Visual attention mechanisms in happiness vs. trustworthiness processing of facial expressions

A happy facial expression makes a person look (more) trustworthy. Do perceptions of happiness and trustworthiness rely on the same face regions and visual attention processes? In an eye-tracking study, eye movements and fixations were recorded while participants judged the un/happiness or the un/trustworthiness of dynamic facial expressions in which the eyes and/or the mouth unfolded from neutral to happy or vice versa. A smiling mouth and happy eyes enhanced perceived happiness and trustworthiness similarly, with a greater contribution of the smile relative to the eyes. This comparable judgement output for happiness and trustworthiness was reached through shared as well as distinct attentional mechanisms: (a) entry times and (b) initial fixation thresholds for each face region were equivalent for both judgements, thereby revealing the same attentional orienting in happiness and trustworthiness processing. However, (c) greater and (d) longer fixation density for the mouth region in the happiness task, and for the eye region in the trustworthiness task, demonstrated different selective attentional engagement. Relatedly, (e) mean fixation duration across face regions was longer in the trustworthiness task, thus showing increased attentional intensity or processing effort

Transformations of a teacher in her relationship with a deafblind student

Cuando comenzamos a trabajar en la escuela tenemos un bagaje vivido como alumno que condiciona nuestra forma de dar clase y las expectativas que podemos tener hacia el alumnado, en general y al de necesidades educativas, en especial. Sin embargo, estas concepciones se pueden cambiar. El profesorado puede reconstruir su identidad docente haciendo prevalecer su pasión por la educación y con el apoyo de compañeros y compañeras. La historia de vida que se presenta es el de una maestra de Educación Infantil que tiene en su aula a una alumna inmigrante sordociega. En ella se muestra la transformación de su idea sobre la integración, avanzando a una concepción inclusiva. Este cambio se basa en procesos de reflexión individuales y en diálogos con otros compañeros y compañeras suponiendo que ampliase sus ideas acerca de lo positivo de la educación inclusiva y que las mejoras que buscaba en la alumna se extendiesen a todo el centro y fuera de este. La transformación de las creencias de la docente ha sido muy positiva para la familia de la alumna y para la propia alumna que se encuentran enun aula inclusiva con una educación lo más normalizada posible

Adsorption of hydrogen sulphide on Metal-Organic Frameworks

Three new sets of interatomic potentials to model hydrogen sulphide (H2S) have been fitted. One of them is a 3-sites potential (which we named 3S) and the other two are 5-sites potentials (which we named 5S and 5Sd). The molecular dipole of the 3S and 5S potentials is 1.43 D, which is the value usually employed for H2S potentials, while the dipole of the 5Sd is the dipole measured experimentally for the H2S molecule, circa 0.974 D. The interatomic potentials parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental vapour-liquid equilibrium, vapour pressure and liquid density curves. The potential parameters fitted so far for H2S have been obtained applying long-range corrections to the Lennard-Jones energy. For that reason, when a cut and shift of the Lennard-Jones potentials is applied they do not yield the correct results. We employed a cut and shift of the Lennard-Jones potentials in the fitting procedure, which facilitates the use of the new potentials to model H2S adsorption on systems such as Metal-Organics Frameworks (MOFs). We have employed the newly developed potentials to study the adsorption of H2S on Cu-BTC, MIL-47 and IRMOF-1 and the results agree with the available electronic structures calculations. All calculations (both quantum and interatomic potential-based) predict that H2S does not bind to the Cu atoms in Cu-BTC

Peer assessment in physical education: A systematic review of the last five years

Purpose: A systematic review of the use of peer assessment in Physical Education in the last five years (2016–2020). Method: Four databases were used to select those articles that included information on peer assessment in Physical Education in the different educational stages. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including the PICO (participants, intervention, comparators, and outcomes) strategy, after the exclusion criteria, 13 articles were fully assessed based on seven criteria: (1) year and author; (2) country; (3) educational stage; (4) type of paper; (5) purpose; (6) content; and (7) outcomes. Results: the results show that the research was geographically dispersed, although Spain and the USA had half of the articles reviewed. The research was carried out at all educational stages, although a greater focus was observed in higher education than in primary and secondary education. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research was almost equally represented, and dealt mainly with sports and games. Regarding the goals of the studies, a diversity of research so great that it produced a lack of continuity and coherence in the literature on the subject was found. The research results on the use of peer assessment showed an increase in the level of motivation, perceived teaching confidence and competence, and teaching self-efficacy. More research is needed on the benefits of the use of peer assessment on the self-regulation of learning and the critical thinking of students

Primeras experiencias españolas con el uso de los ANTIVEGF intravítreos en la retinopatía del prematuro. Estudio multicéntrico

Objetivo: Evaluar el pronóstico anatómico de los niños con retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) tratados con inyecciones intraoculares de antiVEGF y laser. Metodo: Estudio multicéntrico, intervencional y retrospectivo. En el estudio se incluyeron 15 ojos de 12 prematuros con ROP de alto riesgo de 6 hospitales diferentes. De ellos, 17 recibieron fotocoagulación e inyección intraocular de dos formas diferentes: Grupo 1.Tratamiento combinado. Siete ojos. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en un intervalo menor de 10 días. Grupo 2. Tratamiento postlaser. Siete ojos. Pacientes en los que seguía progresando la retinopatía después de la fotocoagulación (la inyección se efectuó, de media, 37,4 días después). El pronóstico se estableció por la necesidad de vitrectomía y por el resultado anatómica retiniano final. Se efectuó un estudio estadístico comparativo entre ambos grupos con test no paramétricos (U Mann-Withney y Chi2). Resultados: Grupo 1. Se dio laser y se puso la inyección intraocular a los 83,2 y 84,7 días de media, respectivamente. (37,8 y 38,7 semanas postmenstruales-PM-). Grupo 2. Se fotocoaguló a los 70,1 días (36,4 semanas PM) y la inyección intraocular se inyectó a los 107,5 días (41,8 semanas PM). Sólo 4 ojos necesitaron vitrectomía, todos pertenecientes al grupo 1 (57,1 %) y por tanto ninguno del grupo 2 (p=0,07). Evolucionaron a pliegue macular o desprendimiento de retina el 14,3 % del grupo 1 y el 71,4 % del grupo 2 (p=0,1). Conclusiones: La inyección intravítrea de antiVEGF con fotocoagulación fue más efectiva que cuando se administra en casos de ojos no respondedores a la fotocoagulaciónObjective: To assess the anatomical outcome of babies with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with laser and intravitreal injection of antiVEGF. Methods: Retrospective, interventional, multicenter trial. The study included 15 eyes of twelve preterm infants with high risk ROP (from 6 hospitals). Fourteen eyes received intravitreal injections of antiVEGF (bevacizumab or pegaptanib sodium) and laser photocoagulation in two different regimes: Group 1 - combined treatment - (7 eyes). Laser and antiVEGF injections were performed in less than 10 days. Group 2 - postlaser treatment - (7 eyes). Patients with progressive ROP despite peripheral laser ablation (injection antiVEGF, -mean- 37.4 days after). The results were evaluated for the need of more surgery and the final retinal anatomical status. Outcomes for the 2 treatment groups were compared using parametric tests (U Mann-Whitney and Chi2). Results: Group 1. Retinal photocoagulation and intraocular injection were performed at 83.2 and 84.7 days (mean values) or 37.8 and 38.7 weeks (mean values) (postmenstrual age -PMA-). Group 2. Babies underwent photocoagulation at 70.1 days (mean) [36.4 weeks PMA] and injection at 107.5 days [41.8 w. PMA]. Four eyes of group 2 needed vitrectomy (57.1 %) but none in group1 (p=0,07). Macular fold or retinal detachment developed in 14.3 % of group 1 and 71.4 % of group 2 (p=0,1). Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of antiVEGF with photocoagulation was more effective than intravitreal injection in eyes unresponsive to photocoagulatio

Low and high Reynolds number flows inside Taylor cones

Liquid motions inside Taylor cones exhibit interesting features which are not well understood yet. In addition to the flow rate injected through the electrified needle to which the conical meniscus is anchored, the action of the tangential electrical stress on the cone surface induces a recirculating meridional motion, towards the apex along the generatrix and away from it along the axis. Sometimes, a vigorous swirl is observed. The characteristic value of the liquid velocity is found to be highly dependent on both the electrical conductivity and the viscosity of the liquid, so that the Reynolds number of the liquid flow varies from very small values (creeping flow) for the case of highly conducting and viscous liquids to relatively large values for liquids with sufficiently low values of the liquid conductivity and viscosity. Theoretical conical flows for low and high values of the Reynolds number show qualitatively good agreement with photographs of real flows inside Taylor cones. In particular, the existence of a vigorous swirl which is observed in the electrospraying of paraffins and other poorly conducting and low viscosity liquids can be explained as bifurcation of a primarily nonswirling meridional flow when the Reynolds number reaches a critical value.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología PB96-0679-C02-0

Provenance of quartz grains from soils over Quaternary terraces along the Guadalquivir River, Spain

This work was supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España (“Mediterranean Soil Typologies versus Quartz. At the frontier of pedogenic knowledge”; Ref. CGL2016-80308-P). Alberto Molinero-García acknowledges the PhD funding (BES-2017-080078) provided by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”. This work is part of the Doctoral Dissertation of Alberto Molinero-García. We thank Dr. Mathieu Duval and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive criticism of the script and their valuable suggestions. We also acknowledge Tanya Shew for English proofreading. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA.The characterisation of quartz grains’ chemical and mineralogical properties in sediments and sedimentary rocks is widely used in provenance studies. This paper analyses quartz grains from the coarse sand fraction in soils in Quaternary fluvial terraces (Guadalquivir River, southern Spain). The tentative soil ages are 0.3 ka (Haplic Fluvisol), 7 ka (Haplic Calcisol), 70 ka (Cutanic Luvisol), 300 ka (Lixic Calcisol) and 600 ka (Cutanic Luvisol). The quartz grains analyses shed light on the sedimentological history of these terraces. Scanning electron microscope cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) characteristics, micro inclusion inventory established by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and trace element contents determined with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of quartz grains permitted distinguishing six types of grains in the soils studied: metamorphic quartz (type 1), undeformed granitic quartz (type 2), strongly altered granitic quartz (type 3), recrystallised (deformed) granitic quartz (type 4), sandstone-derived quartz (type 5) and hydrothermal quartz grains (type 6). Metamorphic quartz grains (type 1) come from the Sierra Morena (Iberian Massif) and Sierra Nevada (Internal Betic Zone). Granitic quartz grains (types 2 to 4) come from Los Pedroches batholith and its associated plutons (Santa Elena and Linares). The sandstone-derived quartz type 5 comes from the numerous sandstone outcrops scattered in the central catchment area of the Guadalquivir River. Finally, hydrothermal quartz grains (type 6) originate from hydrothermal veins associated with subvolcanic rocks of the Los Pedroches batholith. Variations were noted in the proportions of quartz types in soils of different ages, attributed to spatial and temporal changes in the catchment area. The most remarkable change occurred between 500 and 240 ka ago when the catchment area extended into Sierra Nevadás metamorphic rocks, well reflected in type 1 content (lower in P2, P4, P5 and PM) and their characteristics (quartz with less healed fractures, less Al content, bigger mica microinclusions, smaller Al/Ti ratio) in the post-500–240 ka soils. Our study shows that the combined study of SEM-CL characteristics, micro inclusions (SEM-EDX), and trace element contents (LA-ICP-MS) of quartz grains is an efficient approach for characterising the provenance of quartz grains in the sand fraction of soils.CBUAMCINMediterranean Soil Typologies versus Quartz BES-2017-080078Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of ManchesterUniversidad de GranadaMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de EspañaAgencia Estatal de Investigació

Focusing properties of fractal zone plates: experimental implementation with a liquid-crystal display

We report the first experimental results, to our knowledge, with fractal zone plates implemented in a liquid-crystal display. Our results largely agree with theory for the axial irradiance distribution of these lenses. The dependence of the shape and size of the focus points on critical design parameters is discussed. Additional unpredicted features are also described

A Light Calibration System for the ProtoDUNE-DP Detector

A LED-based fiber calibration system for the ProtoDUNE-Dual Phase (DP) photon detection system (PDS) has been designed and validated. ProtoDUNE-DP is a 6x6x6 m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber currently being installed at the Neutrino Platform at CERN. The PDS is based on 36 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and will allow triggering on cosmic rays. The system serves as prototype for the PDS of the final DUNE DP far detector in which the PDS also has the function to allow the 3D event reconstruction on non-beam physics. For this purpose an equalized PMT response is desirable to allow using the same threshold definition for all PMT groups, simplifying the determination of the trigger efficiency. The light calibration system described in this paper is developed to provide this and to monitor the PMT performance in-situ.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure