α-Substituted Benzylic Complexes of Palladium(II) as Precursors of Palladium Hydrides

The adoption of a pseudoallylic (η3) form makes palladium benzylic derivatives a class of stabilized palladium alkyls that can undergo β-H elimination reactions in a more controlled way. α- (Pentafluorophenylmethyl)benzyl palladium complexes have been studied and they decompose by β-H elimination to give palladium hydrides that, depending on the auxil- iary ligands can: a) transmetalate to another palladium atom and, by reductive elimina- tion, give hydrogenated products; this process is favored for a combination of bridging ligands (i.e halogens) and low coordinating ligands. b) Be used as a hydride source and get trapped by a diene to give palladium allylic derivatives. The presence of carbon mon- oxide does not induce a β-H elimination reactions and only CO insertion into the Pd- benzyl bond to give acyl derivatives is observed.MINECO (SGPI, grant CTQ2016-80913-P

Benzylic Complexes of Palladium(II): Bonding modes and Penta- coordination for Steric Relief

A large variety of α-(pentafluorophenylmethyl)benzylic palladium complexes with different ligands have been synthesized and char- acterized. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopic data allow to determine the σ-or η3-benzylic nature of the complexes in solution. The adoption of either coordination mode is a function of the number of ligands coordinated to palladium and, remarkably, the presence of bulky phosphines favors the adoption of a bidentate η3-benzylic mode and palladium pentacoordinated complexes. Experimental data and DFT calculations indicate that this five- coordination could alleviate the steric hindrance of two cis bulky phosphines. The benzylic complexes show a rich fluxional behavior that involves both ligand exchange and σ- to η3-benzylic interconversion.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SGPI, grant CTQ2016-80913-P

La cuota de mercado como indicador de competitividad en los destinos turísticos: sentido y limitaciones

The market share is the most widely used indicator in the analysis of competitiveness in trade of goods and services. However, their use in tourism is subject to a widespread controversy, especially in those cases where goes together to the territorial analysis. This is because the goals of maximization of this variable by policy-makers, can lead to growth policies that jeopardize the economic and environmental sustainability of a resource-limited destinations. This paper discusses the use, validity and limitations of the market share as an indicator of competitiveness in tourism.La cuota de mercado es el indicador más difundido en el análisis de la competitividad empresarial para todo tipo de bienes y servicios. Sin embargo, su uso en turismo está sometido a una amplia controversia, especialmente cuando el objeto de estudio es la competitividad de los destinos turísticos. Ello es debido a que objetivos de maximización de esta variable en la planificación, pueden conllevar la implementación de políticas de crecimiento comprometedoras de la sostenibilidad económica y ambiental de los citados destinos. Teniendo en cuenta estas consideraciones, en el presente trabajo se discute el uso, validez y limitaciones de la cuota de mercado como indicador de la competitividad de los destinos turísticos

Transient Mesenteric Ischemia Leads to Remodeling of Rat Mesenteric Resistance Arteries

Mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We studied the effect of mesenteric I/R on structural and mechanical properties of rat mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) that, once disrupted, might impact the outcome of this devastating clinical condition. Superior mesenteric artery from Wistar–Kyoto rats was occluded (90 min) and reperfused (24 h). The effect of tezosentan, a dual endothelin (ET)-receptor antagonist, was studied in ischemic (IO) and sham-operated (SO) animals. MRA structure and mechanics were assessed by pressure myography. Nuclei distribution, elastin content and organization, collagen I/III and ET-1 expression, ET-1 plasma levels, superoxide anion (O2⋅−) production, and mRNA levels of NAD(P)H-oxidase subunits were measured. To assess ET-1 effects on O2⋅− production, MRA from non-operated rats were incubated in culture medium with ET-1. Mesenteric I/R increased MRA wall thickness (P < 0.05) and cross-sectional area (P < 0.05) but decreased wall stiffness (P < 0.05). Arterial remodeling was paralleled by enhancement of: (i) collagen I/III expression (P < 0.01), ET-1 expression (P < 0.05), and O2⋅− formation (P < 0.01) in the vessel wall; (ii) number of internal elastic lamina (IEL) fenestrae (P < 0.05); and (iii) plasma levels of ET-1 (P < 0.05). Moreover, ET-1 increased O2⋅− (P < 0.05) production in cultured MRA. Tezosentan prevented hypertrophic remodeling and collagen I/III deposition, and enhanced O2⋅− production, but it did not affect the decreased wall stiffness after mesenteric I/R. These results indicate that 90 min occlusion/24 h reperfusion induces hypertrophic remodeling of MRA linked to ET-1-mediated increase of collagen and O2⋅−. Decreased stiffness may be associated with increased number of IEL fenestrae. The resulting MRA remodeling, initially adaptive, might become maladaptive contributing to the pathology and poor outcome of mesenteric I/R, and might be a valuable treatment target for mesenteric I/R

Utilización de materiales didácticos para fomentar valores educativos en baloncesto de formación

Con la intención de promover la enseñanza y aprendizaje del baloncesto desde una perspectiva educativa en las etapas de formación, las Escuelas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid, a través del proyecto de investigación denominado “Por una Educación REAL: Valores y Deporte”, ha elaborado una serie de materiales didácticos que permitan ayudar a los entrenadores y jugadores a desarrollar la práctica del baloncesto en el mejor contexto educativo. Dichos materiales ofrecen a los entrenadores la posibilidad de mejorar su calidad como docentes, tanto en los entrenamientos como la competición, incluyendo los valores educativos en la práctica diaria, haciendo también partícipes a los jugadores y sus familias. El objetivo principal de este estudio, después de varias temporadas de desarrollo del proyecto, ha sido analizar el uso que los entrenadores hacen de los diferentes materiales didácticos

High fibre tiger nut pasta and xanthan gum: cooking quality, microstructure, physico-chemical properties and consumer acceptance

[EN] The feasibility of replacing wheat semolina by tiger nut flour (20 and 40%) and xanthan gum (1%) in order to obtain high fibre dry pappardelle with fair techno-functional, structural and sensory attributes, was assessed. The cooking properties, texture, colour and sensory acceptance of uncooked and cooked pasta were evaluated. The proximate chemical composition of the raw materials, and the microstructure of the dry pasta were also assessed. The results in this manuscript address the improved nutritional value in terms of its dietary fibre, mineral content, oleic and linoleic acids, and the positive effects on the textural characteristics and cooking behaviour achieved on dry tiger nut based pappardelle using 1% of xanthan gum as a structural agent. Micrographs revealed in fact that the gluten network was better formed when xanthan gum was used. Furthermore, the obtained results seem to support that consumers would prefer pappardelle with 40% tiger nut flour.This work was supported by the Conselleria de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia (Spain) throughout the project AICO/2016/056. Authors are thankful to Harinas Villamayor S.A. for providing raw materials for conducting this study.Martín-Esparza, M.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; Raga-Soriano, A.; Albors, A. (2018). High fibre tiger nut pasta and xanthan gum: cooking quality, microstructure, physico-chemical properties and consumer acceptance. Food Science and Biotechnology. 27(4):1075-1084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0341-1S10751084274WHO. Salt reduction. Fact sheet, World Health Organization (2016).Romo C, Mize K, Warfel K. Addition of hi-maize, natural dietary fiber, to a commercial cake mix. J Am Diet Assoc. 108: 76–77 (2008)Aravind N, Sissons M, Fellows CM. 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Palladium-catalyzed ortho C–H arylation of unprotected anilines: Chemo- and regioselectivity enabled by the cooperating ligand [2,2′-bipyridin]-6(1H)-one

Producción CientíficaMetal-catalyzed C–H functionalizations on the aryl ring of anilines usually need cumbersome N-protection–deprotection strategies to ensure chemoselectivity. We describe here the Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of unprotected anilines with no competition of the N-arylation product. The ligand [2,2′-bipyridin]-6(1H)-one drives the chemoselectivity by kinetic differentiation in the product-forming step, while playing a cooperating role in the C–H cleavage step. The latter is favored in an anionic intermediate where the NH moiety is deprotonated, driving the regioselectivity of the reaction toward ortho substitution.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (projects PID2019-111406GB-I00 and PID-2020-116861GB-I00)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects VA224P20 and VA087-18

Anthocyanin Pigments: Importance, Sample Preparation and Extraction

Anthocyanins are naturally occuring pigments belonging to the group of flavonoids, a subclass of the polyphenol family. They are common components of the human diet, as they are present in many foods, fruits and vegetables, especially in berries and red wine. There were more studies conducted on effect of processing and storage on changes and stability of colors of anthocyanins in foods such as fruits and also for their use as natural colorants. Besides, the interest on anthocyanins is still growing also owing to their strong antioxidant activity against many chronic diseases, numerous studies about their medicinal, therapeutical and nutritional value were also conducted. There are pieces of evidence regarding the positive association of their intake with healthy biological effects. They act as antioxidants both in the foodstuffs in which they are found and in the organism that take in foods rich in anthocyanins. Many efforts have been carried out to develop new analytical techniques for identification and quantification of anthocyanins in plant materials, as well as their effects in vivo and in vitro. With this in mind, an overview to general considerations concerning (i) polyphenol and flavonoid history; (ii) chemical structure, color and intake of anthocyanins and (iii) sample preparation and extraction methods are presented in this chapter