Effect of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) on the Metabolic Profile in Heifers

AbstractFrom the analysis of 21 Cebu-Swiss heifers healthy, developing, with 235.55 ± 17.81kg of body weight (BW), 118.62 ± 3.97cm and 2.58 ± 0.35 of body condition (BC) scale of 1-5. They were divided into two groups: MGA (n = 10) and control (n = 11). For 55 days were given a constant diet (including 15 days of adaptation), based on concentrate and sorghum straw. The contribution of daily intake was 599.08g of crude protein and 12.18 Mcal. Blood samples were obtained every 5 days. The concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, urea, total protein and glucose were measured for spectrophotometric using the enzyme-colorimetric technique in plasma. The daily gain was balanced PV of 603.5 to 232.5 grams and height stopped from day 25. The CC did not show significant changes (P> 0.01). The mean concentration of plasma cholesterol was 107.59 ± 13.38 vs. 109.61 ± 11.72mg/dl (MGA and control, respectively) with a downward trend more pronounced from day 25. The concentration of triglycerides was 12.61 ± 6.91 vs. 16.19 ± 8.86mg/dl (MGA and control), no trend in the first 20 days and from day 25 there was an increase compared to the average of the previous days. The concentrations of HDL 63.73 ± 3.26 vs. 63.79 ± 10.27mg/dl (MGA and control) and 43.56 ± 6.24 vs. LDLc. 46.54 ± 14.89mg/dl (MGA and control) were irregular, but within normal ranges. The values of total protein were 5.70 ± 0.40 vs. 5.22 ± 0.31mg/dl (MGA and control), no trend the first 15 days and from day 20 increased in concentration compared to previous surveys. Urea levels were 14.79 ± 5.22 vs. 14.13 ± 4.8mg/dl (MGA and control) with a tendency to discharge. Glucose levels were 60.06 ± 7.62 vs. 58.24 ± 5.43mg/dl (MGA and control), with an irregular behavior in the normal range. The consumption of 0.5mg/dl of MGA for 40 days increased plasma concentrations of triglycerides and total protein, but did not affect cholesterol levels, HDL and LDL cholesterol, urea and glucose

An enhanced method for dynamic characterization of high-power LEDs for visible light communication applications

Visible light communications (VLC) have been proposed for several applications beyond the traditional indoor scenarios, from vehicular to underwater communications. The common element in all these applications is the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in which the forward current that flows through each LED plays a major role. Therefore, knowing the electrical equivalent of the LEDs is a useful tool for the proper design of the VLC systems. Currently, some measurement instruments exist, such as the LCR (inductance, capacitance, and resistance) meters or impedance analyzers to characterize the main parameters of the LEDs. However, these instruments and measurement procedures are subject to satisfying some requirements, such as a minimum value of the input impedance or the maximum forward current. In this work, the LED LXHL-BW02 is used to obtain its equivalent circuit, using different measurement methods and traditional methods of measurement with our proposed method. The equivalent model is implemented on the simulation tool LTSPICE. Our alternative method can be used for determining the electrical equivalent circuit of LEDs subject to high current variations at very high frequencies, in the MHz range, i.e., in an operating range for VLC applications.This research was co-financed by Comunidad de Madrid and the FSE/FEDER Program under grant SINFOTON2-CM (S2018/NMT-4326), the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of “Fostering Young Doctors Research” (GEOVEOLUZ-CM-UC3M), and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation, and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-109072RB-C31) and under the CDTI (Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) throughthe European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) EXP 00119337/IDI-2019029

Propiedades puzolánicas de desechos de la industria azucarera (segunda parte)

Results of studies conducted in lime pozzolana pastes are introduced in this paper. The pozzolana was sourced from Sugar Cane Baggasse Ash (CBC) and Sugar Cane Straw Ash (CPC). The hydration of this binder was carefully monitored by means of instrumental techniques with the aim of describing the kinetics of the reaction.Se presentan los resultados de estudios realizados en pastas fabricadas con un aglomerante del tipo calpuzolana, utilizando cenizas de paja de caña (CPC) y cenizas de bagazo de caña (CBC) como puzolanas. Se muestran los estudios que caracterizan la reacción de hidratación desarrollada en este tipo de aglomerante. La evaluación realizada, utilizando diferentes técnicas instrumentales, permitieron estudiar y comprender la cinética de la reacción

Association of IL1B -511C/-31T haplotype and Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes with gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The association between proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and gastric diseases related to <it>Helicobacter pylori </it>varies by population and geographic area.</p> <p>Our objective was to determine if the <it>IL-1B </it>-<it>511 T>C </it>and -<it>31 C>T </it>polymorphisms and <it>H. pylori vacA </it>genotypes are associated with risk of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer in a Mexican population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted endoscopic studies in 128 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia. We took two biopsies from the body, antrum, or ulcer edge from each patient, and classified our histopathological findings according to the Sydney System. <it>H. pylori </it>infection and <it>vacA </it>genotyping were accomplished via PCR from total DNA of the gastric biopsies. We confirmed the presence of anti-<it>H. pylori </it>serum IgG and IgM in 102 control subjects. In both case subjects and control subjects, the <it>IL-1B </it>-<it>511 T>C </it>polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLPs and the <it>IL-1B -31 C>T </it>polymorphism was genotyped by pyrosequencing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sixty-two point seven (62.7%) of the 102 control subjects were <it>H. pylori-</it>seropositive. Among the case subjects, 100 were diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 28 with gastric ulcer. We found that 77% of the patients with chronic gastritis and 85.7% of the patients with gastric ulcer were <it>H. pylori-</it>positive. The predominant <it>H. pylori </it>genotype was <it>vacA s1m1 </it>(58.4%) and the most frequent subtype was <it>vacA s1</it>. The -<it>511 TC</it>, (rs16944 -511 T>C) genotype and the -<it>511C </it>allele were associated with chronic gastritis (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-6.8 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.4-6.0, respectively). The subjects carrying -<it>31T </it>(rs1143627 -31 C>T) were found to be at a higher risk of having chronic gastritis (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-5.8). The <it>IL-1B </it>-<it>511C/-31T </it>haplotype was associated with chronic gastritis (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.8) but not with gastric ulcer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The <it>H. pylori vacA </it>genotypes identified herein were similar to those reported for other regions of Mexico. The <it>vacA s1m1 </it>genotype was not associated with gastric ulcer. In the southern Mexican population, the <it>IL-1B -511C </it>and -<it>31T </it>alleles and the -<it>511C/-31T </it>and -<it>511T/-31T </it>haplotypes are associated with increased risk of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer.</p

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world

Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector

Measurements of electrons from $\nu_e$ interactions are crucial for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection, and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to reconstruct low-energy electrons.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3$\sigma$ (5$\sigma$) level, with a 66 (100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3$\sigma$ level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure for the maximally CP-violating values \delta_{\rm CP}} = \pm\pi/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the $\mathcal{O}(10)$ MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the $\nu_e$ component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section $\sigma(E_\nu)$ for charged-current $\nu_e$ absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova $\nu_e$ spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of $\sigma(E_\nu)$ modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on $\sigma(E_\nu)$ must be substantially reduced before the $\nu_e$ flux parameters can be extracted reliably: in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10\% bias with DUNE requires $\sigma(E_\nu)$ to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of $\sigma(E_\nu)$. A direct measurement of low-energy $\nu_e$-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figure

A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE

This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model