Sting jets in simulations of a real cyclone by two mesoscale models

The existence of sting jets as a potential source of damaging surface winds during the passage of extratropical cyclones has recently been recognized However, there are still very few published studies on the subject Furthermore, although ills known that other models are capable of reproducing sting jets, in the published literature only one numerical model [the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM)] has been used to numerically analyze these phenomena This article alms to improve our understanding of the processes that contribute to the development of sting jets and show that model differences affect the evolution of modeled sting jets A sting jet event during the passage of a cyclone over the United Kingdom on 26 February 2002 has been simulated using two mesoscale models namely the MetUM and the Consortium for Small Scale Modeling (COSMO) model to compare their performance Given the known critical importance of vertical resolution in the simulation of sting jets the vertical resolution of both models has been enhanced with respect to their operational versions Both simulations have been verified against surface measurements of maximum gusts, satellite imagery and Met Office operational synoptic analyses, as well as operational analyses from the ECMWF It is shown that both models are capable of reproducing sting jets with similar, though not identical. features Through the comparison of the results from these two models, the relevance of physical mechanisms, such as evaporative cooling and the release of conditional symmetric instability, in the generation and evolution of sting jets is also discusse

Examining model error in potential temperature and potential vorticity via weather forecasts at different lead times

The examination of model error is fundamental to improve weather forecasts at any time scale. Here, model errors for two forecast lead times (12, 24 h) at the grid-point level are analysed using (i) the total Eulerian changes in variables, such as potential temperature and potential vorticity (PV), both conserved under adiabatic, frictionless conditions; and (ii) Lagrangian diabatic tracers. The latter refines the Eulerian analysis by decomposing the total Eulerian changes into materially-conserved and diabatically-generated components. For both analyses the behaviour of a theoretical unbiased model, for which the only assumption is that forecast error is zero when averaged over a large number of cases, is used as a reference. Deviations from this theoretical behaviour are used to highlight conditions leading to large errors. The analyses are performed on a set of forecasts produced with the United Kingdom’s Met Office Unified Model for a 25-day period during the NAWDEX (North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment) field campaign (16 September--22 October 2016). The Eulerian approach indicates that changes in potential temperature and PV are underestimated with respect to the theoretical behaviour of an unbiased model. The grid points with the largest changes in 12-h forecasts have the largest underestimation in the 24-h forecast, highlighting the importance of the underestimation for the most dynamically and thermodynamically active grid points. The Lagrangian-tracer investigation reveals very large deviations from the theoretical behaviour of an unbiased model regardless of the level of Eulerian change, in particular for PV, and an unrealistic similarity in magnitude between parametrised diabatic changes of PV in the 24-h and 12-h forecasts. This is at odds with what would be otherwise required to obtain unbiased behaviour. Addressing the deviations from the behaviour of a theoretical unbiased model found in this work could be a step forward towards an operational unbiased model

Universidad y emprendimiento, aportes para la formación de profesionales emprendedores

Este artículo de investigación muestra los resultados de un proyecto emprendido al interior de los programas administrados por la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, Contables y Económicas de la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, cuyo objetivo principal es el de establecer los lineamientos esenciales para modelar un currículo que articule el emprendimiento como área de formación y el contexto económico y social del Departamento del Cauca. La investigación, de carácter exploratoria, recurrió al enfoque cuantitativo para identificar y caracterizar el emprendimiento en la facultad, según categorías predominantemente económicas. Para este fin se utilizó una encuesta estructurada aplicada en formato censo al 90% de los estudiantes de la facultad. Además, se recopiló y analizó información proveniente de la documentación de los ejercicios de planeación territorial realizados en el Departamento del Cauca para identificar las variables del contexto socio - económico y en particular las apuestas productivas regionales. Los resultados de la investigación indican un divorcio entre las características del emprendimiento en la facultad y las apuestas productivas regionales, por lo que el modelo curricular, acudiendo al criterio de pertinencia, propone crear una serie de espacios y estrategias que posibiliten un diálogo entre la universidad y el contexto regional y un acercamiento de los estudiantes a la realidad y a las necesidades del desarrollo caucano

SERVIDOR HTTP SEGURO EN UN SISTEMA EMBEBIDO

El presente documento describe la implementación de un servidor HTTP con acceso seguro, como un sistema embebido en un FPGA. El acceso al servidor light http es a través de un canal basado en Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), logrando que el servidor sea capaz de enviar y recibir información cifrada. El servidor almacena y recupera la información de una base de datos relacional implementada en el mismo sistema embebido y administrada por SQLite. El servidor y la base de datos son administrados a través del sistema operativo Linux, el cual fue compilado para el procesador PowerPC incrustado en el FPGA. El sistema muestra que es posible crear un servidor WEB embebido en un FPGA con soporte de bases de datos relacionales y acceso por canales seguros, logrando con ello un mayor nivel de seguridad en el almacenamiento y transmisión de información

Estrategias financieras para el uso eficiente de los fondos propios, en la municipalidad de Tenancingo, departamento de Cuscatlán, periodo comprendido de mayo a octubre de 2019

Los problemas económicos que diariamente enfrentan la mayoría de municipalidades en nuestro país, constituyen un factor importante para que sus autoridades tomen decisiones acertadas encaminadas a fortalecer los ingresos propios, que les permitan el manejo de la cosa pública con eficiencia, eficacia y transparencia para lograr un mayor desarrollo económico y social de los municipios. Asimismo, debido a la problemática existente por la falta de liquidez financiera que implica en gran medida, la dependencia de las asignaciones del Fondo para el Desarrollo Económico y Social de los Municipios (FODES) que mensualmente otorga el Gobierno Central, el trabajo que a continuación se presenta, tiene como objeto de estudio el diseño de estrategias financieras para el uso eficiente de los fondos propios de la municipalidad de Tenancingo, departamento de Cuscatlán. Las estrategias financieras propuestas, parten de un diagnóstico realizado a través de un análisis de las principales dificultades que enfrenta la municipalidad, los tipos de servicios que proporciona y los costos relacionados a cada uno de ellos, con el fin de alcanzar una mayor objetividad en el estudio. De esta manera, se presentan una serie de estrategias adecuadas y funcionales que van desde: Levantamiento catastral y actualización de la base de contribuyentes, que permita un incremento sustancial y escalonado de contribuyentes registrados y, por ende, de ingresos percibidos, durante los próximos cinco años, apegado a la realidad del municipio. Adquisición de un eficiente sistema informático, con el fin de registrar, controlar y actualizar todos los datos catastrales de manera adecuada, para la generación de información de manera precisa y oportuna. Gestión de recuperación de mora, a través de la aplicación de políticas adecuadas de recuperación que permitan disminuir la deuda tributaria de manera significativa. Actualización de ordenanza de tasas municipales, que permitan la realización de cobros de acuerdo a la realidad del municipio, y Racionalización del gasto, es decir, priorizar satisfacer las necesidades corrientes con fondos propios. Finalmente es importante mencionar, que el uso eficiente de los fondos propios ayudaría al desarrollo de una mejor gestión municipal, con mayor independencia financiera y con los procesos debidamente documentados y respaldados. The economic problems that most municipalities in our country face daily constitute an important factor for their authorities to make the right decisions aimed at strengthening their own income, allowing them to manage public affairs with efficiency, effectiveness and transparency to achieve a greater economic and social development of the municipalities. In the same way, due to the existing problems due to the lack of financial liquidity that implies to a great extent, the dependence of the allocations of the Fondo para el Desarrollo Económico y Social de los Municipios (FODES) that the Central Government gives monthly. The work that follows it is presented, has as object of study, the design of financial strategies that allows the efficient use of the own funds of the municipality of Tenancingo, department of Cuscatlán. The financial strategies proposed are based on a diagnosis made through an analysis of the main difficulties faced by the municipality, the types of services it provides and the costs related to each one of them, in order to achieve a greater impartiality in the study. In this way, a series of appropriate and functional strategies are presented, such as: Cadastral uprising and updating of the taxpayer base, which allows a substantial and staggered increase in registered taxpayers and, therefore, in income received, during the next five years, attached to the reality of the municipality. Acquisition of an efficient computer system, in order to register, control and update all cadastral data in a proper way, for the creation of information in a precise and timely way. Management of recovery of arrears, through the application of proper recovery policies that allow to reduce the tax debt significantly. Updating of the municipal tax ordinance, which allows the realization of collections according to the reality of the municipality. Rationalization of spending, that is, prioritizing meeting current needs with own funds. Finally, it is important to mention that the efficient use of own funds would help the development of municipal management, through greater financial independence and with properly documented and supported processes

Boletín NUESTRA AMÉRICA XXI - Desafíos y alternativas, num.9, julio 2017

Una excelente iniciativa del Grupo de Trabajo Crisis y economía mundial, coordinado por María Josefina Morales y Gabriela Roffinelli

Tamizaje de aspectos psico-oncológicos: validación de una lista de chequeo

Objective: Develop and validate a Checklist of psycho-oncologic issues (LC-Psycho-onco) for oncologic patients in treatment. Method: We included 200 patients at the National Cancer Institute (INCAN). The sample collection was for availability during the period of October 2012 to January 2013. Results: An oblique factor analysis presented a three-factor model with 16 indicators and two reagents. The internal consistency of the global scale showed a satisfactory index (α= 0.811). The Cronbach’s alphas for each subscale were worth 0.753 and 0.507 which explain 43.81% of the variance. The validity through the correlation with concurrent measures showed significant results (Pearson’s r = .51 to .68, p<0.05). Conclusions: The LC-Psycho-onco showed adequate psychometric properties. Being a brief and easy instrument it is useful for both clinical practice and investigation. It provides a guide for planning psychological interventions.Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar una Lista de Chequeo de aspectos psico- oncológicos (LC-Psico-onco) en pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento médico. Método: Se entrevistó a 200 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCAN). La obtención de la muestra fue por disponibilidad en el periodo comprendido de Octubre de 2012 a Enero de 2013. Resultados: El análisis factorial oblicuo presentó un modelo de tres factores y 2 indicadores con 16 reactivos. La consistencia interna de la escala global mostró un índice satisfactorio (α=0,811). Las alfas de Cronbach de cada subescala tuvieron un valor de 0,753 y 0,507 que explican el 43,81% de la varianza. La validez por correlación con medidas concurrentes mostró resultados significativos (r de Pearson de 0,51 a 0,68, p<0,05). Conclusiones: La LC-Psico-onco presentó adecuadas características psicométricas. Al ser breve y fácil de aplicar tanto en la práctica clínica como en la investigación con población oncológica ofrece una guía en la planeación de evaluaciones exhaustivas y el diseño de un plan de tratamiento psicooncológic

Sting jets in intense winter North-Atlantic windstorms

Extratropical cyclones dominate autumn and winter weather over western Europe. The strongest cyclones, often termed windstorms, have a large socio-economic impact due to the strong surface winds and associated storm surges in coastal areas. Here we show that sting jets are a common feature of windstorms; up to a third of the 100 most intense North Atlantic winter windstorms over the last two decades satisfy conditions for sting jets. The sting jet is a mesoscale descending airstream that can cause strong near-surface winds in the dry slot of the cyclone, a region not usually associated with strong winds. Despite their localized transient nature these sting jets can cause significant damage, a prominent example being the storm that devastated southeast England on 16 October 1987. We present the first regional climatology of windstorms with sting jets. Previously analysed sting jet cases appear to have been exceptional in their track over northwest Europe rather than in their strength

Increased wind risk from sting-jet windstorms with climate change

Extra-tropical cyclones dominate autumn and winter weather over western Europe. The strongest cyclones, often termed windstorms, have a large socio-economic impact on landfall due to strong surface winds and coastal storm surges. Climate model integrations have predicted a future increase in the frequency of, and potential damage from, European windstorms and yet these integrations cannot properly represent localised jets, such as sting jets, that may significantly enhance damage. Here we present the first prediction of how the climatology of sting-jet-containing cyclones will change in a future warmer climate, considering the North Atlantic and Europe. A proven sting-jet precursor diagnostic is applied to 13-year present-day and future ($\sim$2100) climate integrations from the Met Office Unified Model in its Global Atmosphere 3.0 configuration. The present-day climate results are consistent with previously-published results from a reanalysis dataset (with around 32\% of cyclones exhibiting the sing-jet precursor), lending credibility to the analysis of the future-climate integration. The proportion of cyclones exhibiting the sting-jet precursor in the future-climate integration increases to 45\%. Furthermore, while the proportion of explosively-deepening storms increases only slightly in the future climate, the proportion of those storms with the sting-jet precursor increases by 60\%. The European resolved-wind risk associated with explosively-deepening storms containing a sting-jet precursor increases substantially in the future climate; in reality this wind risk is likely to be further enhanced by the release of localised moist instability, unresolved by typical climate models

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL ALGORITMO DE CIFRADO TRIVIUM EN UN SISTEMA EMBEBIDO (AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRIVIUM ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM)

En el presente trabajo se muestra la implementación de un sistema embebido capaz de cifrar datos a través del algoritmo TRIVIUM utilizando llaves creadas con criptografía de curvas elípticas. El sistema de cifrado fue implementado bajo el codiseño hardware-software donde las partes computacionalmente costosas fueron llevadas a módulos hardware y agregados a un sistema de cómputo tradicional CPU-RAM, donde un programa convencional se encarga de orquestar el trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que es posible mejorar el rendimiento de una aplicación al utilizar el codiseño hardware-software y además se pueden tener otros beneficios al utilizar tecnologías de implementación que integran todos los módulos del sistema en un único circuito integrado, como un bajo consumo de energía, características ideales para sistemas inalámbricos, móviles o portátiles.The present work shows the implementation of an embedded system able to encrypt data using the TRIVIUM algorithm, with keys generated by means of elliptic curves. The system was designed using hardware-software codesing principles, where computationally expensive modules were implemented in hardware and added to a traditional computing system (CPU-RAM). A conventional program running on the computing system is responsible for orchestrating the work between hardware modules and the CPU. Obtained results show it is possible to improve an application performance by using hardware-software codesign. Additionally, several other benefits can be gained by integrating such solution in a system-on-a-chip such as low power consumption, ideal to wireless and portable systems