Preferencia entre alumnos universitarios de México y Corea del Sur con respecto al perfil y el tercio inferior de la cara

ResumenObjetivoEvaluar la preferencia respecto al perfil facial entre una comunidad de jóvenes estudiantes en Corea del Sur y México durante el 2012.Material y métodos400 encuestas se aplicaron en cuatro facultades de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y en cuatro facultades de la Universidad Nacional de Seúl de Corea del Sur; 50 personas por cada facultad (25 hombres y 25 mujeres). El formato se realizó mediante la obtención de un ideal, y a través de un software se modificó en sentido vertical y sagital para obtener diferentes perfiles y tercios, se realizaron en español y en coreano.ResultadosNo hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en cuanto al sexo y nacionalidad. El perfil masculino favorito fue el cóncavo y en el femenino fue el convexo, ambos con diferencias estadísticas significativas por profesiones (χ2=19.505 p=.003) (χ2=32.742 p<0.001).ConclusionesEl perfil facial preferido fue el cóncavo en hombres y el convexo en mujeres. El perfil facial que menos gustó es el convexo en hombres y el cóncavo en mujeres. El tercio inferior preferido fue el proporcionado y el que menos agradó fue el tercio inferior disminuido. No hubo diferencias entre nacionalidades ni sexo, pero si por profesiones.AbstractObjectiveTo assess the preference regarding facial profile among a community of young students in South Korea and Mexico in 2012.Material and Methods400 surveys were conducted in 4 faculties of UNAM of Mexico and 4 faculties of the SNU in South Korea, 50 for each faculty (25 men and 25 women). The format was done by obtaining an ideal and through a software sagittal and vertical modifications for different profiles and thirds, were conducted in Spanish and Korean.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in gender and nationality. The favorite male profile was concave and the favorite female profile was convex, both with significant statistical difference by occupation (χ2=19.505 p=.003) (χ2=32.742 p<0.001).ConclusionsThe preferred facial profile was concave in men and convex in women. The worst facial profile was convex in men and concave in women. The favorite lower facial third was proportionate and the least liked was a diminished lower third. There were no differences between nationalities or gender, but by professions

Analysis of labor flows and consumption in Spain during COVID-19

Este documento analiza el vínculo entre el consumo de las familias y sus determinantes durante la pandemia en España. Para ello, se utiliza información tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa sobre la evolución del consumo contenida en la Encuesta de Expectativas de los Consumidores (CES, por sus siglas en inglés) llevada a cabo por el Banco Central Europeo. En primer lugar, se construye un índice según la información cualitativa. Su heterogeneidad por grupos poblacionales apunta a que la caída del consumo durante la pandemia ha resultado tanto del consumo no satisfecho (debido a las restricciones sobre él derivadas de las medidas adoptadas para contener la pandemia) como del deterioro registrado en el mercado de trabajo. Asimismo, los resultados indican que en 2021 (con datos hasta agosto), y en consonancia con la menor severidad de las medidas vigentes para contener la pandemia, el vínculo negativo entre el nivel de ingresos y la evolución del consumo (relacionado con el ahorro forzoso) se moderó con respecto a 2020. Posteriormente, se estima qué proporción de la recuperación del gasto que tuvo lugar en el tercer trimestre de 2020, tras la intensa caída registrada en el primer semestre, puede explicarse por los cambios observados en la distribución de horas trabajadas. En primer lugar, se combina información sobre el número de horas trabajadas, el sector, el género y la edad de la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) y el consumo de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias (EFF) para estimar el cambio potencial en el gasto asociado a la evolución en el número de horas trabajadas para diversos grupos poblacionales (definidos según la edad, el género y la educación). Las estimaciones proporcionan también información sobre los grupos poblacionales cuyo gasto se ha visto más afectado por la caída del número de horas (los de bajo nivel educativo y con edades menores de 55 años). En un segundo paso, se comparan los cambios potenciales y los observados en el consumo de acuerdo con la CES para obtener la contribución de los cambios en las horas trabajadas a la evolución del gasto frente a la de otros factores (como el gasto pospuesto). Los resultados indican que los cambios en las horas trabajadas pueden explicar casi la mitad de la recuperación del consumo durante el tercer trimestre de 2020. Se analizan también las perspectivas de gasto futuro. El análisis basado en la información cualitativa contenida en la encuesta CES sobre este aspecto indica que en 2020 las perspectivas de gasto de los hogares con distinto nivel de ingresos eran similares, a pesar de que las familias de mayores rentas acumularon un volumen de ahorro forzoso mayor en este período. En 2021, una vez superada la fase de mayor incertidumbre sobre la situación económica y sanitaria, los hogares de mayores rentas presentaban también mejores perspectivas de gasto. Ello sugiere que la bolsa de ahorro acumulada durante la pandemia podría contribuir a imprimir un mayor vigor a la recuperación del consumo cuando la incertidumbre sobre la situación económica y sanitaria se disipe. Asimismo, los individuos que han sufrido ajustes en el número de horas trabajadas (especialmente, aquellos que han pasado a estar desempleados) parecen ser más pesimistas sobre la evolución de sus perspectivas laborales futuras. Ello incide, a su vez, sobre sus perspectivas de gasto, y sugiere que la consolidación de la recuperación en el mercado de trabajo observada recientemente desempeñará un papel determinante a la hora de explicar la senda futura del consumo.This article analyzes the link between household consumption and its determinants during the pandemic in Spain. For this purpose, both quantitative and qualitative data on consumption included in the Consumer Survey Expectations (CES) carried out by the European Central Bank are used. First, we construct a consumption index on the basis of its qualitative data on spending trends during the pandemic, and its heterogeneity across population groups points towards both unsatisfied consumption (due to existing restrictions on consumption) and the deterioration in the labor market being drivers of the decline of consumption during the pandemic. Likewise, the results show that, in line with the less stringent measures in place to control the pandemic, the strong negative link between income levels and consumption developments (linked to forced savings) has moderated in 2021 (with data up to August) with respect to the previous year. Then, we estimate what proportion of the recovery in household expenditure during the third quarter of 2020, after the large decline observed in the first semester, can be explained by the observed changes in the distribution of hours worked. First, we combine information on hours, industry, gender and age in the Spanish Labor Force Survey and consumption in the Spanish Survey on Household Finances (EFF) to estimate the potential change in expenditure associated with the change of hours worked for different population groups (age, gender, and education level). Those estimations also inform about the groups of the population whose expenditure has been most affected by the pandemic (low-schooling and individuals below 55 years of age). In a second step, we then compare potential and actual changes in consumption observed in the ECB's Consumer Expectation Survey to gauge quantitative contribution of changes in hours to the evolution of expenditure vs other factors (such as postponed expenditure)

Genetic and cellular sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin

Cisplatin and derivatives are commonly used as chemotherapeutic agents. Although the cytotoxic action of cisplatin on cancer cells is very efficient, clinical oncologists need to deal with two major difficulties, namely the onset of resistance to the drug and the cytotoxic effect in patients. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate factors influencing the response to cisplatin in multicellular organisms. In this hermaphroditic model organism, we observed that sperm failure is a major cause of cisplatin-induced infertility. RNA sequencing data indicate that cisplatin triggers a systemic stress response, in which DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2, two conserved transcription factors, are key regulators. We determined that inhibition of the DNA damage-induced apoptotic pathway does not confer cisplatin protection to the animal. However, mutants for the pro-apoptotic BH3-only gene ced-13 are sensitive to cisplatin, suggesting a protective role of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that our system can also be used to identify mutations providing resistance to cisplatin and therefore potential biomarkers of innate cisplatin-refractory patients. We show that mutants for the redox regulator trxr-1, ortholog of the mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1 TRXR1, display cisplatin resistance. By CRISPR/Cas9, we determined that such resistance relies on the presence of the single selenocysteine residue in TRXR-1.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI15/00895 PI16/01898European Regional Development Fund/FEDERNetherlands Organization for Scientific Research 711.014.005Sociedad Española de Oncología MédicaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2007-67123 BFU2015-64408-PEuropean Social Fund BFU2015-64408-

Insights into cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cisplatin is the most common drug in first-line chemotherapy against solid tumors. We and others have previously used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic factors influencing the sensitivity and resistance to cisplatin. In this study, we used C elegans to explore cisplatin effects on mitochondrial functions and investigate cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity through a high-resolution system for evaluating locomotion. First, we report that a high-glucose diet sensitizes C elegans to cisplatin at the physiological level and that mitochondrial CED-13 protects the cell from cisplatin-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, by assessing mitochondrial function with a Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer, we observed a detrimental effect of cisplatin and glucose on mitochondrial respiration. Second, because catechol-O-methyltransferases (involved in dopamine degradation) are upregulated upon cisplatin exposure, we studied the protective role of dopamine against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Using a Tierpsy Tracker system for measuring neurotoxicity, we showed that abnormal displacements and body postures in cat-2 mutants, which have dopamine synthesis disrupted, can be rescued by adding dopamine. Then, we demonstrated that dopamine treatment protects against the doseoependent neurotoxicity caused by cisplatin

Oxidative stress influence on renal dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice: A case and control prospective study

Obstructive Jaundice (OJ) is associated with a significant risk of developing acute renal failure (ARF). The involvement of oxidative stress in the development of cholestasis has been demonstrated in different experimental models. However, its role in the morbidity of human cholestasis is far to be elucidated. The aim of the study was the evaluation of oxidative stress markers in blood from patients with OJ and its relation to complications and benign/malignant evolution of cholestasis. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 105 patients with OJ and 34 control subjects were included. Several markers of liver function and oxidative stress, such as lipoperoxides (LPO), as well as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were assessed. Results: The patients with OJ showed a marked increase in plasma levels of LPO, SOD and GSH, while GSH-Px levels were decreased. The increase in lipid peroxidation products and the depletion of SOD activity in blood were also related to renal dysfunction. The highest level of LPO was associated with malignant etiology of the disease. The logistic regression analysis showed that the age of the patient and the levels of LPO in blood were predictors of renal dysfunction in OJ patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a correlation between oxidative stress and renal dysfunction patients with OJ.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI02/015

Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship with academic engagement

Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship with academic engagement (absorption, dedication and vigor), sex and degree among students from four public universities. Method: A non-experimental,comparative correlational, quantitative investigation without intervention. Study population: 1840 nursing and physical therapy students. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Results: A 32.2% prevalence of psychological distress was found in the subjects; a correlation between vigor and psychological distress was found for all of the subjects and also for women. High absorption and dedication scores and low psychological distress scores predicted higher vigor scores. Conclusion: The risk of psychological distress is high, especially for women. Women seem to have a higher level of psychological distress than men. Vigor, energy and mental resilience positively influence psychological distress and can be a vehicle for better results during the learning and studying process.





Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del malestar psicológico y su relación con el engagement académico (absorción, dedicación y vigor) y con variables sexo y titulación, de los estudiantes de cuatro universidades públicas. Método: Estudio comparativo correlacional, investigación cuantitativa sin intervención, no experimental. Población 1840 estudiantes de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. La herramienta de recogida de datos fue el cuestionario. Resultados: Prevalencia de malestar psicológico en el 32.2% de los sujetos; se hallaron correlaciones entre vigor y malestar psicológico para el conjunto de sujetos y para el grupo de las mujeres. Las puntuaciones altas en absorción y dedicación y bajas en malestar psicológico, predicen valoraciones más altas en vigor. Conclusión: El riesgo de malestar psicológico es alto, especialmente para las mujeres. Éstas se perciben con mayor malestar psicológico que los hombres. El vigor, energía y resistencia con los estudios, influye positivamente sobre el malestar psicológico y puede ser un vehículo para unos mejores resultados del aprendizaje.
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência do mal-estar psicológico e a sua relação com o engagement acadêmico (absorção, dedicação e vigor) e as variáveis ​​sexo e formação profissional em estudantes de quatro universidades públicas. Método: Investigação quantitativa sem intervenção, estudo não experimental e correlacional comparativo. A amostra foi constituída por 1.840 alunos de Enfermagem e Fisioterapia e o instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário. Resultados: A prevalência do mal-estar psicológico foi encontrada em 32,2% dos indivíduos; foram encontradas correlações entre vigor e mal-estar psicológico para o conjunto dos sujeitos, principalmente para o grupo das mulheres. A existência de escores elevados para dedicação e absorção, e baixos para mal-estar psicológico é preditora de pontuações mais elevadas em vigor. Conclusão: O risco de mal-estar psicológico é elevado, especialmente nas mulheres. Estas se percebem com maior mal-estar psicológico que os homens. O vigor, a energia e a resistência, aplicados na relação com os estudos influenciam positivamente o mal-estar psicológico e podem ser um veículo para melhores resultados de aprendizagem
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Duration of estrus and preovulatory surge of LH in Boer x Nubian goats synchronized with various hormones in tropical latitude of Mexico

The objective was to determine the duration of estrus, preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), fertility and prolificacy of Boer x Nubian goats in tropical Mexico (19º29’LN) synchronized with fluorogestone acetate (FGA) and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) combined with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). The treatments were: T1 (FGA, n = 5), T2 (FGA + GnRH, n = 7), T3 (FGA + eCG, n = 8), T4 (PGF2 + GnRH, n = 5) and T5 (PGF2 + eCG, n = 7). The responses measured were percentage of animals showing estrus, duration of estrus (h), fertility (%), prolificacy (kids/parturition); intervals (h) from end of treatment til estrus and til peak preovulatory LH concentration, from onset of estrus til peak LH; duration of peak LH (h), and LH concentration (ng/mL). Duration of estrus was longest in goats of T3 (35.2 ± 1.4). Onset of estrus differed (P&lt;0.05) between T2 and T3 (27.9 ± 1.2 vs. 17.2 ± 1.2). Use of PGF2 (T4 and T5) delayed onset of estrus compared with T2 and T3. Interval between sponge withdrawal and onset of LH peak was shorter in T3 than T2 (P&lt;0.05), while that from onset of estrus to LH peak was shorter (P&lt;0.05) with eCG, injection than with GnRH. There were no differences in length and breadth neither of the preovulatory LH surge nor in fertility or litter size (P&gt;0.05). The use of GnRH, either with PGF2 or FGA, increased the time from onset of estrus to LH peak, whereas the use of eCG shortened it

Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship with academic engagement

P. 715-722Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship with academic engagement (absorption, dedication and vigor), sex and degree among students from four public universities. Method: A non-experimental, comparative correlational, quantitative investigation without intervention. Study population: 1840 nursing and physical therapy students. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Results: A 32.2% prevalence of psychological distress was found in the subjects; a correlation between vigor and psychological distress was found for all of the subjects and also for women. High absorption and dedication scores and low psychological distress scores predicted higher vigor scores. Conclusion: The risk of psychological distress is high, especially for women. Women seem to have a higher level of psychological distress than men. Vigor, energy and mental resilience positively influence psychological distress and can be a vehicle for better results during the learning and studying process.S