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The Effect Of The Emotive Decisions In Prospect Theory

The main purpose of this paper was to show that the certainty and reflection effects of prospect theory do not occur when stimuli have an affective value. To this end, 160 participants were asked to reply to a series of problems originally designed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), but modified according to the contributions of Rottenstreich and Hsee (2001). The sample was divided into four experimental conditions, two in a gain situation and two in a loss situation. In both cases, affect-rich and affect-poor stimuli were applied in sure and probable alternatives. The findings showed that, in agreement with our hypotheses, the affective value of the stimuli altered the outcome predicted by prospect theory, showing response patterns contrary to certainty and reflection effects (p ≤ .01 and p ≤ .05 respectively). Therefore, this research supports the influence of the emotions in the decision-making process, and should be extended to other aspects of prospect theory

Understanding unethical behaviors at the university level: a multiple regression analysis

Unethical behaviors such as corruption pose an important challenge for students, professors, and other university members. We aimed to clarify students' willingness to engage in corruption in a Spanish public university. In all, 3,475 undergraduate, postgraduate, and PhD students completed an online questionnaire assessing four corruption scenarios: favoritism, bribery, fraud, and embezzlement. Multiple regression analysis suggested that justifiability, risk perception, and perceived corruption played a key role in explaining corrupt intention. Behavioral intention to engage in corruption is a complex phenomenon explained by not only peers' behaviors, but also individuals' justifications of their acts and risk perceptions

¿Decidimos racionalmente?

En este artículo se desarrollan algunos aspectos de la Teoría Prospectiva formulada por Kahneman y Tversky (1979). Desde que se planteara esta teoría sabemos que nuestras elecciones frecuentemente no coinciden con lo que predicen los modelos racionales. El hecho de que la situación esté descrita en forma de pérdidas o ganancias, o enmarcada de una manera particular, afecta de modo determinante nuestras decisiones

Geoenvironmental Characterization of Sulfide Mine Tailings

Spain has a long mining tradition dating from pre-historic times up to the present day. The cessation of mining activity has generated a large amount of mine wastes, most of which represent geochemical hazards. Mine tailings are watery sludge composed of medium-to-fine-grained material, resulting from grinding and mineral processing (e.g., galena, pyrite, sphalerite, and arsenopyrite). They entail both an accumulation and a potential subsequent emission source of trace elements (i.e. As, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) with formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Mineralogical and geochemical techniques (in combination with geophysical surveys and aerial photographs studies) have been jointly applied to selected mine areas. Seven mine deposits from the most important mine districts in Spain have been selected: Iberian Pyrite Belt, Cartagena-La Unión, Alcudia Valley, and Mazarrón. The main goal is focused on getting a geoenvironmental characterization as complete as possible by determining the geometry, evolution in time and composition of mine ponds, and the possible occurrence of AMD, for identifying related environmental hazards

Estrategias de integración comercial en el hemisferio: El ALCA y la ALADI como opciones de política para la Argentina

This paper analyses different alternatives of commercial integration for Argentina using a general equilibrium computable model. The results support the idea that the best policy option for Argentina is to deepen its commercial relations with the ALADI members. To foster freer trade with Mexico and the Andean Community countries appears as a priority for Argentina in the case that the United States negotiates bilateral free trade agreements with other Latin American countries. Finally, Argentina and Brazil have common interests regarding the options of integration in the hemisphere

Redes y conjuntos de acción : para aplicaciones estratégicas en los tiempos de la complejidad social

En este trabajo se propone una metodología participativa y reflexiva de desarrollo de mapas sociales. Se apuesta por incorporar en el sociograma, de modo flexible, el grado de afinidad de las relaciones junto a otros ejes sociales e ideológicos. Se presenta el concepto de conjuntos de acción, y se discuten las implicaciones de este enfoque, tanto en lo que hace referencia al muestreo como a aspectos teóricos más generales.In this paper we propose a participative and reflexive approach to social maps. Several social and ideological categories may be applied in the design of sociograms. The concept of "action set" is presented, as well as its consequences in theoretical terms and for sampling purposes

Shame in decision making under risk conditions: understanding the effect of transparency

The role played by the emotion of shame in the area of decision-making in situations of risk has hardly been studied. In this article, we show how the socio-moral emotions and the anticipated feeling of shame associated with different options can determine our decisions,even overriding the cognitive choice tendency proposed by the certainty effect. To do so, we carried out an experiment with university students as participants, dividing them into four experimental conditions. Our findings suggest that people avoid making unethical decisions, both when these decisions are made public to others and when they remain in the private sphere. This result seems to indicate that the main factor in not making unethical decisions is related to the need to avoid transgressing an internal moral standard of behavior, and that the role of transparency is less relevant than expected. However, we propose that, although the effect of transparency is limited in reducing unethical economic decisions, it should con- tinue to be taken into account in theoretical models that address the reasons people behave unethically