La marca territorio como elemento de la comunicación: Factor estratégico del desarrollo turístico en Cuenca

The brand of a country, a region or a city has, as its main goal, to make visible the image of that physical space between the receiving public. The importance of tourism in the Cuenca’s economy together with the steady increase competitiveness between destinations, justifies the study of its brand. This article aims to determine if the brand and brand image of Cuenca is consistent with its tourism situation and how far a brand territory can promote proper development of a tourist industry in the area. To do this, it´s necessary to perform an análisis of the current brand of Cuenca, sets its suitability, defines the basics functions and main features of a brand territory, and finally proposes a model for Cuenca.La marca de un país, un territorio o una ciudad tiene, como fin primordial, hacer visible la imagen de ese espacio físico entre el público receptor. El peso del turismo en la economía conquense junto con el aumento constante de la competitividad entre destinos, justifica el estudio de su marca. Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar si la marca e imagen de marca de Cuenca es coherente con su realidad turística y hasta que punto una marca territorio adecuada puede propiciar el desarrollo del sector turístico de un lugar. Para ello se realiza un análisis de la actual marca de Cuenca, se establece su idoneidad, se determinan las funciones básicas y principales características de una marca territorio y se propone un modelo para Cuenca

Quercetin Attenuates Nuclear Factor-κB Activation and Nitric Oxide Production in Interleukin-1β–Activated Rat Hepatocytes

[EN] We investigated whether different concentrations of the flavonoid quercetin ameliorate nitric oxide production and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in interleukin (IL)-1β-activated rat hepatocytes. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated with IL-1β alone or with quercetin in concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μmol/L. The generation of reactive oxygen species, assessed by flow cytometry using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, was significantly reduced, and the oxidized:reduced glutathione ratio decreased in cultures treated with 50 and 100 μmol/L of quercetin. Quercetin at 100 μmol/L significantly prevented the IL-1β-induced release of nitrite into the culture medium. Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR analyses demonstrated that increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA in hepatocytes stimulated by IL-1β were prevented by 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L of quercetin. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments and Western blots indicated that quercetin blocked the activation of NF-κB and decreased the inhibitor êÂprotein levels induced by IL-1β. In summary, quercetin, a natural flavonol widely distributed in the human diet, inhibits NO production in IL-1β-stimulated hepatocytes through the inhibition of iNOS expression. Although the mode of action remains to be clarified, our findings support the view that the mechanism of action is via inhibition of IL-1β-induced NF-κB activationS

Psychophysiological responses to acute stress in two groups of healthy women differing in fitness

This study examined how the degree of fitness affects several psychophysiological responses to stress in elite sportswomen and physically active women. Trait anxiety and mood were evaluated, and salivary testosterone (Tsal) and cortisol (Csal) concentrations determined before and after a maximal ergometry. Afterwards, subjects carried out the Stroop task, where heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were continuously recorded. At baseline, elite sportswomen had worse mood, and lower cardiovascular basal measures and testosterone:cortisol ratio. In the Stroop task, they showed higher SCL reactivity and worse recovery with respect to the baseline values than physically active women. There was a positive relationship between Tsal and HR as well as between negative mood and SCL, and a negative one between negative mood and HR. In women, the degree of fitness moderates he electrodermal responses to acute stress, a specific pattern of relationship among different psychophysiological variables being found

La competencia digital en profesores españoles de Primaria, Secundaria y Universidad

Introducción: la Competencia Digital (CD) es una característica necesaria en la práctica docente, más aún en la situación actual de pandemia. Analizarla de acuerdo con variables que puedan influir en su desarrollo resulta fundamental para poder realizar propuestas de intervención y formación focalizadas en perfiles de docentes que así lo requieren. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer, describir y analizar la CD (habilidades y actitudes hacia el uso pedagógico de la tecnología) de docentes españoles de diversos niveles educativos. Método: se han aplicado dos cuestionarios elaborados “ad hoc” para la presente investigación a una muestra de 241 profesores españoles de diversos niveles educativos. Se ha estudiado mediante estadística no paramétrica si existen diferencias en la CD según el género y el nivel educativo y mediante análisis de correlaciones su relación con la edad y los años de experiencia. Resultados: se ha encontrado que la CD autopercibida es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, aunque la actitud es más favorable en las mujeres. Respecto al nivel se ha encontrado que la habilidad autopercibida es similar en los docentes de primaria, secundaria y universidad, sin embargo, la actitud es más favorable en estos últimos. Finalmente hay correlación negativa entre la edad y los años de experiencia con la habilidad en el manejo de dispositivos digitales y aplicaciones multiplataforma. Discusión: se encuentra una buena valoración por parte de los docentes respecto a sus habilidades para usar la tecnología, considerando que tienen mejor habilidad en los dispositivos digitales que en las aplicaciones multiplataforma

La competencia digital en profesores españoles de Primaria, Secundaria y Universidad

La Competencia Digital (CD) es una característica necesaria en la práctica docente, más aún en la situación actual de pandemia. Analizarla de acuerdo con variables que puedan influir en su desarrollo resulta fundamental para poder realizar propuestas de intervención y formación focalizadas en perfiles de docentes que así lo requieren. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer, describir y analizar la CD (habilidades y actitudes hacia el uso pedagógico de la tecnología) de docentes españoles de diversos niveles educativos. Se han aplicado dos cuestionarios elaborados “ad hoc” para la presente investigación a una muestra de 241 profesores españoles de diversos niveles educativos. Se ha estudiado mediante estadística no paramétrica si existen diferencias en la CD según el género y el nivel educativo y mediante análisis de correlaciones su relación con la edad y los años de experiencia. Se ha encontrado que la CD autopercibida es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, aunque la actitud es más favorable en las mujeres. Respecto al nivel se ha encontrado que la habilidad autopercibida es similar en los docentes de primaria, secundaria y universidad, sin embargo, la actitud es más favorable en estos últimos. Finalmente hay correlación negativa entre la edad y los años de experiencia con la habilidad en el manejo de dispositivos digitales y aplicaciones multiplataforma. Se encuentra una buena valoración por parte de los docentes respecto a sus habilidades para usar la tecnología, considerando que tienen mejor habilidad en los dispositivos digitales que en las aplicaciones multiplataforma.2022-2

Characterization of a recombinant transferrin-binding proteinA (TbpA) fragment fromHaemophilus parasuis serovar 5

9 p.Haemophilus parasuis, the etiological agent of Gl¨asser’s disease in pigs, possesses iron acquisition pathways mediated by a surface receptor that specifically bind porcine transferrin. This receptor is composed of transferrin-binding protein A (TbpA) and TbpB. As it has been reported for other gram-negative organisms, H. parasuis TbpA could be useful as a candidate target for H. parasuis vaccination. In this study, a 600-bp tbpA fragment of the gene encoding TbpA from H. parasuis serovar 5, the Nagasaki strain, was amplified by PCR and cloned into a pBAD/ Thio-TOPO expression vector, generating the pBAD-Thio-TbpA-V5-His (TbpAHis) construction. Escherichia coli LMG194-competent cells were transformed with this construction, followed by the induction of protein expression with arabinose. A band (38.5 kDa) corresponding to a 200-amino acid recombinant TbpA (rTbpA) fragment was seen on the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and confirmed by immunoblotting. Polyclonal antibodies raised against this fragment were specific for H. parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, reacted at the cell surface with H. parasuis, and a significant bactericidal activity was also detected. Therefore, this rTbpA fragment induces an immunological response and might be useful as an antigen for vaccination against Gl¨asser’s diseaseS

Removal of azo dyes orange II and reactive black 5 from aqueous solutions by adsorption on chitosan beads modified with choline chloride: urea deep eutectic solvent and FeO

The removal of the azo dyes Orange II (OII) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solutions was studied using three types of adsorbents derived from chitosan: unmodified chitosan beads (un-Ch), chitosan beads tuned with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride:urea at a 1:2 molar ratio (Ch-DES), along with FeO nanoparticles added to chitosan and modified with DES (Ch-FeO-DES). Both dyes were effectively removed in 3–4 h when Ch-DES beads were used, at a dye concentration range of 25–50 mg/L. The modification with DES improved the removal efficiency to achieve increases of around 32% for OII and 17% for RB5. The adsorbent dosage and the initial dye concentration influenced the adsorption process. Isotherm adsorption models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models) were applied to identify the adsorption behavior. The process could be characterized by employing the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fitting it to the monolayer Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption occurred on a monolayer with no interaction among dye molecules when electrostatic forces would determine the attaching of dye molecules on the adsorbent. OII was efficiently desorbed by an alkaline solution, while RB5 was more strongly attached. The adsorbent could be recycled, after regeneration with an acid solution, for at least 5 reuse cycles while still achieving effective OII removal. Reactivation with a diluted EDTA solution allowed the authors to recycle RB5-attached beads, achieving optimum removal in two further uses.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GPC-ED431B 2020/08Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2019-107728RB-I0

Removal of Acid Blue 80 from aqueous solutions using chitosan-based beads modified with choline chloride: urea Deep Eutectic Solvent and FeO

An alternative chitosan-based adsorbent modified by impregnation with deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline-chloride:urea at a molar ratio 1:2 proved efficient removal of the anthraquinone dye Acid Blue 80 (AB80) from aqueous solutions, and offered enhanced adsorption capacity compared to the starting materials. The adsorption was mainly affected by initial AB80 concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and slightly influenced by temperature (25–45 °C), and pH (3.5–10). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data, and pseudo-first order model fitted as well at the highest AB80 concentration, 250 mg/L. The experimental data agreed with the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 61.64 mg/g at 35 °C. The process was exothermic above 100 mg/L of dye and spontaneous up to 200 mg/L (T < 35 °C). The adsorbent could be reused without further treatment at least 5 times providing ≥40% removal, whereas the dye could be efficiently recovered by NaOH desorption. Electrostatic interactions as well as physisorption could explain the adsorption behaviorAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2019-107728RB-I00Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2020/08Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Intestinal microbiota modulation in obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

[EN] Obesity and associated comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a major concern to public well-being worldwide due to their high prevalence among the population, and its tendency on the rise point to as important threats in the future. Therapeutic approaches for obesity-associated disorders have been circumscribed to lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy. Over the last few years, different studies have shown a significant role of intestinal microbiota (IM) on obesity establishment and NAFLD development. Therefore, modulation of IM emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated diseases. Administration of prebiotic and probiotic compounds, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and exercise protocols have shown a modulatory action over the IM. In this review we provide an overview of current approaches targeting IM which have shown their capacity to counteract NAFLD and metabolic syndrome features in human patients and animal models.SIThis work was supported by grants to JG-G and SS-C from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER (BFU2017- 87960-R) and Junta de Castilla y León (LE063U16 and GRS 1888/A/18). DP was supported by a fellowship from Junta de Castilla y León co-financed by the European Social Fund. EN was supported by Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria of León. MG-M was supported by CIBERehd contracts. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain

Efecto del compostaje en la germinación de semillas de Digitaria sanguinalis

Uno de los parámetros de calidad del compost es la ausencia de semillas U otros propágulos viables de malas hierbas. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del proceso de compostaje en la capacidad germinativa de semillas de garranchuelo (Digitaria sanguinalis) y mijera (Echinochloa crus-galli), dos especies de malas hierbas anuales ampliamente distribuidas. El experimento se llevó a cabo en compostadores de tipo doméstico de 330L. El llenado de los compostadores se realizó en 3 días con una mezcla 1:1 (v:v) de fracción orgánica y restos de poda de jardinería urbana triturados. Al finalizar el llenado, se enterraron en la zona media-central de los compostadores 14 bolsas de nylon por especie, con un mínimo de 200 semillas cada una. Se utilizaron semillas no latentes, almacenadas en seco desde su recolección, con una germinación superior al 95%. Cada día y durante dos semanas se extrajeron 2 bolsas por especie. Las semillas de cada bolsa se pusieron a germinar al régimen térmico y lumínico de 20ºC (12h de oscuridad) / 30ºC (12h de luz). La germinación de Digitaria sanguinalis fue nula en los 14 desenterramientos efectuados. Los resultados con Echinochloa crus-galli fueron similares, aunque en este caso se detectó cierta germinación (55ºC) y elevada humedad es letal para ambas especies.Postprint (published version