Vesicular Tubular Clusters between the ER and Golgi Mediate Concentration of Soluble Secretory Proteins by Exclusion from COPI-Coated Vesicles

AbstractWe have determined the concentrations of the secretory proteins amylase and chymotrypsinogen and the membrane proteins KDELr and rBet1 in COPII- and COPI-coated pre-Golgi compartments of pancreatic cells by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy. COPII was confined to ER membrane buds and adjacent vesicles. COPI occurred on vesicular tubular clusters (VTCs), Golgi cisternae, the trans-Golgi network, and immature secretory granules. Both secretory proteins exhibited a first, significant concentration step in noncoated segments of VTC tubules and were excluded from COPI-coated tips. By contrast, KDELr and rBet1 showed a first, significant concentration in COPII-coated ER buds and vesicles and were prominently present in COPI-coated tips of VTC tubules. These data suggest an important role of VTCs in soluble cargo concentration by exclusion from COPI-coated domains

Efectividad de hongos micorrizo-arbusculares nativos en suelos con diferentes usos agropecuarios

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of mycorrhizal-arbuscular fungi (AMF) of soils with different agricultural uses , in the middle valley of the Sinú river,Colombia. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, where Leucaena leucocephala was used as the indicator plant, which was planted in masons with an Andisol soil (horizon B) used as a substrate. This substrate was inoculated separately with samples from seven soils (Ap horizon), as a source of AMF, from the Turipaná Research Center in Agrosavia. As controls we included inoculation with HMA Glomus fasciculatum and one non-inoculated one. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation was evaluated by monitoring the foliar P content in L. leucocephala plants, as a function of time to 64 days, when the dry mass of its aerial part and mycorrhizal colonization was determined. Results. The growth of L. leucocephala and the foliar P content was significantly higher when the soil was inoculated with G. fasciculatum, in comparison to that observed with the other treatments. Likewise, mycorrhizal colonization was very high in the roots of L. leucocephala that grew in the soil inoculated with G. fasciculatum and lower in the other treatments. Conclusions. The results indicate that the native AMF of soils with different uses, from Turipaná, exhibited low potential to develop mycorrhizal symbiosis, which limited the growth and concentration of leaf P in the host plant.Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de hongos micorrizo-arbusculares (HMA) de suelos con diferentes usos agropecuarios, en el valle medio del río Sinú, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Bajo condiciones de invernadero se realizó el experimento, donde se utilizó como planta indicadora Leucaena leucocephala, la cual se sembró en materos con suelo de un Andisol (horizonte B) usado como sustrato. Este sustrato, se inoculó separadamente con muestras de siete suelos (horizonte Ap), como fuente de HMA, provenientes del Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Agrosavia. Como controles se incluyeron inoculación con HMA Glomus fasciculatum y uno no-inoculado  El efecto de la inoculación micorrizal se evaluó mediante el monitoreo del contenido de P foliar en las plantas de L. leucocephala, en función del tiempo hasta 64 días cuando se determinó la masa seca de su parte aérea y la colonización micorrizal. Resultados. El crecimiento de L. leucocephala y el contenido de P foliar fue significativamente superior cuando el suelo se inoculó con G. fasciculatum, en comparación a aquel observado con los demás tratamientos. De igual forma, la colonización micorrizal fue muy alta en las raíces de L. leucocephala que crecieron en el suelo inoculado con G. fasciculatum e inferior en los otros tratamientos. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que los HMA nativos de suelos con diferentes usos, provenientes del C.I Turipaná de Agrosavia, exhibieron bajo potencial para desarrollar simbiosis micorrizal, lo que limitó el crecimiento y la concentración de P foliar en la planta hospedera

Manuela: tradición, modernidad y violencia política

Disuelta la Gran Colombia e iniciado el proceso de formación del Estado de la Nueva Granada se produjo una temprana división en el grupo que, habiendo derrotado la dictadura del general Urdaneta, convocó al Congreso Constituyente que aprobó la Carta de 1832

Manuela: tradición, modernidad y violencia política

Disuelta la Gran Colombia e iniciado el proceso de formación del Estado de la Nueva Granada se produjo una temprana división en el grupo que, habiendo derrotado la dictadura del general Urdaneta, convocó al Congreso Constituyente que aprobó la Carta de 1832

Candelilla wax edible coating with Flourensia cernua bioactives to prolong the quality of tomato fruits

The improvement of the postharvest quality of tomato fruits was evaluated using an edible coating functionalized with an Flourensia cernua extract evaluating the antifungal, structural, barrier, and optical properties. The formulation and evaluation of an edible coating and its application on tomato was evaluated using a response surface methodology to determine the ideal concentrations of candelilla wax, whey protein, and glycerol. Edible films showed good barrier properties, with water vapor permeability varying from 0.4350.404 g mm/m2 day kPa. The addition o F. cernua extract showed significant improvement in the transparency of films. The edible coating applied to tomato reduced weight and firmness loss. The sensory evaluation proved that the product obtained is acceptable for consumers. The edible coating added with F. cernua extract was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi and the visual appearance at the end of storage confirmed the beneficial effect of the edible coating.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Peri-Golgi vesicles contain retrograde but not anterograde proteins consistent with the cisternal progression model of intra-Golgi transport

A cisternal progression mode of intra-Golgi transport requires that Golgi resident proteins recycle by peri-Golgi vesicles, whereas the alternative model of vesicular transport predicts anterograde cargo proteins to be present in such vesicles. We have used quantitative immuno-EM on NRK cells to distinguish peri-Golgi vesicles from other vesicles in the Golgi region. We found significant levels of the Golgi resident enzyme mannosidase II and the transport machinery proteins giantin, KDEL-receptor, and rBet1 in coatomer protein I–coated cisternal rims and peri-Golgi vesicles. By contrast, when cells expressed vesicular stomatitis virus protein G this anterograde marker was largely absent from the peri-Golgi vesicles. These data suggest a role of peri-Golgi vesicles in recycling of Golgi residents, rather than an important role in anterograde transport

Estimation of phosphorous and nitrogen waste in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) diets including different inorganic phosphorous sources

[EN] Aquaculture effluents with high levels of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contribute to eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem. The environmental impact of phosphorus and N aquaculture waste may be diminished by modifying diet ingredients that improve phosphorous (P) digestibility, and therefore, reduce the P in metabolic waste. The content of P in fishmeal is high (30 g/kg), but the inclusion of fishmeal in the diet is reducing due to its high costs and limited accessibility; therefore, the addition of an inorganic P source is necessary to ensure a satisfactory level of available P in fish diets. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of four different inorganic P sources on P digestibility and excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as one of the most relevant aquaculture species. Monosodium/monocalcium phosphate with 2% of sodium source presented a P digestibility similar to monoammonium phosphate, but with lower nitrogen and phosphorus excretion into the environment, which is advantageous from a nutritional, environmental and industrial point of view (biofilters and recirculation systems in fish farms). This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 +/- 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.This study has been developed under the framework of the project entitled "Improvement of the nutritional quality of aquaculture feeds through the incorporation of microalgae hydrolysates enriched in probiotic microorganisms-ALQUABIOTIC," ITC-20181099, corresponding to the FEDER INNTERCONECTA 2018 call, funded by CDTI (Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology), supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and co-financed by FEDER funds (European Regional Development Fund) within the 2014-2020 Intelligent Growth Operational Program.Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Peñaranda, D.; Carpintero, L.; Mesa, JS.; Dupuy, J.; Donadeu, A.... (2021). Estimation of phosphorous and nitrogen waste in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) diets including different inorganic phosphorous sources. Animals. 11(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061700S11411

Do Cross-Language Script Differences Enable Bilinguals to Function Selectively When Speaking in One Language Alone?

The present study examined the role of script in bilingual speech planning by comparing the performance of same and different-script bilinguals. Spanish-English bilinguals (Experiment 1) and Japanese-English bilinguals (Experiment 2) performed a picture-word interference task in which they were asked to name a picture of an object in English, their second language, while ignoring a visual distractor word in Spanish or Japanese, their first language. Results replicated the general pattern seen in previous bilingual picture-word interference studies for the same-script, Spanish-English bilinguals but not for the different-script, Japanese-English bilinguals. Both groups showed translation facilitation, whereas only Spanish-English bilinguals demonstrated semantic interference, phonological facilitation, and phono-translation facilitation. These results suggest that when the script of the language not in use is present in the task, bilinguals appear to exploit the perceptual difference as a language cue to direct lexical access to the intended language earlier in the process of speech planning

Requerimiento hídrico de la berenjena solanum melongena l. bajo

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los requerimientos hídricos de dos genotipos de berenjena Solanum melongena L. bajo riego por goteo en el valle del Sinú medio, en época seca. El estudio se hizo en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná, de Corpoica, ubicado en Cereté, Córdoba, en un suelo clasificado como eutropet. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con un arreglo factorial de parcelas divididas, con dos genotipos de berenjena (Morada y Lila gris) bajo cinco dosis de riego 1, 2, 4, 6 y 8 l∙planta -1∙día-1. Los resultados  demostraron que los genotipos de berenjena morada y lila gris se comportaron similarmente, sin presentar diferencias significativas. Hubo diferencias altamente significativas en las variables altura de planta, diámetro del tallo y rendimiento. El tratamiento de riego de 8 l∙planta -1∙día-1 registró la mayor altura de planta (93,0 cm), el mayor diámetro del tallo (53,4 mm) y el mayor rendimiento con 27.843 kg∙ha -1; el coeficiente del cultivo (Kc) fue de 0,25 en la etapa vegetativa, 1,65 en la de floración, 1,41 en la de fructificación y 1,72 en la de cosecha. Se concluyó que el requerimiento hídrico de los genotipos de berenjena Morada y Lila gris es de 841 mm durante el ciclo del cultivo (138 días después del transplante) en el valle del Sinú medio, en época seca. Igualmente, el análisis económico mostró como mejor dosis de riego la de 8 l∙planta -1∙día-1, presentando  un ingreso neto mayor

SEOM clinical guidelines in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (2019)

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 high penetrance genes account for most hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, although other new high-moderate penetrance genes included in multigene panels have increased the genetic diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families by 50%. Multigene cancer panels provide new challenges related to increased frequency of variants of uncertain significance, new gene-specific cancer risk assessments, and clinical recommendations for carriers of mutations of new genes. Although clinical criteria for genetic testing continue to be largely based on personal and family history with around a 10% detection rate, broader criteria are being applied with a lower threshold for detecting mutations when there are therapeutic implications for patients with breast or ovarian cancer. In this regard, new models of genetic counselling and testing are being implemented following the registration of PARP inhibitors for individuals who display BRCA mutations. Massive sequencing techniques in tumor tissue is also driving a paradigm shift in genetic testing and potential identification of germline mutations. In this paper, we review the current clinical criteria for genetic testing, as well as surveillance recommendations in healthy carriers, risk reduction surgical options, and new treatment strategies in breast cancer gene-mutated carriers