers, and a representative of the patients, all of whom declared their conflicts of interest. Answerable clinical questions were formulated, and the outcomes were graded. The information search was conducted on the Medline/PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, and LILACS databases, and covered grey literature sources, as well. The search was updated on November 30, 2020, with no restrictions regarding date or language. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) classification system was implemented to establish the strength of the recommendation and quality of evidence. A formal consensus was developed, based on the RAND/UCLA methodology and the document was peer reviewed. The short version of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in the Adult Population is presented herein, together with the supporting evidence and respective recommendations. In mild-to-moderate UC, budesonide MMX is an option when treatment with 5-ASA fails, and before using systemic steroids. In moderate-to-severe UC, infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib can be used as first-line therapy. If there is anti-TNF therapy failure, ustekinumab and tofacitinib provide the best results. In patients with antibiotic-refractory pouchitis, anti-TNFs are the treatment of choice

Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of intraventricular conduction defects in patients with chronic heart failure

Intraventricular conduction defects (IVCDs) can impair prognosis of heart failure (HF), but their specific impact is not well established. This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcomes of HF patients with LBBB, right bundle branch block (RBBB), left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and no IVCDs. Clinical variables and outcomes after a median follow-up of 21 months were analysed in 1762 patients with chronic HF and LBBB (n = 532), RBBB (n = 134), LAFB (n = 154), and no IVCDs (n = 942). LBBB was associated with more marked LV dilation, depressed LVEF, and mitral valve regurgitation. Patients with RBBB presented overt signs of congestive HF and depressed right ventricular motion. The LAFB group presented intermediate clinical characteristics, and patients with no IVCDs were more often women with less enlarged left ventricles and less depressed LVEF. Death occurred in 332 patients (interannual mortality = 10.8%): cardiovascular in 257, extravascular in 61, and of unknown origin in 14 patients. Cardiac death occurred in 230 (pump failure in 171 and sudden death in 59). An adjusted Cox model showed higher risk of cardiac death and pump failure death in the LBBB and RBBB than in the LAFB and the no IVCD groups. LBBB and RBBB are associated with different clinical profiles and both are independent predictors of increased risk of cardiac death in patients with HF. A more favourable prognosis was observed in patients with LAFB and in those free of IVCDs. Further research in HF patients with RBBB is warranted

Caracterización Enológica de Vinos Elaborados con Variedades Minoritarias de La Rioja con diferentes vinificaciones y añadas

En esta Tesis se presenta por primera vez la caracterización enológica de los vinos varietales obtenidos de las variedades minoritarias tintas de La Rioja Monastel, Maturana Tinta y Maturana Tinta de Navarrete, usando a la variedad Tempranillo como referencia. La caracterización se realizó en términos de color, composición fenólica, composición de aminoácidos y aminas biógenas, composición volátil, polisacáridos y análisis sensorial. Todos los vinos presentaron un alto contenido en polifenoles y resveratrol, indicando un buen potencial para su envejecimiento y unas buenas características antioxidantes. Los niveles de histamina en todos los vinos se encontraron por debajo de los límites de riesgo para la salud humana. En el perfil olfativo, los vinos de Maturana Tinta de Navarrete destacaron por tener un perfil aromático característico, especiado y de pimienta, y diferente al resto de vinos que existen en el mercado. Los vinos estudiados se diferenciaron varietalmente en función del perfil de antocianos, del ratio de los ácidos hidroxicinámicos trans-cutárico/trans-caftárico, de la composición en aminoácidos y de la composición volátil, por lo que dichos parámetros pueden servir como criterio taxonómico para diferenciarlos. El perfil de aminoácidos y aminas biógenas permitieron diferenciar a los vinos por etapa de vinificación (fermentación maloláctica) y añada. Los compuestos volátiles también permitieron clasificar a los vinos según la añada. En esta Tesis se evaluó el efecto de la adición de manoproteínas a los vinos varietales de Tempranillo, Monastel y Maturana Tinta de Navarrete después de la fermentación maloláctica. El empleo de manoproteínas no favoreció la estabilidad del color ni de las proantocianidinas, y produjo por el contrario un descenso del color rojo total del vino, del color estable y del contenido de ácidos hidroxicinámicos. En el perfil sensorial, la utilización de manoproteínas no mostró resultados concluyentes. En esta Tesis se comprobó que el detector de masas mejoraba las características analíticas del método de cromatografía de gases, respecto al detector de ionización de llama, en términos de límites de detección y de cuantificación de los monosacáridos constituyentes de los polisacáridos del vino. Por tanto, se propuso la sustitución del detector de ionización de llama por el de masas. Asimismo, se propuso la cromatografía de exclusión molecular con detector de índice de refracción como una técnica rápida y sencilla para estimar el contenido total de polisacáridos del vino.Peer Reviewe