Una aproximación a las percepciones sobre el comportamiento y las actitudes sociales respecto al juego y al juego on line en España

102 págs.El lector podrá encontrar en este estudio una abundante información sociológica sobre el perfil y hábitos de comportamiento de los jugadores residentes en España, tanto de los analógicos, como de los on line. Una parte del estudio se ha destinado, precisamente, a analizar con cierta profundidad el fenómeno del juego on line, dimensionando la cantidad de practicantes, sus perfiles sociológicos, gasto y, por último, estimando con cierta aproximación el volumen de recursos que canaliza el juego on line en nuestro país de acuerdo a las respuestas obtenidas. Por lo tanto, debemos entender que los datos extraídos y las conclusiones alcanzadas simplemente describen las percepciones, las actitudes y los comportamientos de la sociedad española respecto a todo tipo de situaciones derivadas de la práctica o participación en actividades ligadas a “juegos de suerte, envite o azar”. En consecuencia, éste no debería suponer sino el primero de los estudios de una serie temporal que permitiera conocer de forma más pormenorizada el ámbito del juego en España y su evolución.El presente estudio ha sido realizado en el marco de las actividades incluidas dentro del convenio entre el IPOLGOB y el Centro de Estudios de Políticas y Legislación sobre Juego (CELEJ) y ha sido sufragado gracias al convenio de colaboración firmado entre la UC3M y la Fundación Codere

Disminución de la necesidad de cobertura con injertos y baja tasa de cicatrización hipertrófica en quemaduras tras desbridamiento enzimático

Background and Objective. Early burn scar removal is the standard of care for burn patients; excisional debridement, however, often leads to excision of dermal remnants, making autografting unavoidable. Enzymatic debridement with proteolytic enzymes enriched in Bromelain (Nexobrid®) leaves these dermal remnants to allow spontaneous healing of partial thickness burns. This study evaluates if Nexobrid® (MediWound Ltd., Israel) reduces the need for surgery and autografting in intermediate and deepdermal burns, the reduction in the excised and grafted area, and the development of hypertrophic scarring. Patients and Methods.We conduct a prospective study between January 2015 and February 2016 evaluating 36 patients (11 females, 25 males) whose mean age was 42.89, with burns covering a mean of 7.47% of their total body surface area (6.42% deep burns). All patients would need excision and autografting as their previous standard of care. Results. After enzymatic debridement, only 13 patients (36.1%) needed surgery (p &lt; 0.001). The area of burns excised and grafted was reduced (2.67% vs. 4.98% p &lt; 0.001). Since wound closure was delayed until 25.69 days, only 11.1% of the patients developed hypertrophic scars. Conclusions. Nexobrid® allows scar removal in deep-dermal and intermediate burns, reducing the need of surgery and the grafted body surface area, while achieving good scars.Introducción y Objetivo. El tratamiento clásico de las quemaduras se basa en la eliminación precoz de la escara; sin embargo, el desbridamiento tangencial de las quemaduras mixtas y profundas retira tejidos dérmicos viables, obligando a la cobertura con autoinjertos. El desbridamiento enzimático con enzimas proteolíticos enriquecidos con Bromelaína (Nexobrid®) mantiene restos dérmicos que pueden permitir la reepitelización por sí misma de la quemadura. Evaluamos el uso en nuestra unidad de Nexobrid® (MediWound Ltd., Israel) en quemaduras mixtas y dérmicas profundas, valorando la capacidad de reepitelización tras su uso, la tasa de injerto en los pacientes tratados, y la aparición de cicatrización hipertrófica. Pacientes y Método. Evaluamos retrospectivamente 36 pacientes tratados con Nexobrid® entre enero de 2015 y febrero de 2016, 11 mujeres y 25 varones con una media de edad de 42.89 años. La superficie corporal quemada media fue del 7.47% y la diagnosticada como profunda del 6.42%.Todos los pacientes presentaron quemaduras profundas con necesidad de cirugía para su desbridamiento y cobertura con injertos. Resultados. Tras el desbridamiento enzimático solo el 36.1% de los pacientes (13 de 36) requirió cobertura con injertos (p<0.001).La superficie injertada fue tan solo del 2.67% frente al 4.98% que fue desbridada enzimáticamente (p<0.001). A pesar de que el tiempo hasta la epitelización total de las quemaduras se alargó hasta los 25.69 días, tan solo un 11.1% de los pacientes desarrolló cicatriz hipertrófica. Conclusiones. Nexobrid® permite el desbridamiento completo de las quemaduras mixtas y dérmicas profundas disminuyendo el porcentaje de pacientes que requieren autoinjertos y la superficie injertada, con bajas tasas de cicatrización hipertrófic

Plantas nativas en la dieta de Amazona leucocephala L. en bosques de la Península de Guanahacabibes

The investigation was developed in three vegetable formations of the peninsula of Guanahacabibes (forest semideciduo, vegetation of sandy coast and marsh forest), located in the towns of Average End, The Veral, Creek of Mangrove and the Berraco, with the purpose of identifying the native plants used by the parrot in the diet and the number of these that it used its fruits in the feeding. The used method consisted on the realization of on-line transectos of 7 km, beginning to the 7:30 am and until the 11:30 am in the morning and of 1:00 pm until the 5:00 pm, in the afternoon, the number of parrots that fed of the fruits of each plant and the plant species of which made it, using at random eleven days in every month scoring (January, February, March, April, May and June), from 2014 up to 2016. The work team was conformed by 16 people, 4 for each town. They were identified a total of 22 species of plants of those that used their fruits like feeding sources (16 of them correspond to the forest semideciduo, 7 at that of vegetation of sandy coast and 11 to that of marsh). The identified species grouped in a total of 18 families, being the best represented as for the number of species the families Moraceae, Burceraceae, Sapotaceae, Polygonaceae, Flacourteaceae, Arecaceae and Erytrhoxilaceae with two species each one. The types of fruits more employees in the diet were drupes and capsules.La investigación se desarrolló en tres formaciones vegetales de la Península de Guanahacabibes (bosque semideciduo, vegetación de costa arenosa y bosque de ciénaga), ubicadas en las localidades de Cabo Corriente, El Veral, Caleta de Mangle y el Berraco, con la finalidad de identificar las plantas nativas empleadas por la cotorra en la dieta y el número de estas que utilizó sus frutos en la alimentación. El método utilizado consistió en la realización de transectos en línea de 7 km, comenzando a las 7:30 am y hasta las 11:30 am en la mañana y de 1:00 pm hasta las 5:00 pm, en la tarde, anotando el número de cotorras que se alimentaba de los frutos de cada planta y la especie de planta de la cual lo hacía, utilizando once días al azar en cada mes (enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo y junio), desde 2014 hasta 2016. El equipo de trabajo estuvo conformado por 16 personas, 4 por cada localidad. Fueron identificadas un total de 22 especies de plantas de las que utilizaron sus frutos como fuentes de alimentación (16 de ellas corresponden al bosque semideciduo, 7 al de vegetación de costa arenosa y 11 al de ciénaga). Las especies identificadas se agruparon en un total de 18 familias, siendo las mejor representadas en cuanto al número de especies las familias Moraceae, Burceraceae, Sapotaceae, Polygonaceae, Flacourteaceae, Arecaceae y Erytrhoxilaceae con dos especies cada una. Los tipos de frutos más empleados en la dieta fueron drupas y cápsulas

Anatomical dissection of the mimic facial musculature: iconographic review as a support to the complementary treatments in facial rejuvenation

A la hora de valorar las múltiples técnicas empleadas en el rejuvenecimiento facial y centrándonos de manera particular en aquellos procedimientos mínimamente invasivos complementarios a las intervenciones habituales en Cirugía Plástica-Estética, cobra especial relevancia el conocimiento exhaustivo de las estructuras musculares implicadas en la mímica facial. A tal efecto, se ha realizado un estudio anatómico en cadáveres frescos, en los que se han disecado las principales estructuras referidas. Se presenta un resumen iconográfico de los músculos faciales implicados, haciendo hincapié en su anatomía descriptiva y funcional, así como un recuerdo de las principales áreas problemáticas por alguna circunstancia especial (presencia de un nervio sensitivo o motor).To value the multiple technologies involved in facial rejuvenation and focusing in those minimally invasive complementary procedures to the usual Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeries, it´s very important the exhaustive knowledge of the muscular structures involved in the facial movements. To such an effect, an anatomical study has been realized in fresh corpses, dissecting the principal above-mentioned structures. We present an iconographic summary of the facial implied muscles, emphasizing in his descriptive and functional anatomy, as well as a recollection of the principal problematic areas for some special circumstance (presence of a sensory or motor nerv

Enhanced Solubilisation of Six PAHs by Three Synthetic Cyclodextrins for Remediation Applications: Molecular Modelling of the Inclusion Complexes

Solubilisation of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (acenaphthene, anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene) by three synthetic cyclodextrins (CDs) (2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD, hydroxypropyl-γ-CD and ramdomly methylated-β-CD) was investigated in order to select the CD which presents the greatest increase in solubility and better complexation parameters for its use in contaminated scenarios. The presence of the three cyclodextrins greatly enhanced the apparent water solubility of all the PAHs through the formation of inclusion complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry. Anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene and phenanthrene clearly presented a higher solubility when β-CD derivatives were used, and especially the complexes with the ramdomly methylated-β-CD were favoured. On the contrary, pyrene presented its best solubility results when using 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-CD, but for acenaphthene the use of any of the three CDs gave the same results. Complementary to experimental phase-solubility studies, a more in-depth estimation of the inclusion process for the different complexes was carried out using molecular modelling in order to find a correlation between the degree of solubilisation and the fit of PAH molecules within the cavity of the different CDs and to know the predominant driving forces of the complexationMinisterio de Ciencia e Investigación CTM2006-04626 y CTM2009-0733

Niosome-Based Approach for In Situ Gene Delivery to Retina and Brain Cortex as Immune-Privileged Tissues

Non-viral vectors have emerged as a promising alternative to viral gene delivery systems due to their safer profile. Among non-viral vectors, recently, niosomes have shown favorable properties for gene delivery, including low toxicity, high stability, and easy production. The three main components of niosome formulations include a cationic lipid that is responsible for the electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged genetic material, a non-ionic surfactant that enhances the long-term stability of the niosome, and a helper component that can be added to improve its physicochemical properties and biological performance. This review is aimed at providing recent information about niosome-based non-viral vectors for gene delivery purposes. Specially, we will discuss the composition, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of niosomes and corresponding nioplexes that result from the addition of the genetic material onto their cationic surface. Next, we will focus on the in situ application of such niosomes to deliver the genetic material into immune-privileged tissues such as the brain cortex and the retina. Finally, as future perspectives, non-invasive administration routes and different targeting strategies will be discussed.This work was supported by the Basque Country Government (Department of Education, University and Research, pre-doctoral grant PRE_2016_2_0302 and Consolidated Groups IT907-16). Additional funding was provided by the University of Basque Country UPV/EHU (predoctoral grant PIF17/19), the CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), and initiative of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)

Efficacy and safety of native versus pegylated Escherichia coli asparaginase for treatment of adults with high-risk, Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Native or pegylated (PEG) asparaginase (ASP) are commonly used in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but have been scarcely compared in the same trial in adult patients. Native vs. PEG-ASP administered according to availability in each center were prospectively evaluated in adults with high-risk ALL. Ninety-one patients received native ASP and 35 PEG-ASP in induction. No significant differences were observed in complete remission, minimal residual disease levels after induction and after consolidation, disease-free survival, and overall survival. No significant differences in grades 3–4 toxicity were observed in the induction period, although a trend for higher hepatic toxicity was observed in patients receiving PEG-ASP. In this trial the type of ASP did not influence patient response and outcome.Supported in part with the grants PI10/01417 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias and RD12/0036/0029 from RTICC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 2014 SGR225(GRE), CERCA Program, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, and a funding from ‘La Caixa’ Foundation

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Propuestas y perspectivas de investigación en el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura: nuevos horizontes en la era de lo emocional y lo poscomunicativo

Innovation in Didactics of Language and Literature is the mail core of the present monographic edition