Hermenegildo, ¿para siempre en Sevilla? Una nueva interpretación de IHC, n. 76 = ILCV, n. 50

The authors try to analyze the different readings and interpretation of the Hermenegildus' inscription (it was found out in Alcalá de Guadaira, Seville) and they specially deal with the problem of its ten last letters (DVCTI AIONE), that have been misunderstood for a long time. This paper offers a new interpretation grounded on historical, archaelogical, palaeographic, epigraphic and linguistic argument

Micro and nanoplastics in the aquatic environment with special reference to synthetic fibers

Currently, there is great concern for the release of plastic nano- and micro fibers and microparticles (microplastics) to the natural environment for which nobody knows, so far, the ultimate consequences for health and ecological homeostasis. In this chapter book we discuss all known aspects of synthetic nano- and microfibers. This included morphology, physicochemical properties, production and origin of nano/micro fibers entering the atmosphere, water and food chain; exposure and ingress via life cycle for aquatic biota; analytical and measurement methods;Postprin

Lysosomal membrane stability in mussels

In 2012, the ICES Study Group on Integrated Monitoring of Chemicals and their Effects provided a framework for integrated monitoring to the OSLO-Paris Commission. UNEP/MAP and HELCOM expert groups have also developed guidelines on integrated monitoring of chemicals and their effects for the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. This document provides the technical information for one of the biological effects measurements, the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), which is a part of the above mentioned integrated monitoring approaches. Lysosomes are cytoplasmic, single membrane organelles whose condition is sensitive to stress whether it be due to environmental conditions or exposure to a wide array of contaminants. Two different methodologies have been developed to assess LMS in mussels: an enzyme cytochemical method using cryostatic sections of digestive gland tissue, and an in vivo cytochemical method (using haemolymph cells). In this document, different aspects of the operational procedures have been standardized and harmonized, with particular reference to the in vivo cytochemical method. New graphical material has been added to clarify criteria of interpretation and new external quality assurance programmes for measurements of lysosomal membrane stability have been proposed. Background (BAC) and environmental (EAC) assessment criteria to assess the LMS data are provided. Additionally, a new scoring procedure to enhance the sensitivity of the LMS measurements using the in vivo assay is provided.Versión del edito

Intervention Project on Emotional Education in El Milagro Community (Iquitos, Peru)

En los últimos años, la educación ha incorporado la educacional emocional como complemento al desarrollo del potencial cognitivo del estudiante, existiendo en la actualidad programas, pautas de actuación y recursos encaminados a favorecer la resolución de conflictos y dificultades mediante la compresión y gestión de las emociones. En este sentido, se presentaun proyecto de intervención socioeducativa sobre educación emocional dirigido a estudiantes, familiares y docentes en un Colegio Agropecuario de Educación Secundaria, situado en la Comunidad “El Milagro” en la región de Iquitos, Perú. Los objetivos del proyecto pretenden dar respuesta a una serie de necesidades y problemáticas (adicciones, embarazos precoces, bajo rendimiento académico, absentismo escolar, etc.), surgidas en el centro educativo y en su entorno. El proyecto plantea un conjunto de actividades (debates, video-fórum, role-playing, biodanza, etc.), que ofrece espacios de reflexión e intercambio de ideas y concepciones relacionadas con diversas temáticas como la sexualidad, autoconcepto, resiliencia, etc. La evaluación del proyecto realizada a través de diferentes técnicas de análisis y recogida de la información como la observación, entrevistas informales y cuestionarios permitió conocer el nivel de satisfacción de los participantes, así como la eficacia, la eficiencia y el grado de consecución de los objetivos propuestos.In recent years, education has incorporated emotional education as a complement to the development of the student's cognitive potential. Currently, there are programs, action guidelines and resources aimed at favoring the resolution of conflicts and difficulties through the understanding and management of emotions. In this sense, a socio-educational intervention project on emotional education is presented to students, family members and teachers in an Agricultural College of Secondary Education, located in the community "El Milagro" in the region of Iquitos, Peru. The objectives of the project are intended to respond to a series of needs and problems (addictions, early pregnancies, low academic performance, school absenteeism, etc.), arising in the school and its environment. The project proposes a set of activities (discussion, video-forum, role-playing, biodance, etc.), which offers spaces for reflection and exchange of ideas and concepts related to various topics such as sexuality, self-concept, resilience, etc. The evaluation of the project carried out through different techniques of analysis and collection of information such as observation, informal interviews and questionnaires allowed to know the level of satisfaction of the participants, as well as the effectiveness, efficiency and degree of achievement of the objectives proposed

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de la adenoiditis crónica en la infancia

Fundamento: La adenoiditis crónica, causante de la mayor cantidad de cirugías mayores electivas en niños, es una enfermedad frecuente en Cuba. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la adenoiditis crónica en niños. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con muestreo no probabilístico a 98 niños con adenoiditis crónica atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Centro Habana, entre septiembre de 2009 y julio de 2011. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, síntomas, signos y principales manifestaciones clínicas, principales antecedentes patológicos personales, antecedentes familiares, y principales factores de riesgos ambientales y sociales. Se realizó una encuesta para identificar factores de riesgo. Se efectuaron procesamientos estadísticos tales como: media, frecuencia relativa y tablas de frecuencia. Resultados: la mayor morbilidad se observó en los niños de 1 y 9 años de edad. Las principales características de la enfermedad, fueron la obstrucción nasal, mala oclusión dental, respiración oral e infección respiratoria. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la asistencia al círculo infantil y la exposición al humo del cigarro. Los antecedentes personales y familiares más observados fueron el asma y la alergia respiratoria. Conclusión: la adenoiditis crónica en los pacientes pediátricos, es de origen multifactorial, y tiende a disminuir en la población infantil mayor de nueve años

Biological effects of contaminants: Stress on Stress (SoS) response in mussels

The SoS biomarker provides evidence of the effects of pollutants at the whole organism response level. It shows a typical dose-response curve, characterized by a continuous decrease of the parameter LT50 (the median survival time or the time (days) in which 50% of mussels have died) with increasing pollutant concentrations. However, in some experiments with low concentrations of contaminants a slight increase in LT50 has beeno bserved, possibly due to a hormetic effect. The method for determining SoS in mussels is being applied routinely to both toxicant-exposed mussels in laboratory studies and to mussels collected in national monitoring programmes from polluted environments and along pollution gradients. The added value of SoS in mussels is that this response measures the overall impact of multiple stressors on an organism. Thus, SoS responses can be quantitatively correlated to contaminant tissue concentrations, providing an integrated biological effect–chemical monitoring tool.Postprin

Cilio primario y cáncer

El cilio primario es una organela no móvil formada por un axonema constituido por nueve dobletes de microtúbulos periféricos con estructura 9+0. El cilio primario (CP) se encuentra en células diferenciadas, actúa como antena celular sensorial coordinando vías de señalización celular. El hallazgo de que el CP esté relacionado con la regulación del ciclo celular sugiere que éste pueda participar en la formación de tumores. La vía Hedgehog puede promover la proliferación celular y su excesiva señalización puede conducir al cáncer. Investigamos el CP en dos tumores diferentes, uno de origen mesenquimal (tumor del estroma gastrointestinal, GIST) y otro de origen epitelial (carcinoma urotelial de vejiga), usando múltiples muestras de biopsias. Fueron procesadas mediante protocolos estándar de microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Todas las muestras fueron proporcionadas por el Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza. En el carcinoma de vejiga, las células tumorales que presentan CP están situadas justo en la parte superior de la lámina basal. El comienzo de la ciliogénesis se observa en algunas células epiteliales donde los centríolos se han desplazado y han perdido su disposición perpendicular típica. El cilio aparentemente crece sin cuerpo basal. El axonema carece de par central de microtúbulos y protruye al espacio extracelular con una longitud corta (100-200 nm), siendo realmente difícil localizar esta nanoestructura. Un gran número de células del tumor GIST presentan CP con una longitud de 1 - 2 µm, proyectan al espacio extracelular y emergen cercanos al núcleo. El axonema es una extensión directa de un cuerpo basal típico. En conclusión, se ha descubierto que numerosos tumores presentan cilio primario. Actualmente, nuevas líneas de investigación han sido desarrolladas para investigar el papel del cilio primario

The selective reduction of NOx with propene on Pt-beta catalyst: a transient study

The mechanism of the NO/C3H6/O2 reaction has been studied on a Pt-beta catalyst using transient analysis techniques. This work has been designed to provide answers to the volcano-type activity behaviour of the catalytic system, for that reason, steady state transient switch (C3H6/NO/O2 → C3H6/Ar/O2, C3H6/Ar/O2 → C3H6/NO/O2, C3H6/NO/O2 → Ar/NO/O2, Ar/NO/O2 → C3H6/NO/O2, C3H6/NO/O2 → C3H6/NO/Ar and C3H6/NO/Ar → C3H6/NO/O2) and thermal programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted below and above the temperature of the maximum activity (Tmax). Below Tmax, at 200 °C, a high proportion of adsorbed hydrocarbon exists on the catalyst surface. There exists a direct competition between NO and O2 for Pt free sites which is very much in favour of NO, and therefore, NO reduction selectively takes place over hydrocarbon combustion. NO and C3H6 are involved in the generation of partially oxidised hydrocarbon species. O2 is essential for the oxidation of these intermediates closing the catalytic cycle. NO2 is not observed in the gas phase. Above Tmax, at 230 °C, C3H6 ads coverage is negligible and the surface is mainly covered by Oads produced by the dissociative adsorption of O2. NO2 is observed in gas phase and carbon deposits are formed at the catalyst surface. From these results, the state of Pt-beta catalyst at Tmax is inferred. The reaction proceeds through the formation of partially oxidised active intermediates (CxHyOzNw) from C3H6 ads and NOads. The combustion of the intermediates with O2(g) frees the Pt active sites so the reaction can continue. Temperature has a positive effect on the surface reaction producing active intermediates. On the contrary, formation of NOads and C3H6 ads are not favoured by an increase in temperature. Temperature has also a positive effect on the dissociation of O2 to form Oads, consequently, the formation of NO2 is favoured by temperature through the oxygen dissociation. NO2 is very reactive and produces the propene combustion without NO reduction. These facts will determine the maximum concentration of active intermediates and consequently the maximum of activity.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (project CTQ2005-01358) for the financial support

Comparison of the thermal decomposition processes of several aminoalcohol-based ZnO inks with one containing ethanolamine

Four inks for the production of ZnO semiconducting films have been prepared with zinc acetate dihy-drate as precursor salt and one among the following aminoalcohols: aminopropanol (APr), aminomethylbutanol (AMB), aminophenol (APh) and aminobenzyl alcohol (AB) as stabilizing agent. Their thermaldecomposition process has been analyzed in situ by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scan-ning calorimetry (DSC) and evolved gas analysis (EGA), whereas the solid product has been analysedex-situ by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Although, except for the APh ink, crys-talline ZnO is already obtained at 300◦C, the films contain an organic residue that evolves at highertemperature in the form of a large variety of nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds. The results indicatethat APr can be a better stabilizing agent than ethanolamine (EA). It gives larger ZnO crystal sizes withsimilar carbon content. However, a common drawback of all the amino stabilizers (EA included) is thatnitrogen atoms have not been completely removed from the ZnO film at the highest temperature of ourexperiments (600◦C)