El sexismo publicitario: delimitación de conceptos e indicadores de género. Estudio empírico de la producción científica

In developed societies gender inequality stands as a matter of social and scientific concern, well, these differences have been the subject of various studies. In this sense, feminist research has been concerned about the mass media, and within these by advertising, as they consider them as important agents of socialization them to influence the population. Therefore, in order to observe the main features and the definition specific of advertising sexism in the academic literature, is carried out a systematic review of research related to advertising and gender. The results of this study show that there is ambiguity in the concepts and terminology used by the scientific production for define sexism advertising.En las sociedades desarrolladas, la desigualdad de género se erige como un tema de preocupación social y científica, de modo que estas diferencias han sido el objeto de diversos estudios. En este sentido, las investigaciones feministas se han preocupado por los medios de comunicación (considerados como importantes agentes de socialización capaces de influir en la población) y, dentro de éstos, por la publicidad. Con el objetivo de observar las características principales y la forma concreta de definir el sexismo publicitario en la literatura académica, en este trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones relacionadas con la publicidad y el género. Los resultados del estudio muestran que existe ambigüedad terminológica en los conceptos y delimitaciones utilizados por la comunidad científica

Adjoints of composition operators with rational symbol

Building on techniques developed by Cowen and Gallardo-Guti\'{e}rrez, we find a concrete formula for the adjoint of a composition operator with rational symbol acting on the Hardy space $H^{2}$. We consider some specific examples, comparing our formula with several results that were previously known.Comment: 14 page

Soluciones irrigadoras empleadas en el tratamiento endodóntico

La irrigación de los conductos radiculares forma parte del tratamiento endodóntico, incluyéndose dentro de la fase de instrumentación ya que los instrumentos empleados no pueden acceder a las múltiples irregularidades de la anatomía radicular. La limpieza y desinfección de todo el sistema de conductos radiculares es una garantía para que el tratamiento endodóntico sea exitoso. En este trabajo se exponen las diferentes soluciones irrigadoras existentes, sus propiedades, así como eficacia en el tratamiento.Irrigation of root canals is part of endodontic treatment, including in the implementation phase as the instruments used can’t access the many irregularities of the root anatomy. Cleaning and disinfection of the entire root canal system is a guarantee for the endodontic treatment is successful. In this paper the different irrigating solutions exist, their properties and effectiveness in treating exposed.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Odontologí

Occupational Stress in Spanish Police Officers: Validating the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire

The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (hereinafter, ERIQ) has been largely used worldwide to assess job stress, but it has not yet been applied in Spanish police. The objective of this study was to examine the construct validity and the internal consistency of the ERIQ in police officers. A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a nonprobability sampling (quota). A total of 217 Spanish police officers participated, 192 men (88.47%) and 25 women (11.53%). The mean age was 41 years (SD = 7.51). These police officers completed the ERIQ together with some other questionnaires (DECORE-21, MBI, GHQ and STAI) in order to provide evidence for validity based on the relationships to other constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and a matrix of correlations with the rest of constructs was created. The results showed an appropriate fit to the original model consisting of three scales. In addition, the scales of the ERIQ presented the expected relationship with the other constructs. The ERIQ is a valid instrument for assessing occupational stress in Spanish police officers and can improve the interventions in this professional group.Depto. de Psicología Social, del Trabajo y DiferencialFac. de PsicologíaTRUEpu

Comportamiento de cristalización y fusión en compuestos de polipropileno y derivados de madera

[Resumen] Se ha analizado el comportamiento de cristalización bajo condiciones dinámicas e isotermas, y de fusión, del polipropileno isotáctico, iPP, como matriz semicristalina en compuestos binarios con polvo de madera, WF, a composiciones del 20% en peso de refuerzo vegetal, iPP/WF 80/20, y ternarios, iPP/WF/I, mediante la incorporación de un agente de interfase basado en un copolímero de etileno/ácido metacrílico, preparados mediante mezclado en fundido en extrusora de doble husillo. Tanto en el compuesto binario como en los compatibilizados o ternarios, el iPP presenta el polimorfo cristalino monoclínico α, independientemente de si la cristalización se realiza en condiciones dinámicas desde el fundido a velocidades de enfriamiento entre 1 y 20 grado.min-1, o en condiciones isotermas. La presencia del componente vegetal induce un ligero efecto nucleante sobre la cristalización isoterma del iPP, que se manifiesta en una disminución de las energías libres interfaciales basales y de la energía libre de nucleación y, por lo tanto, en un aumento de la velocidad global de cristalización. Por el contrario, la incorporación del agente de interfase, genera un fenómeno de compatibilización que se traduce en una disminución de la temperatura de cristalización del iPP, en un aumento de las energías libres interfaciales basales respecto del compuesto binario y, por lo tanto, en una reducción de la velocidad global de cristalización. Tanto en el caso del compuesto binario como en los ternarios, el comportamiento de fusión del iPP es función del subenfriamiento del sistema y no se ve prácticamente alterado por la presencia de la carga vegetal y del agente de interfase

Against the Tide. A Critical Review by Scientists of How Physics and Astronomy Get Done

Nobody should have a monopoly of the truth in this universe. The censorship and suppression of challenging ideas against the tide of mainstream research, the blacklisting of scientists, for instance, is neither the best way to do and filter science, nor to promote progress in the human knowledge. The removal of good and novel ideas from the scientific stage is very detrimental to the pursuit of the truth. There are instances in which a mere unqualified belief can occasionally be converted into a generally accepted scientific theory through the screening action of refereed literature and meetings planned by the scientific organizing committees and through the distribution of funds controlled by "club opinions". It leads to unitary paradigms and unitary thinking not necessarily associated to the unique truth. This is the topic of this book: to critically analyze the problems of the official (and sometimes illicit) mechanisms under which current science (physics and astronomy in particular) is being administered and filtered today, along with the onerous consequences these mechanisms have on all of us.\ud \ud The authors, all of them professional researchers, reveal a pessimistic view of the miseries of the actual system, while a glimmer of hope remains in the "leitmotiv" claim towards the freedom in doing research and attaining an acceptable level of ethics in science

A dislocation dynamics study of the strength of stacking fault tetrahedra. Part I: interactions with screw dislocations

We present a comprehensive dislocation dynamics (DD) study of the strength of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) to screw dislocation glide in fcc Cu. Our methodology explicitly accounts for partial dislocation reactions in fcc crystals, which allows us to provide more detailed insights into the dislocation– SFT processes than previous DD studies. The resistance due to stacking fault surfaces to dislocation cutting has been computed using atomistic simulations and added in the form of a point stress to our DD methodology. We obtain a value of 1658.9 MPa, which translates into an extra force resolved on the glide plane that dislocations must overcome before they can penetrate SFTs. In fact, we see they do not, leading to two well differentiated regimes: (i) partial dislocation reactions, resulting in partial SFT damage, and (ii) impenetrable SFT resulting in the creation of Orowan loops. We obtain SFT strength maps as a function of dislocation glide plane-SFT intersection height, interaction orientation, and dislocation line length. In general SFTs are weaker obstacles the smaller the encountered triangular area is, which has allowed us to derive simple scaling laws with the slipped area as the only variable. These laws suffice to explain all strength curves and are used to derive a simple model of dislocation–SFT strength. The stresses required to break through obstacles in the 2.5–4.8-nm size range have been computed to be 100–300 MPa, in good agreement with some experimental estimations and molecular dynamics calculations

Atomistically informed dislocation dynamics in fcc crystals

We develop a nodal dislocation dynamics (DD) model to simulate plastic processes in fcc crystals. The model explicitly accounts for all slip systems and Burgers vectors observed in fcc systems, including stacking faults and partial dislocations. We derive simple conservation rules that describe all partial dislocation interactions rigorously and allow us to model and quantify cross-slip processes, the structure and strength of dislocation junctions, and the formation of fcc-specific structures such as stacking fault tetrahedra. The DD framework is built upon isotropic non-singular linear elasticity and supports itself on information transmitted from the atomistic scale. In this fashion, connection between the meso and micro scales is attained self-consistently, with all material parameters fitted to atomistic data. We perform a series of targeted simulations to demonstrate the capabilities of the model, including dislocation reactions and dissociations and dislocation junction strength. Additionally we map the four-dimensional stress space relevant for cross-slip and relate our findings to the plastic behavior of monocrystalline fcc metal

Planificación de la Comunicación del Programa Núcleos de Acceso al Conocimiento (NAC) de Argentina Conectada

La presente tesis es de producción y consiste en una Planificación Comunicacional que contiene pautas de comunicación para la aplicación del Programa NAC en el marco de Argentina Conectada. Además, se elaborará uno de los productos propuestos en la Planificación: el Manual para los Coordinadores de los NAC. Ambos productos se adjuntan a este cuerpo de tesis. Es necesario aclarar que si bien se procedió a realizar una investigación del Programa NAC, al ser una tesis de producción, no se abundará en detalles que se desvíen del objetivo propuesto. Para tener un conocimiento general del Programa NAC, es importante la lectura del capítulo seis, correspondiente al Acercamiento Inicial, en el cual realizamos el mapa de actores que integran el programa y un resumen del mismo mediante los ejes indagatorios desde los cuales partimos para investigar.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia