Vigilancia epidemiológica de legionelosis

Spain is among the countries with the highest incidence rates in the European Union and has seen the same increase in trends of legionelosis. This fact has been related to the increase in the use of a more sensitive diagnostic test. However, great differences have been observed in incidence rates and outbreaks reported by the Regions which could be explained by variations in the diagnostic effort. In spite of the existence of prevention and control rules, outbreaks still have occurred and some of them involved large number of cases. The source of infection identified most frequently is hot and cold water systems due to the large number of outbreaks related to tourist accommodation sites. The second most frequently identified source is cooling towers, which produce most of the cases.España está entre los países con tasas más altas de la Unión Europea y al igual que en otros países se ha producido un aumento de la incidencia de esta enfermedad relacionada con el uso de métodos diagnósticos más sensibles. Sin embargo la gran variación en la distribución geográfica de tasas y brotes notificados podría explicarse por un diferente esfuerzo diagnóstico por parte de las comunidades autónomas. A pesar de la existencia de normas y para la prevención de la enfermedad siguen produciéndose brotes, algunos de gran magnitud. La fuente de infección identificada con mayor frecuencia son los sistemas de agua sanitaria debido al elevado número de brotes que se asocian a las instalaciones hoteleras. Le siguen en frecuencia los brotes causados por dispositivos de refrigeración. Estos últimos son los que producen más casos

Brotes de legionelosis notificados a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Años 1999 a 2009

La legionelosis es una enfermedad de origen ambiental que se transmite al ser humano a través de aerosoles de agua contaminada con la bacteria Legionella pneumophila. Se presenta el análisis descriptivo de los resultados de la investigación de los brotes de legionelosis notificados a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) durante el periodo 1999 a 2009

Relationship between IGF-1 and body weight in inflammatory bowel diseases: Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn''s disease (CD), are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, what leads to diarrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss. Depression of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis (GH-IGF-1 axis) could be responsible of these symptoms. We demonstrate that long-term treatment (54 weeks) of adult CD patients with adalimumab (ADA) results in a decrease in serum IGF-1 without changes in serum IGF-1 binding protein (IGF1BP4). These results prompted us to conduct a preclinical study to test the efficiency of IGF-1 in the medication for experimental colitis. IGF-1 treatment of rats with DSS-induced colitis has a beneficial effect on the following circulating biochemical parameters: glucose, albumin, and total protein levels. In this experimental group we also observed healthy maintenance of colon size, body weight, and lean mass in comparison with the DSS-only group. Histological analysis revealed restoration of the mucosal barrier with the IGF-1 treatment, which was characterized by healthy quantities of mucin production, structural maintenance of adherers junctions (AJs), recuperation of E-cadherin and ß-catenin levels and decrease in infiltrating immune cells and in metalloproteinase-2 levels. The experimentally induced colitis caused activation of apoptosis markers, including cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8, and PARP and decreases cell-cycle checkpoint activators including phosphorylated Rb, cyclin E, and E2F1. The IGF-1 treatment inhibited cyclin E depletion and partially protects PARP levels. The beneficial effects of IGF-1 in experimental colitis could be explained by a re-sensitization of the IGF-1/IRS-1/AKT cascade to exogenous IGF-1. Given these results, we postulate that IGF-1 treatment of IBD patients could prove to be successful in reducing disease pathology. © 2021 The Author

Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations

Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a ~0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism that creates two highly differentiated haplotypes and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative including non-Caucasian individuals, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.S.E.H. and C.A.S. partially supported genotyping through a philanthropic donation. A.F. and D.E. were supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and COVID-19 grant Research (BMBF; ID:01KI20197); A.F., D.E. and F.D. were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence ‘Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation’ (EXC2167). D.E. was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the Computational Life Sciences funding concept (CompLS grant 031L0165). D.E., K.B. and S.B. acknowledge the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14CC0001 and NNF17OC0027594). T.L.L., A.T. and O.Ö. were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project numbers 279645989; 433116033; 437857095. M.W. and H.E. are supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Research Training Group 1743, ‘Genes, Environment and Inflammation’. L.V. received funding from: Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute (RF-2016-02364358), Italian Ministry of Health ‘CV PREVITAL’—strategie di prevenzione primaria cardiovascolare primaria nella popolazione italiana; The European Union (EU) Programme Horizon 2020 (under grant agreement No. 777377) for the project LITMUS- and for the project ‘REVEAL’; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda ‘Ricerca corrente’, Fondazione Sviluppo Ca’ Granda ‘Liver-BIBLE’ (PR-0391), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda ‘5permille’ ‘COVID-19 Biobank’ (RC100017A). A.B. was supported by a grant from Fondazione Cariplo to Fondazione Tettamanti: ‘Bio-banking of Covid-19 patient samples to support national and international research (Covid-Bank). This research was partly funded by an MIUR grant to the Department of Medical Sciences, under the program ‘Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022’. This study makes use of data generated by the GCAT-Genomes for Life. Cohort study of the Genomes of Catalonia, Fundació IGTP (The Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol) IGTP is part of the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. GCAT is supported by Acción de Dinamización del ISCIII-MINECO and the Ministry of Health of the Generalitat of Catalunya (ADE 10/00026); the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017-SGR 529). M.M. received research funding from grant PI19/00335 Acción Estratégica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National RDI Plan and financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)-Una manera de hacer Europa’). B.C. is supported by national grants PI18/01512. X.F. is supported by the VEIS project (001-P-001647) (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ‘A way to build Europe’). Additional data included in this study were obtained in part by the COVICAT Study Group (Cohort Covid de Catalunya) supported by IsGlobal and IGTP, European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT), a body of the European Union, COVID-19 Rapid Response activity 73A and SR20-01024 La Caixa Foundation. A.J. and S.M. were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers: PSE-010000-2006-6 and IPT-010000-2010-36). A.J. was also supported by national grant PI17/00019 from the Acción Estratégica en Salud (ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). The Basque Biobank, a hospital-related platform that also involves all Osakidetza health centres, the Basque government’s Department of Health and Onkologikoa, is operated by the Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF. M.C. received Grants BFU2016-77244-R and PID2019-107836RB-I00 funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, EU). M.R.G., J.A.H., R.G.D. and D.M.M. are supported by the ‘Spanish Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Competition, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (PI19/01404, PI16/01842, PI19/00589, PI17/00535 and GLD19/00100) and by the Andalussian government (Proyectos Estratégicos-Fondos Feder PE-0451-2018, COVID-Premed, COVID GWAs). The position held by Itziar de Rojas Salarich is funded by grant FI20/00215, PFIS Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud. Enrique Calderón’s team is supported by CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’. J.C.H. reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312780 during the conduct of the study. E.S. reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no. 312769. The BioMaterialBank Nord is supported by the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN). The BioMaterialBank Nord is member of popgen 2.0 network (P2N). P.K. Bergisch Gladbach, Germany and the Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. He is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). O.A.C. is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education and is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—CECAD, EXC 2030–390661388. The COMRI cohort is funded by Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. This work was supported by grants of the Rolf M. Schwiete Stiftung, the Saarland University, BMBF and The States of Saarland and Lower Saxony. K.U.L. is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, LU-1944/3-1). Genotyping for the BoSCO study is funded by the Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn. F.H. was supported by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Arts. Part of the genotyping was supported by a grant to A.R. from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant: 01ED1619A, European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) within the context of the EU Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND). Additional funding was derived from the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant: RA 1971/6-1 to A.R. P.R. is supported by the DFG (CCGA Sequencing Centre and DFG ExC2167 PMI and by SH state funds for COVID19 research). F.T. is supported by the Clinician Scientist Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence ‘Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation’ (EXC2167). C.L. and J.H. are supported by the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). T.B., M.M.B., O.W. und A.H. are supported by the Stiftung Universitätsmedizin Essen. M.A.-H. was supported by Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion program, grant IJC2018-035131-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. E.C.S. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHU 2419/2-1).Peer reviewe

Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations

Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended GWAS meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3,260 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12,483 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.31 to a highly pleiotropic ∼0.9-Mb inversion polymorphism and characterized the potential effects of the inversion in detail. Our data, together with the 5th release of summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, also identified a new locus at 19q13.33, including NAPSA, a gene which is expressed primarily in alveolar cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung.Andre Franke and David Ellinghaus were supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01KI20197), Andre Franke, David Ellinghaus and Frauke Degenhardt were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence “Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation” (EXC2167). David Ellinghaus was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the Computational Life Sciences funding concept (CompLS grant 031L0165). David Ellinghaus, Karina Banasik and Søren Brunak acknowledge the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant NNF14CC0001 and NNF17OC0027594). Tobias L. Lenz, Ana Teles and Onur Özer were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project numbers 279645989; 433116033; 437857095. Mareike Wendorff and Hesham ElAbd are supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Research Training Group 1743, "Genes, Environment and Inflammation". This project was supported by a Covid-19 grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; ID: 01KI20197). Luca Valenti received funding from: Ricerca Finalizzata Ministero della Salute RF2016-02364358, Italian Ministry of Health ""CV PREVITAL – strategie di prevenzione primaria cardiovascolare primaria nella popolazione italiana; The European Union (EU) Programme Horizon 2020 (under grant agreement No. 777377) for the project LITMUS- and for the project ""REVEAL""; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ""Ricerca corrente"", Fondazione Sviluppo Ca' Granda ""Liver-BIBLE"" (PR-0391), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ""5permille"" ""COVID-19 Biobank"" (RC100017A). Andrea Biondi was supported by the grant from Fondazione Cariplo to Fondazione Tettamanti: "Biobanking of Covid-19 patient samples to support national and international research (Covid-Bank). This research was partly funded by a MIUR grant to the Department of Medical Sciences, under the program "Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022". This study makes use of data generated by the GCAT-Genomes for Life. Cohort study of the Genomes of Catalonia, Fundació IGTP. IGTP is part of the CERCA Program / Generalitat de Catalunya. GCAT is supported by Acción de Dinamización del ISCIIIMINECO and the Ministry of Health of the Generalitat of Catalunya (ADE 10/00026); the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017-SGR 529). Marta Marquié received research funding from ant PI19/00335 Acción Estratégica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National RDI Plan and financed by ISCIIISubdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-Una manera de hacer Europa").Beatriz Cortes is supported by national grants PI18/01512. Xavier Farre is supported by VEIS project (001-P-001647) (cofunded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), “A way to build Europe”). Additional data included in this study was obtained in part by the COVICAT Study Group (Cohort Covid de Catalunya) supported by IsGlobal and IGTP, EIT COVID-19 Rapid Response activity 73A and SR20-01024 La Caixa Foundation. Antonio Julià and Sara Marsal were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers: PSE-010000-2006-6 and IPT-010000-2010-36). Antonio Julià was also supported the by national grant PI17/00019 from the Acción Estratégica en Salud (ISCIII) and the FEDER. The Basque Biobank is a hospitalrelated platform that also involves all Osakidetza health centres, the Basque government's Department of Health and Onkologikoa, is operated by the Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF. Mario Cáceres received Grants BFU2016-77244-R and PID2019-107836RB-I00 funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, EU). Manuel Romero Gómez, Javier Ampuero Herrojo, Rocío Gallego Durán and Douglas Maya Miles are supported by the “Spanish Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Competition, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (PI19/01404, PI16/01842, PI19/00589, PI17/00535 and GLD19/00100), and by the Andalussian government (Proyectos Estratégicos-Fondos Feder PE-0451-2018, COVID-Premed, COVID GWAs). The position held by Itziar de Rojas Salarich is funded by grant FI20/00215, PFIS Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud. Enrique Calderón's team is supported by CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III". Jan Cato Holter reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312780 during the conduct of the study. Dr. Solligård: reports grants from Research Council of Norway grant no 312769. The BioMaterialBank Nord is supported by the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN). The BioMaterialBank Nord is member of popgen 2.0 network (P2N). Philipp Koehler has received non-financial scientific grants from Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, and the Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. He is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).Oliver A. Cornely is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education and is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – CECAD, EXC 2030 – 390661388. The COMRI cohort is funded by Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Genotyping was performed by the Genotyping laboratory of Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM Technology Centre, University of Helsinki. This work was supported by grants of the Rolf M. Schwiete Stiftung, the Saarland University, BMBF and The States of Saarland and Lower Saxony. Kerstin U. Ludwig is supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, LU-1944/3-1). Genotyping for the BoSCO study is funded by the Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn. Frank Hanses was supported by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Arts. Part of the genotyping was supported by a grant to Alfredo Ramirez from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant: 01ED1619A, European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) within the context of the EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND). Additional funding was derived from the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant: RA 1971/6-1 to Alfredo Ramirez. Philip Rosenstiel is supported by the DFG (CCGA Sequencing Centre and DFG ExC2167 PMI and by SH state funds for COVID19 research). Florian Tran is supported by the Clinician Scientist Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Cluster of Excellence “Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation” (EXC2167). Christoph Lange and Jan Heyckendorf are supported by the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF). Thorsen Brenner, Marc M Berger, Oliver Witzke und Anke Hinney are supported by the Stiftung Universitätsmedizin Essen. Marialbert Acosta-Herrera was supported by Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion program, grant IJC2018-035131-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Eva C Schulte is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHU 2419/2-1).N

Epidemiological surveillance of legionellosis Vigilancia epidemiológica de legionelosis

Spain is among the countries with the highest incidence rates in the European Union and has seen the same increase in trends of legionelosis. This fact has been related to the increase in the use of a more sensitive diagnostic test. However, great differences have been observed in incidence rates and outbreaks reported by the Regions which could be explained by variations in the diagnostic effort. In spite of the existence of prevention and control rules, outbreaks still have occurred and some of them involved large number of cases. The source of infection identified most frequently is hot and cold water systems due to the large number of outbreaks related to tourist accommodation sites. The second most frequently identified source is cooling towers, which produce most of the cases.<br>España está entre los países con tasas más altas de la Unión Europea y al igual que en otros países se ha producido un aumento de la incidencia de esta enfermedad relacionada con el uso de métodos diagnósticos más sensibles. Sin embargo la gran variación en la distribución geográfica de tasas y brotes notificados podría explicarse por un diferente esfuerzo diagnóstico por parte de las comunidades autónomas. A pesar de la existencia de normas y para la prevención de la enfermedad siguen produciéndose brotes, algunos de gran magnitud. La fuente de infección identificada con mayor frecuencia son los sistemas de agua sanitaria debido al elevado número de brotes que se asocian a las instalaciones hoteleras. Le siguen en frecuencia los brotes causados por dispositivos de refrigeración. Estos últimos son los que producen más casos

Vigilancia epidemiológica de la legionelosis en España, años 2019 y 2020. Informe de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica

[ES] Legionelosis es una enfermedad de origen ambiental que se transmite al ser humano a través de aerosoles de agua contaminada con la bacteria Legionella pneumophila. La relevancia de esta enfermedad, desde el punto de vista de la salud pública, viene dada por su frecuente presentación en forma de brotes. En 2019 se notificaron 1.579 casos y 1.543 fueron autóctonos (TI=3,28 por 100.000 habitantes). La vigilancia de casos asociados a viajes del ECDC (ELDSNet), notificó 97 casos en viajeros de otros países. En 2020 se notificaron 1.365 casos y 1.354 fueron autóctonos (TI=2,86). Ese año los casos asociados a viajar a España fueron 22. La incidencia en 2020 fue un 13% menor que la registrada en 2019. Este descenso se produjo después de tres años de un aumento mantenido. El descenso se observó, tanto en los casos con antecedente de viaje como en los que no lo tuvieron y se relacionó con los cambios en la movilidad y en los debidos al propio sistema de vigilancia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El patrón de presentación de la enfermedad no varió con respecto a años anteriores, el 70% de los casos se dieron en hombres y la incidencia aumentó con la edad en ambos sexos. La letalidad se estimó en el 5,5% para ambos años. Se notificaron 58 brotes (246 casos y 13 defunciones). En el 52% de los brotes sólo se registraron 2 casos. [EN] Legionellosis is a disease of environmental origin that is transmitted to humans through aerosols of water contaminated with the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The relevance of this disease, from the point of view of public health, is given by its frequent presentation as outbreaks. In 2019, 1579 cases were reported and 1543 were autochthonous (TI=3.28 per 100,000 inhabitants). The surveillance of cases associated to travel (ELDSNet) reported 97 cases in foreign travellers who visited Spain. In 2020, 1365 cases were reported and 1354 were autochthonous (TI=2.86). That year the cases associated to travel to Spain were 22. The incidence in 2020 was 13% lower than in 2019. This decrease occurred after three years of a sustained increase. The decrease was observed, both in cases with a travel history and in those that did not and was related to changes in mobility and those which affected the surveillance system itself during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pattern of presentation of the disease did not vary with respect to previous years, 70% of the cases occurred in men and the incidence increased with age in both sexes. The case fatality ratio was estimated at 5.5% for both years. 58 outbreaks (246 cases and 13 deaths) were reported. Only 2 cases occurred in the 52% of outbreaks

Estudio epidemiológico de la legionelosis en España. Año 2022

Introduction: Legionellosis is a disease of environmental origin transmitted by aerosols of water contaminated with L. pneumophila. Legislation for the control of risk facilities and surveillance to early detection of outbreaks are key in their control. We carried out and display the analysis of legionellosis cases notified to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE). Method: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of legionellosis cases notified in 2022 in Spain. Information from the European network for surveillance of cases associated with travel are also analysed. Results: 1,992 cases were reported, of which 1,959 were autochthonous (TN=4.11). There was a 43.1% increase over the cases in 2021. 1,360 cases were reported in men (TN=5.83, median age 65) and 592 in women (TN=2.44, median age 70) and in seven cases this information was unknown. The highest rates occurred in the age groups 45-64 and 65-84, both for men and women. The case fatality ratio (CFR) was 6.2% (122/1,959) and increased with age. Was 5.6% (76/1,360) in men and 7.8 in women (46/592). Conclusions: The trend in the number of cases of the disease is increasing. The disease affected more men than women, the elderly and those with risk factors such as smoking or immunosuppression. In addition, for men, the incidence was high in the active stage of life, probably related to some professions or jobs.Introducción: Legionelosis es una enfermedad de origen ambiental transmitida por aerosoles de agua contaminada con L. pneumophila. El reservorio está en el medio ambiente. La legislación para el control de las instalaciones de riesgo y la vigilancia de casos para identificar brotes de forma temprana son la clave para su control. Se presenta el análisis de la información de la vigilancia epidemiológica de legionelosis en 2022. Método: Análisis descriptivo de los datos de vigilancia en 2022 en España. Se analiza también la información de la red europea de vigilancia de casos asociados a viajar. Resultados: Se notificaron 1.992 casos, de los que 1.959 fueron autóctonos y la tasa de notificación por 100.000 habitantes (TN) fue de 4,11. Se produjo un aumento del 43,1% sobre los casos de 2021. Se notificaron 1.360 casos en hombres (TN=5,83, edad mediana de 65 años) y 592 en mujeres (TN=2,44, edad mediana de 70 años) y siete casos sin esta información. Las tasas más elevadas se dieron en 45-64 y 65-84 años, tanto para hombres como para mujeres. La letalidad aumentó con la edad. La letalidad global fue del 6,2% (122/1.959), en hombres fue 5,6% (76/1.360) y 7,8% en mujeres (46/592). Se notificaron 34 brotes (112 casos y 2 defunciones). Se notificaron 65 casos en viajeros de otros países. Conclusiones: La tendencia de la enfermedad es creciente. La enfermedad afectó más a hombres que a mujeres, a personas de edad avanzada y con factores de riesgo como hábito tabáquico o inmunosupresión. Además, para los hombres, la incidencia fue alta en la etapa activa de la vida, en relación con el desempeño de algunas profesiones o trabajos

Resultados de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles notificadas a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) en 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es resumir los principales hallazgos de las enfermedades transmisibles sometidas a vigilancia notificadas en el año 2021.&nbsp; La presentación de resultados se ha hecho de acuerdo a los grupos siguientes:&nbsp; Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos y agua. Enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. Enfermedades de transmisión respiratoria. Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores. Zoonosis. Enfermedades de transmisión sexual y parenteral. Encefalopatías espongiformes de transmisión humana

Resultados de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles notificadas a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) en 2022

Nota editorialLa Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) tiene entre sus funciones la recogida sistemática de la información epidemiológica, su análisis e interpretación y la difusión de los resultados. Se presentan los resultados de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles para el año 2022 realizada por los servicios de vigilancia de las comunidades y ciudades autonómicas (CCAA). El Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias (CCAES) del Ministerio de Sanidad coordina a las CCAA para llevar a cabo esta actividad y la gestión de la información la realiza el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III de acuerdo a los protocolos de la RENAVEN