2,315 research outputs found
Determinants of tourism destination competitiveness in the countries most visited by international tourists: Proposal of a synthetic index
Tourism destination competitiveness is a multidimensional concept that is widely studied in the academic literature, but multiple factors make its measurement a difficult task. In this article, we design a synthetic index to rank the 80 countries that attract the majority of international tourists by level of tourism competitiveness. In order to do this, we use all of the simple variables included in the 2017 Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index, proposing a new methodology for the construction of this synthetic index, which it solves the problems of aggregation of variables expressed in different measures, arbitrary weighting and duplicity of information; issues that remain unresolved by the TTCI. Likewise, we analyse the most influential dimensions in tourism competitiveness. Air transport infrastructures, cultural resources and ICT readiness are the key dimensions that explain the main disparities.Funding Agency
Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness
State Research Agency (SRA)
European Union (EU)
ECO2017-86822-Rinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comprehensive evaluation of the tourism seasonality using a synthetic DP2 indicator
Tourism plays an important role in the economic development of several regions over the world. Imbalances in the activity levels throughout the year will condition the positive effects generated by the sector given that work stability and economic flows are dependent upon it. The measurement of seasonality based on indicators that are built using individual variables offers only a partial picture of the situation, or even contradictory results subject to which data were taken as a reference. This paper proposes a new system to measure seasonality. It is based on a DP2 synthetic indicator that includes both, supply and demand variables and is able to determine comprehensively how intense seasonality is. This method, which is replicable in any region, has been applied to the regions of Spain. It has been determined that the areas with a better annual stability are Madrid and the Canary Islands. This indicator also allows us to analyze the amount of information provided by each variable when constructing the indicator, as well as identifying the most relevant variables when explaining regional disparities.This research has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, the State Research Agency (SRA) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (project reference ECO2017-86822-R)
Effects of Vacation RentalWebsites on the Concentration of Tourists—Potential Environmental Impacts. An Application to the Balearic Islands in Spain
The concentration of tourists at certain times of the year can damage sensitive environments.
The use of peer-to-peer vacation rental websites has increased greatly during the last decade.
This system could either reduce seasonality in touristic destinations where the tourist activity takes
place throughout the year at a lower price or on the contrary, it could increase the number of visitors
at certain times of the year even more. This paper intends to analyze the effect that these platforms
have on tourism seasonality in order to calculate if they help reduce or increase the pressure on the
destinations. To do so, the Gini Index has been applied to one of the main touristic spots in Europe,
the Balearic Islands in Spain. The conclusion is that this type of accommodation has aggravated the
problem, generating a greater concentration of tourists and a higher pressure on the resources of
the islands.The authors would like to thank the financial support provided by the Government of
Spain (ECO2013-44879-R) and the Regional Government of AndalucÃa (SEJ-393)
La financiacion publico-privada (PPP-PPI) como alternativa a la rehabilitacion del patrimonio del estado
En la actualidad, la administración española tiene pocos recursos económicos disponibles para la rehabilitación del patrimonio, para lo cual necesitarÃan una financiación externa, realizada por fondos privados. La Dirección Integrada de Proyecto (“Project Management“) aplicada al proceso constructivo es una Técnica Metodológica que ayuda a organizar, controlar y gestionar los recursos de los promotores dentro del proceso edificatorio. Cuando los recursos están limitados (que normalmente es la mayorÃa de las situaciones) gestionarlos de una manera eficiente se convierte en algo muy importante. La financiación público-privada es una forma de no consolidar la deuda dentro del balance de la Administración Pública, según los criterios del SEC-95 EUROSTAT que, transfiriendo dos riesgos de los tres citados a continuación al sector privado puede ser que no se consolide la deuda dentro del balance de la Administración.
Los riesgos fundamentales son:
- Riesgo de construcción
- Riesgo de disponibilidad
- Riesgo de demand
Health and safety in the construction : subject pending to be included in the curriculum of architecture in Spain
The art of construction is a risky activity that directly affects the life and physical integrity of persons. Since the approval of Law 31/1995, of November 8, Prevention of Occupational Risks was the first legislation that established the current basis in all sectors and then transposed into Spanish law Directive 92/57/CEE called Royal Decree 1627/1997 of October 24, on minimum safety and health dispositions in construction works, measures have been proposed to develop a mixed body of scientific literature composed of researchers and professionals in the field of occupational safety and health, but even today there is still no clear and firm proposal, showing a lack of awareness in the occupational risk prevention and, therefore, a consolidation of the culture of prevention in society. Therefore, the technicians, who make up the building process, can incur in very high responsibilities, such as: Author of the project, Coordinator of Safety and Health during the preparation of the project and during the execution of works, Site Management: Site Manager. This involves the immediate creation of a general training in prevention for all architects starting when still studying, as well as specific training, appropriate and complementary to all the architects that will be devoted to the specialty of occupational safety and health in construction works. That is, first, we must make the responsible bodies aware of the urgent need to integrate risk prevention in the curricula of architecture and later in the continuing education of the profession. It is necessary that our teaching must conform to the laws on safety and health, due to the fact that the law recognizes our academic degrees and professional qualifications to perform functions in that are
Measurement of disparities between indicators associated with the welfare in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) of Asia
Medir los factores que inciden en el bienestar social de los paÃses es una
tarea compleja, especialmente cuando se trata de paÃses pocos desarrollados.
A pesar de todo, se han producido avances relevantes, aunque sigue siendo
un camino por el que hay que seguir buscando procedimientos que lo
enriquezcan.
En este artÃculo, se propone una medición de las disparidades entre
indicadores de bienestar social aplicados a un grupo de paÃses muy
afectados por la pobreza, los paÃses menos adelantados (PMA), que según
la terminologÃa de la Conferencia de Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y el
Desarrollo (UNCTAD) son los más pobres entre los pobres. En nuestro análisis
nos referiremos a los del continente asiático.
La novedad de este trabajo es que el Ãndice propuesto se ha construido
atendiendo a un número de variables más amplia que los Ãndices de bienestar
más utilizados y a los criterios definidos en los Objetivos de desarrollo de la
Declaración del Milenio, entre los que existe un consenso general que son los
que determinan los niveles de subdesarrollo de los paÃses.
Como técnica aplicada a los datos proporcionados por Naciones Unidas
y recogidos en el Informe Anual de los PMA, se ha empleado el método de
distancia P2 para el año 2007, el último para el que disponÃamos de datos
definitivos. Este Ãndice integra variables socioeconómicas, que permiten una
ordenación territorial de los PMA de Asia, en función de esos indicadores
parciales.___________________________________________Measuring factors that affect countries’ social welfare is a complex task,
especially in the case of the Least Developed Countries. Despite this difficulty,
important advances have been made, though many more remain to be made
in the search for procedures that will enrich these analyses.
In this article we present a new proposal for the measurement of disparities
between indicators of social welfare, applied to a group of countries especially
affected by poverty: the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) which in the
terminology of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) are the poorest of the poor. In our analysis we will refer to the Asian
continent.
Our index is novel in that it has been constructed taking into account a
larger number of variables than the welfare indices most usually used, and the
criteria defined in the Goals of the Millennium Declaration, which are generally
considered to determine countries’ levels of underdevelopment .
As technique applied to the data, provided by the UN and listed in the
Annual Report of the LDCs for 2007, the latest year for which definitive data
were available, we have used the P2 distance method. This index integrates
socio-economic variables that permit a ranking of the LDCs of Asia, in terms of
those partial indicators
Validación de la versión española del Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial (BEAQ) en población clÃnica
The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) has been suggested as the most appropriate instrument for measuring experiential avoidance. However, no Spanish validation has been published. The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the BEAQ in a clinical sample treated at a community mental health unit. Methods: Participants (N = 332) completed the BEAQ as well as other self-report measures of experiential avoidance and psychopathology. Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = .82). No statistically significant gender differences were found in the BEAQ scores. The data also showed high test-retest reliability after four to six weeks, acceptable concurrent validity with another experiential avoidance measure and acceptable convergent validity with the psychopathology measure. The principal component analysis, forcing the one factor solution proposed in the original scale, produced indicators similar to the English version of the BEAQ. Conclusions: These results firmly support the reliability and validity of this Spanish validation, stressing its usefulness as a measure of experiential avoidance in clinical populations.Antecedentes: el
Cuestionario Breve de Evitación Experiencial (BEAQ) ha sido propuesto
como el instrumento más adecuado para medir la evitación experiencial.
Sin embargo, todavÃa no ha sido publicada ninguna validación en español.
Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio ha sido la validación de
una versión española del BEAQ, en una muestra clÃnica atendida en un
Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario. Método: los participantes (N =
332) completaron el BEAQ, asà como otras medidas de autoinforme de
evitación experiencial y psicopatologÃa. Resultados: la consistencia
interna fue satisfactoria (α = .82). No se encontraron diferencias de
género estadÃsticamente significativas en las puntuaciones del BEAQ.
Los datos también mostraron una alta fiabilidad test-retest en un intervalo
de cuatro a seis semanas, validez concurrente aceptable con otra medida
de evitación experiencial y validez convergente aceptable con la medida
de psicopatologÃa. El análisis de componentes principales forzando a
la solución de un factor, como se propuso en la escala original, obtuvo
unos indicadores similares a los obtenidos en dicha versión inglesa.
Conclusiones: los resultados confirman la adecuada fiabilidad y validez de la presente versión española del BEAQ, destacando su utilidad como
medida de la evitación experiencial en población clÃnica
ASSESSING MDG 6 IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS USING A SYNTHETIC INDICATOR
Sub-Saharan Africa has the most serious HIV and AIDS epidemic in the world. As a result, the epidemic has devastating, widespread social and economic consequences, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children under the age of five and pregnant women. Given this situation, it is important to analyse which countries have been able to improve in progress toward fulfilling Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6: Combat HIV, AIDS and malaria in recent years. We analyse and quantify progress towards MDG 6 by comparing a large number of the variables defined in the UN Millennium Declaration in sub-Saharan African countries up to 2013. To construct the synthetic indicator from a multidimensional approach, we used the P2 distance method
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