Competencia por el alimento entre el cormorán moñudo, el cormorán grande y la pesca artesanal: un caso de estudio

The Mediterranean shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii) and the great cormorant (P. carbo sinensis) are syntopic birds in an area encompassing Grosa Island and the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain, western Mediterranean) during the breeding season of the former and the wintering period of the latter. Diet composition of both birds was studied through pellet analysis and otolith identification. Competition for fish resources between these two seabirds and with local artisanal fisheries was assessed. Shags preyed preferentially on small pelagic fish, and great cormorants mainly consumed demersal fish. Shag diet consisted of marine fish strictly, but great cormorant fed in all the available environments in the study area, including marine, transitional (coastal lagoon) and freshwater reservoirs. The great dissimilarity observed between shag and great cormorant diet composition showed no competition between them. The low shag population density and fishing effort in their foraging area suggested no competition with fisheries. Conversely, great cormorant population density in the study area was very high, and they foraged on fish of high commercial value. However, competition between great cormorant and artisanal fisheries only affected some of the less abundant species fished.El cormorán moñudo (Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii) y el cormorán grande (P. carbo sinensis) son especies sintópicas en el entorno de Isla Grosa y la laguna costera del Mar Menor (SE de España, Mediterráneo occidental) durante la época de reproducción del primero que coincide con la invernada del segundo. Se estudia la composición de la dieta de ambas especies mediante la identificación de otolitos en sus egagrópilas, y se evalúa la competencia entre ambas especies y con la pesca artesanal local. El cormorán moñudo se alimentó mayoritariamente de pequeños peces pelágicos, y el cormorán grande consumió principalmente peces demersales. La dieta del cormorán moñudo consistió estrictamente de peces marinos, mientras que el cormorán grande capturó peces en los diferentes ambientes acuáticos de la zona de estudio, incluyendo especies marinas, de lagunas costeras e incluso de embalses de agua dulce. La gran disimilitud observada entre la composición de la dieta de ambas aves nos indica que no existe competencia por el alimento entre ellas. Asimismo, la baja densidad poblacional de cormorán moñudo y su esfuerzo pesquero en la zona de estudio tampoco demuestran competencia con la pesca artesanal local. Por el contrario, la abundancia de cormorán grande en la zona de estudio es muy alta, y se alimentaron principalmente de especies de alto valor comercial para los pescadores locales. No obstante, solo se observó competencia con la pesca artesanal local por alguna especie de pez de las menos abundantemente capturadas por los pescadores

Early and differential bacterial colonization on microplastics deployed into the effluents of wastewater treatment plants

Título del Post Print: Early and differential bacterial colonization on microplasticsMicrobial colonization of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems is a well-known phenomenon; however, there is insufficient knowledge of the early colonization phase. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have been proposed as important pathways for MPs entry and transport in aquatic environments and are hotspots of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study aimed at characterizing bacterial communities in the early stage of biofilm formation on seven different types of MPs deployed in two different WWTPs effluents as well as measuring the relative abundance of two ARGs (sulI and tetM) on the tested MPs. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA showed significant higher diversity of bacteria on MPs in comparison with free-living bacteria in the WWTP effluents. β-diversity analysis showed that the in situ environment (sampling site) and hydrophobicity, to a lesser extent, had a role in the early bacterial colonization phase. An early colonization phase MPs-core microbiome could be identified. Furthermore, specific core microbiomes for each type of polymer suggested that each type might select early attachment of bacteria. Although the tested WWTP effluent waters contained antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) harboring the sulI and tetM ARGs, MPs concentrated ARBs harboring the sulI gene but not tetM. These results highlight the relevance of the early attachment phase in the development of bacterial biofilms on different types of MP polymers and the role that different types of polymers might have facilitating the attachment of specific bacteria, some of which might carry ARGsFinancial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2016-74927-C2-1/2-R

Multibattery charger system based on a three-level dual-active-bridge power converter

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.A charger for two batteries connected in series is presented in this work. From the three-phase grid, the batteries are charged through a three-level neutral-point-clamped ac-dc converter in cascade with a three-level dual active bridge converter. The system provides galvanic isolation and allows bidirectional power flow. A simple control strategy to charge the batteries is presented, based on the regulation of the commonand differential-mode components of the batteries’ charging currents. With this control approach, each battery bank can be charged independently, allowing it to reach full battery bank capacity, even under different battery initial state-of-charge values or different battery nominal capacities. Moreover, the proposed control system also regulates the total dc-link voltage and the dc-link voltage balance in both dc-links of the system. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed implementation and control system approach.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Competitividad, Spain, under Grant DPI2017-89153-P (AEI/FEDER, UE).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Comparison of modulations and dc-link balance control strategies for a multibattery charger system based on a three-level dual-active-bridge power converter,

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper focuses on the study of a charger for two batteries connected in series. From the three-phase grid, the batteries are charged through a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) ac-dc converter in cascade with a three-level NPC dualactive-bridge converter. The system provides galvanic isolation and allows bidirectional power flow. A simple control strategy to charge the batteries is considered, based on the regulation of the common- and differential-mode components of the batteries charging currents. In addition, the proposed control system regulates the total dc-link voltage and the dc-link voltage balance in the two systems dc-links. This work is particularly focused on the comparison of the charger performance under two competitive ac-dc converter modulations, in terms of the ac-side voltage harmonic content, the number of switching transitions, the dc-link voltage balance, and the charging current control capacity. Simulation results with the performance comparison are provided and the merits and demerits of each option are highlighted.This publication is part of Grant DPI2017-89153-P, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Incidence of complications in breast reconstruction with autologous tissue in a third level hospital

Background: The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of complications after breast reconstruction with pedicled or free flaps at the hospital general de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”. Methods: A retrospective, single-center study, including 44 female patients, who underwent immediate or delayed breast reconstruction after breast cancer, between 2019 and 2020, and had at least a 2-year follow up, evaluating the association between patient risk factors (age, history of radiotherapy, presence of overweight or obesity and immediate or delayed reconstruction) with the presence of complications such as seroma, hematoma, wound infection or wound dehiscence. We analyzed data with SPSS software, v23.0. Results: There was no statistically significant difference for the presence of complications associated with risk factors studied. Conclusions: We need more prospective, multicenter studies, including larger sample and strict follow up of patients

Survival and adverse events of elderly patients treated with sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma

Elderly patients; Hepatocellular carcinoma; SorafenibPacientes ancianos; Carcinoma hepatocelular; SorafenibPacients grans; Carcinoma hepatocel·lular; SorafenibIntroduction: The first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, but its availability is not universal and elderly patients are underrepresented in clinical trials. There is little evidence of efficacy and tolerability in elderly patients under systemic treatment. The aims of this study were to characterize the profile of elderly patients treated with sorafenib, assess their survival and safety profile in order to extrapolate their eligibility for systemic treatment. Methods: Retrospective multicentre study of HCC patients aged ≥75 years old treated with sorafenib from January 2008 to December 2019. Demographic data, baseline characteristics, and variables related to HCC and sorafenib were recorded. Overall survival (OS) and safety were analyzed. Results: The study included 206 patients from 11 hospitals, median age 77.9 years; 71.4% men and 62.6% stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer- C (BCLC-C). The main causes of cirrhosis were hepatitis C (60.7%) and alcohol (14.7%). Most patients (84.5%) started with sorafenib 800mg and 15.5% at lower dosage. Arterial hypertension (AHT) (74.2 vs 62.2%; standardized mean differences (STD): 26) and baseline ECOG-PS>0 (45.3 vs 34.7%; STD: 38.2) differed significantly between patients receiving low and full doses. Median OS was 15.4 months (18.2 in BCLC-B vs 13.6 in BCLC-C). OS was not modified by comorbidities, age or period with more expertise. Conclusions: Sorafenib appears to be safe in elderly patients with HCC. This is the first study to characterize the profile of elderly patients to be considered for systemic treatment. These findings could be used as the reference profile for elderly candidates for atezolizumab-bevacizumab.AS: Travel grants from Tillots, Ferring, Norgine, Alfasigma, Jansen, Abbvie. MC: None. ZV: None. SM-M: None. VS: Travel grants from Bayer. Consultancy LEO Pharma. MP: None. LC: None. RG: None. AG: None. BM: Consultancy: Bayer-Shering Pharma, Eisai-Merck. Conferences/lectures: Eisai, MSD, Roche. Research grant: Lab Viñas. Funding: BM is funded by grants PI18/00961 and PI21/00714 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. DH. None. AC. None. SM. Conferences/lectures: Bayer. Travel grants: Bayer, and Eisai. MRo. None. MRe. Consultancy: Bayer-Shering Pharma, BMS, Roche, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Lilly. BTG/Paid conferences: Bayer-Shering Pharma, BMS, Gilead, Lilly. Research Grants: Bayer-Shering Pharma, Ipsen. MV. Travel grants: Gilead, MSD, Bayer, Abvie. Conferences/lectures: MSD, Gilead, Abvie, Eisai

Proceso político y movimiento obrero en América Latina

Entre el triunfo de la Revolución Socialista Cubana, el ascenso al gobierno de la Unión Popular en Chile y el triunfo de la Revoluión Sandinista de Nicaragua, el fenómeno latinoamericano de mayor peso ha sido el de la crisis política en que tienen marco los movimientos de masas organizadas. Su consecuencia inmediata ha sido el agravamiento y mayor complejidad de los problemas del movimiento obrero en el Área. Ramón Martínez Escamilla, Marcos Kaplan, José María Calderón, Sergio Bagú, Julio Godio, Julio le Riverend e Irma Manrique ofrecen en Proceso político y movimiento obrero en América Latina un aporte fundamental a la reinterpretación que exige en nuestro tiempo tal estado de cosas

Time-course biofilm formation and presence of antibiotic resistance genes on everyday plastic items deployed in river waters

The plastisphere has been widely studied in the oceans; however, there is little information on how living organisms interact with the plastisphere in freshwater ecosystems, and particularly on how this interaction changes over time. We have characterized, over one year, the evolution of the eukaryotic and bacterial communities colonizing four everyday plastic items deployed in two sites of the same river with different anthropogenic impact. α-diversity analyses showed that site had a significant role in bacterial and eukaryotic diversity, with the most impacted site having higher values of the Shannon diversity index. β-diversity analyses showed that site explained most of the sample variation followed by substrate type (i.e., plastic item) and time since first colonization. In this regard, core microbiomes/biomes in each plastic at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months could be identified at genus level, giving a global overview of the evolution of the plastisphere over time. The measured concentration of antibiotics in the river water positively correlated with the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on the plastics. These results provide relevant information on the temporal dynamics of the plastisphere in freshwater ecosystems and emphasize the potential contribution of plastic items to the global spread of antibiotic resistanceThe authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, ´ MICIN): PID2020–113769RB-C21/22, PLEC2021–007693 (Funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR”), the IMPASSE project (PCIN-2017–06) belonging to the EU JPI-Water initiative, and the Thematic Network of Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment (RED2018–102345-T, EnviroPlaNet Network). SMC thanks the Universidad de Alcala ´ for the award of an FPI contract. A. Rico thanks the Talented Researcher Support Programme - Plan GenT (CIDEGENT/2020/043) of the Generalitat Valenciana. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Genomics Unit of the “Parque Científico de Madrid” for qPCR experiments and Illumina sequencin

Imagine cities

Se presenta aquí una compilación sintética y ordenada de las actividades y experiencias formativas llevadas a cabo desde la asignatura de Urbanismo I, en el curso 2009-2010, dentro de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Granada. El Área de Urbanismo quiere mostrar, con este primer curso, una visión inicial de la rica diversidad de formas y procesos urbanos (reales o proyectados) que construyen nuestras ciudades y sus innumerables maneras de vivir en ellas. El emblema del programa del curso, imaginaciudad, quiere ser una invitación a imaginar espacios más allá de la arquitectura, a conocer y a recrear situaciones urbanas con mayores capacidades para acoger la vida. Consideramos muy importante poner el mayor énfasis posible en mostrar el urbanismo que, creemos, deben aprender los arquitectos. Hoy, las ciudades son decididas y pensadas por sociólogos, políticos, geógrafos, abogados, ambientólogos, ingenieros... y arquitectos también. La mayor complejidad de los procesos urbanos y la diversidad de escalas que intervienen en ellos, ha desplazado, en muchas ocasiones, el interés y la atención de los arquitectos hacia algunos elementos urbanos aislados, a veces creativos, de la ciudad. Hubo un tiempo en que los arquitectos pensaron y soñaron ciudades, quisieron construir espacios para la vida. Este deseo prestaba atención desde lo doméstico a lo geográfico, resolviendo cuestiones técnicas y necesidades básicas (cobijo, higiene, salud ambiental...), domesticando entornos más amplios, queriendo también trascender con alegría la configuración de los lugares cotidianos. Sabemos que la adición de arquitecturas indiferentes no hace ciudad. La agregación aleatoria de partes no resuelve, por sí sola, los problemas y circunstancias particulares de un tiempo, un lugar y una gente determinada. La creación de arquitectura que sepa construir buenas relaciones internas y con su entorno y la que resulta de este deseo recuperado de hacer ciudad desde la arquitectura, es la que desde esta asignatura y este curso, se ha impulsado y defendido. También se ha insinuado el valor de reforzar la habilidad del arquitecto de imaginar ciudades, de dar forma y de crear las condiciones más adecuadas para la convivencia y el desarrollo de una sociedad. Esta destreza o capacidad, conocida o definida por los nuevos planes de estudio como competencias, de integrar elementos y aspectos dispares, para dar forma y proyectar los espacios de vida, es característica de los arquitectos y es responsabilidad de estos desarrollarla y fomentarla. Su abandono ha generado carencias y errores demasiado visibles (absurdos e inaceptables algunos) dentro de los paisajes urbanos que ya habitamos. La introducción al urbanismo que supone este curso subraya la importancia del conocimiento panorámico de la multitud de visiones y experiencias en torno al proyecto de las ciudades. En este sentido, se ha resaltado el lado “utópico y real” que tiene la mayoría de las propuestas, ya sean teóricas o construidas. Por otro lado, también se han destacado y profundizado en el proyecto y el entendimiento de la gramática elemental que ha construido y construye las ciudades, como ha sido la calle, la plaza o la manzana, así como su evolución en el tiempo.Universidad de Granad