266 research outputs found
Transverse Phase Locking for Vortex Motion in Square and Triangular Pinning Arrays
We analyze transverse phase locking for vortex motion in a superconductor
with a longitudinal DC drive and a transverse AC drive. For both square and
triangular arrays we observe a variety of fractional phase locking steps in the
velocity versus DC drive which correspond to stable vortex orbits. The locking
steps are more pronounced for the triangular arrays which is due to the fact
that the vortex motion has a periodic transverse velocity component even for
zero transverse AC drive. All the steps increase monotonically in width with AC
amplitude. We confirm that the width of some fractional steps in the square
arrays scales as the square of the AC driving amplitude. In addition we
demonstrate scaling in the velocity versus applied DC driving curves at
depinning and on the main step, similar to that seen for phase locking in
charge-density wave systems. The phase locking steps are most prominent for
commensurate vortex fillings where the interstitial vortices form symmetrical
ground states. For increasing temperature, the fractional steps are washed out
very quickly, while the main step gains a linear component and disappears at
melting. For triangular pinning arrays we again observe transverse phase
locking, with the main and several of the fractional step widths scaling
linearly with AC amplitude.Comment: 10 pages, 14 postscript figure
Therapeutic efficacy of pulmonary live tuberculosis vaccines against established asthma by subverting local immune environment
Background: Substantial recent advances in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind asthma have evidenced the importance of the lung immune environment for disease outcome, making modulation of local immune responses an attractive therapeutic target against this pathology. Live attenuated mycobacteria, such as the tuberculosis vaccine BCG, have been classically linked with a type 1 response, and proposed as possible modulators of the type 2 response usually associated with asthma.
Methods: In this study we used different acute and chronic murine models of asthma to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal delivery of the live tuberculosis vaccines BCG and MTBVAC by regulating the lung immune environment associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).
Findings: Intranasal administration of BCG, or the novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate MTBVAC, abrogated AHR-associated hallmarks, including eosinophilia and lung remodeling. This correlated with the re-polarization of allergen-induced M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, as well as with the induction of a strong allergen-specific Th1 response. Importantly, vaccine treatment was effective in a scenario of established chronic asthma where a strong eosinophil infiltration was already present prior to immunization. We finally compared the nebulization efficiency of clinical formulations of MTBVAC and BCG using a standard commercial nebulizer for potential aerosol application.
Interpretation: Our results demonstrate that pulmonary live tuberculosis vaccines efficiently revert established asthma in mice. These data support the further exploration of this approach as potential therapy against asthma
Teaching-life Histories: An Analysis of Initial and Continuing Training for Twenty-first century Teachers
This research analyses the teaching practice of retired teachers with the objective of inquiring into the initial and continuing training that twenty-first century teachers need. To this end, a semistructured interview was conducted with an incidental, nonprobabilistic sample of 325 participants and performed quantitative analysis of the data with SPSS 23. The descriptive parameters were produced using frequency analysis. Contingency tables were produced to verify if sex or year of birth explained perceptions of the training required of to be a good teacher. The results revealed significant differences between those born before 1948 and those born after that year
Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters
[EN] Barley concentrations ranging from 0 to 32% (0B, 40B, 80B, 160B, and 319B) were incorporated into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) diets. The experiment started with an initial average fish weight of 127.72 +/- 5.65 g and finished when they reached commercial weight (final weight between 312 and 330 g) after 84 days. The inclusion of barley in the diets did not show a significant effect on growth and biometric parameters, fat and carbohydrate digestibilities; however, protein digestibility decreased significantly with the incorporation of barley on diets. Glucose levels increased significantly with barley concentration in the diet, and lactate and cortisol levels were also significantly affected after a stress period regardless of the diet. Meat quality was influenced as well by barley concentration. Lower water activity values and an enhancement in textural and color properties were observed in fish fed with the diet containing the highest barley concentration. Trout fed feed with higher concentrations of barley (160B) showed lower lipid oxidation levels than those fed with lower concentrations (control and 40B). The sensory panel found that fish fed with diets higher than 8% in barley content (80B) exhibited a brighter red color in the gills and a better texture; also, meat color became redder with a higher barley inclusion (160B and 319B), being all these sensory parameters correlated with fish freshness. Thus, results indicate that barley can be substituted for wheat fraction without any detrimental effect on production efficiency and enhancing fish quality.This work has been co-funded with FEDER and INIA funds. The authors thanks Dr. Francisco Ciudad Bautista for providing barley variety obtained in ITACyL, IRTA, EEDF-CSIC, ITAP, and INIA (1FD97-0792 and RTA2006-00020-C04). Julia Pinedo has been granted with the FPI-INIA grant number 21 (call 2012, BOE-2012-13337).Pinedo-Gil, J.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Larrán-García, AM.; Tomas-Almenar, C.; Jover Cerda, M.; Sanz-Calvo, M.; Martín-Diana, A. (2017). Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters. Aquaculture International. 25(3):1005-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0091-010051023253A.O.A.C., Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington 1298 ppAi Q, Mai K, Zhang L, Tan B, Zhang W, Xu W, Li H (2007) Effects of dietary β-1,3- glucan on innate immune response on large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish Shellfish Immun 22:394–402APROMAR 2014 La acuicultura en España 2013. Report by the Spanish Association of marine Aquaculture (APROMAR) and the Spanish Association of Freshwater Aquaculture (ESCUA). Available at: http://www.apromar.es/content/la-acuicultura-en-españa-2014Asghari M, Shabanpour B, Pakravan S (2014) Evaluation of some qualitative variations in frozen fillets of beluga (Huso huso) fed by different carbohydrate to lipid ratios. J Food Sci Tech 51(3):430–439Atkinson JL, Hilton JW, Slinger SJ (1984) Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as an indicator of feed digestibility in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41:1384–1386Caballero MJ, Obach A, Rosenlund G, Montero D, Gisvold M, Izquierdo MS (2002) Impact of different dietary lipid sources on growth, lipid digestibility, tissue fatty acid composition and histology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 214:253–271Casas C, Martinez O, Guillen MD, Pin C, Salmeron J (2006) Textural properties of raw Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at three points along the fillet, determined by different methods. Food Control 17:511–515Chang C-F, Su M-S, Chen H-Y, Liao I-C (2003) Dietary β-1,3-glucan effectively improves immunity and survival of Penaeus monodon challenged with white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immun 15:297–310Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW (2002) Effect of microbial phytase on apparent nutrient digestibility of barley, canola meal, wheat and wheat middlings, measured in vivo using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Nutr 8:271–277Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW (2003) Effects of extrusion processing of feed ingredients on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac Nutr 9:77–83Cho CY, Slinger SJ, Bayley HS (1982) Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes: energy intake, expenditure and productivity. Comp Biochem Physiol 73B:25–41Couto A, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Enes P (2016) Screening of nutrient digestibility, glycaemic response and gust morphology alterations in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed whole cereal meals. Aquaculture 450:31–37Dalmo RA, Bøgwald J (2008) Β-Glucans as conductors of immune symplhonies. Review. Fish Shellfish Immun 25:384–396Flores-Quintana C (2002) Respuestas neuroendocrinas al estrés en peces teleósteos. Rev ictiol 10(1/2):57–78García-Riera MP, Hemre G-I (1996) Effect of adaptation to three different levels of dietary carbohydrates on the incorporation of 14C-glucose in several organs of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglosus hippoglossus). Aquac Res 27:565–571Gatlin DM, Barrows F, Brown P, Dabrowski K, Gaylord TG, Hardy RW, Herman E, Hu G, Krogdahl Å, Nelson R, Overturf K, Rust M, Sealey W, Skonberg D, Souza EJ, Stone D, Wilson R, Wurtele E (2007) Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquac Res 38:551–579Gaylord TG, Barrows FT, Rawles SD, Liu K, Bregitzer P, Hang A, Obert DE, Morris C (2009) Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in extruded diets from cultivars of barley and wheat selected for nutritional quality in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquac Nutr 15:306–312Ghaedi G, Keyvanshokooh S, Azarm HM, Akhlaghi M (2015) Effects of dietary β-glucan on maternal immunity and fry quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 441:78–83Grisdale-Helland B, Helland SJ (1997) Replacemente of protein by fat and carbohydrate in diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the end of the freshwater stage. Aquaculture 152:167–180Gu M, Ma H, Mai K, Zhang W, Bai N, Wang X (2011) Effects of dietary β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharide and their combinations on growth performance, immunity and resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immun 31:303–309Hai NV, Fotedar R (2009) Comparison of the effects of the prebiotics (Bio-Mos® and β-1,3-D-glucan) and the customized probiotics (Pseudomonas synxantha and P. aeruginosa) on the culture of juvenile western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus kishinouye, 1896). Aquaculture 289:310–316Heidarieh M, Mivaghefi AR, Akbari A, Sheikhzadeh N, Kamyabi-Moghaddam Z, Askari H, Shahbazfar AA (2012) Evaluation of Hilyses™, fermented Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, enzymatic activities and gastrointestinal structure. Aquac Nutr 19:343–348. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2012.00973.xHemre G-I (1992) Studies on carbohydrate nutrition in Cod (Gadus morhua). Dr. scientiarum Thesis. Institute of Nutrition, University of Bergen, NorwayHemre G-I, Krogdahl Å (1996) The effect of handling and fish size on the secondary changes in carbohydrate metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquac Nutr 2:249–252Hemre G-I, Mommsen TP, Krogdahl Å (2002) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aquac Nutr 8:175–194Hixson SM (2014) Fish nutrition and current issues in aquaculture: the balance in providing safe and nutritious seafood, in an environmentally sustainable manner. J Aquac Res Dev 5:234. doi: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000234ISO 8586-1:2001 (2001) Sensory analysis—general guidance for the selection, training and monitoring of assessors—part 1: selected assessors (International Organization for Standardization)ISO 8586-2: 2008 (2008) Sensory analysis—general guidance for the selection, training and monitoring of assessors—part 2: expert sensory assessors (International Organization for Standardization)ISO 8589: 2007 (2007) Sensory analysis—general guidance for the design of test rooms (International Organization for Standardization)Jeney G, Galeotti M, Volpatti D, Anderson DP (1997) Prevention of stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing different doses of glucan. Aquaculture 154:1–15Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ (1984) Clinical chemistry: theory, analysis, and correlation. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 1032–1036Krogdahl Å, Sundby A, Olli JJ (2004) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) digest and metabolize nutrients differently. Effects of water salinity and dietary starch level. Aquaculture 229:335–360Krogdahl Å, Hemre GI, Mommsen TP (2005) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: digestion and absorption in postlarval stages. Aquac Nutr 11:103–122Kumar V, Sinha AK, Makkar HPS, De Boeck G, Becker K (2012) Phytate and phytase in fish nutrition. Review article. J Anim Physiol An N 96:335–364Lakshmanan PT (2000) Fish spoilage and quality assessment. In: Lyre TSG, Kandoran MK, Thomas M, Mathew PT (eds) Quality assurance in seafood processing. Society Fisher Techno (India), Cochin, pp 26–40Lazaridou A, Biliaderis CG (2007) Molecular aspects of cereal β-glucan functionality: physical properties, technological applications and physiological effects. J Cereal Sci 46:101–118Lin S, Pan Y, Luo L, Luo L (2011) Effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan, chitosan or raffinose on the growth, innate immunity and resistance of loi (Cyprinus carpio koi). Fish Shellfish Immun 31:788–794Lokesh J, Fernandes JMO, Korsnes K, Bergh Ø, Brinchmann MF (2012) Transcriptional regulation of cytokines in the intestine of Atlantic cod fed yeast derived mannan oligosaccharide or β-glucan and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. Fish Shellfish Immun 33:626–631MAGRAMA. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (2015) Gobierno de España. Available at: http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/pesca/temas/acuicultura/produccion-de-acuicultura/default.aspxMartinsdóttir E, Sveinsdóttir K, Luten J, Schelvis-Smit R, Hyldig G (2001) La evaluación sensorial de la frescura del pescado. Manual de referencia para el sector pesquero. Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories. Available at: QIM Eurofish. URL http://qim-eurofish.comMeena DK, Das P, Kumar S, Mandal SC, Prusty AK, Singh SK, Akhtar MS, Behera BK, Kumar K, Pal AK, Mukherjee SC (2013) Beta-glucan: an ideal immunostimulant in aquaculture. Fish Physiol Biochem 39:431–457Mommsen TP, Vijayan MM, Moon TW (1999) Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action and metabolic regulation. Rev Fish Biol Fisher 9:211–268Morken T, Kraugerud OF, Barrows FT, Sørensen M, Storebakken T, Øverland M (2011) Sodium diformate and extrusion temperature affect nutrient digestibility and physical quality of diets with fish meal and barley protein concentrate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 317:138–145Ortiz J, Lemus-Mondaca R, Vega-Gálvez A, Ah-hen K, Puente-Díaz L, Zura-Bravo L, Aubourg S (2013) Influence of air-drying temperature on drying kinetics, colour, firmness and biochemical characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets. Food Chem 139:162–169Overturf K, Raboy V, Cheng ZJ, Hardy RW (2003) Mineral availability from barley low phytic acid grains in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. Aquac Nutr 9:239–246Popelka M, Marcinčák S, Maskal’ová I, Guothová L, Čertík M (2014) Comparison of the chemical composition and nutritional values of fresh and frozen rainbow trout. Slov Vet Res 51(2):73–80Pratoomyot J, Bendiksen EÅ, Bell JG, Tocher DR (2010) Effects of increasing replacement of dietary fishmeal with plant protein sources on growth performance and body lipid composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 305:124–132Sealey WM, Barrows FT, Hang A, Johansen KA, Overturf K, LaPatra SE, Hardy RW (2008) Evaluation of the ability of barley genotypes containing different amounts of β-glucan to alter growth and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Anim Feed Sci Tech 141:115–128Skrede G, Storebakken T, Skrede A, Sahlstrøm S, Sørensen M, Shearer KD, Slinde E (2002) Lactic acid fermentation of wheat and barley whole meal flours improves digestibility of nutrients and energy in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets. Aquaculture 210:305–321Stone DAJ (2003) Dietary carbohydrate utilization by fish. Rev Fish Sci 11(4):337–369Storebakken T, Shearer KD, Refstie S, Lagocki S, McCool J (1998) Interactions between salinity, dietary carbohydrate source and carbohydrate concentration on the digestibility of macronutrients and energy in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 163:347–359Thomas L (Hrsg.) (1992) Labor und Diagnose, 4. Auflage. Marburg; Die MedizinischeVerlagsgesellschaftValente LMP, Rema P, Ferraro V, Pintado M, Sousa-Pinto I, Cunha LM, Oliveira MB, Araújo M (2015) Iodine enrichment of rainbow trout flesh by dietary supplementation with the red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Aquaculture 446:132–139Vyncke W (1975) Evaluation of the direct thiobarbituric acid extraction method for determining oxidative rancidity in mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.). Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 77(6):239–240Walton MJ (1986) Metabolic effects of feeding a high protein/low carbohydrate diet as compared to a low protein/high carbohydrate diet in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Fish Physiol Biochem 1(1):7–15Xu Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li X, Yi S, Li J (2015) Physicochemical responses and quality changes of turbot (Psetta maxima) during refrigerated storage. Int J Food Prop. doi: 10.1080/1094.2912.2015.1022260. In pressYildiz M (2004) The study of fillet quality and the growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with diets containing different amounts of vitamin E. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc 4:81–8
On Standard Reductions to Relative Gravity Measurements. A Case Study Through the Establishment of the New Local Gravity Net in the Province of Valencia (Spain)
This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in:
“Survey Review"; Volume 43, Issue 319, 2011; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003962610X12747001420825Standard reductions to gravity readings due to Earth tides, ocean loading and attraction, polar motion,
instrumental height and air pressure variations and loading of atmospheric masses are studied in this
paper from a practical point of view, that is, taking into account their numerical values and their
influence on gravimetric readings and relative gravimetric observations.
The study was carried out using the observations and definition of a new local gravimetric net. This
new local gravimetric net has been established in the province of Valencia (Eastern Spain) to meet the
increasing requirements of geophysics, geology, geodesy and geodynamics. The net comprises 21 sites,
which are an average of 45 km apart and was measured using Lacoste & Romberg D203 and G301
gravimeters. Gravity values were determined using one fixed station in relation to an absolute one and
202 relative gravimetric observables. Reductions are applied for Earth tides (with real accurate
amplitude and phase-difference for the principal tidal waves analysed from 301 digitally recorded days
of gravity readings) where oceanic attraction and loading has been considered. In addition, reductions
for polar motion, vertical gradient to instrument height and air pressure and loading of atmospheric
masses have been applied. The net was established using least square adjustment where the weights of
each relative gravimetric observable were determined by iterative estimation in accordance with the
Huber robust estimation procedure. Obtained standard deviations of the final gravity values have an
average value of 18x10-8 ms-2 (18 µGal), minimum value of 10x10-8 ms-2 and maximum value of 26x10-8
ms-2 . The statistical analysis of the results concludes with a precision and reliability determination.
Discussion of the numerical values obtained in the standard gravimetric reductions shows the
importance of each one in the final solution, bearing in mind that the relative gravimetric observables
have been obtained using Lacoste & Romberg instruments and the geographical location of the net. The
main conclusion is that only Earth tides reduction (with approximate amplitude and phase-difference
numbers for the principal tidal waves) have to be taken into accountMartín Furones, ÁE.; Anquela Julián, AB.; Padin Devesa, J.; Berné Valero, JL. (2011). On Standard Reductions to Relative Gravity Measurements. A Case Study Through the Establishment of the New Local Gravity Net in the Province of Valencia (Spain). Survey Review. 43(319):16-29. doi:10.1179/003962610X12747001420825S162943319Boedecker, G., & Richter, B. (1981). The new gravity base net 1976 of the Federal Republic of Germany (DSGN 76). Bulletin Géodésique, 55(3), 250-266. doi:10.1007/bf02530865Cartwright, D. E., & Tayler, R. J. (2007). New Computations of the Tide-generating Potential. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 23(1), 45-73. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1971.tb01803.xCharles, K. and Hipkin, R.G. 1994. British precise gravity net 1993. Joint symposium of the International Gravity Comission and the International Geoid Comission, Symposium 113: 39–45, Graz, Austria. Ed. Springer-Verlag.Farrell, W. E. (1972). Deformation of the Earth by surface loads. Reviews of Geophysics, 10(3), 761. doi:10.1029/rg010i003p00761Jentzsch, G. (s. f.). Earth tides and ocean tidal loading. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 145-171. doi:10.1007/bfb0011461Torge, W. 1989. Gravimetry. Ed. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York. 465 pages.Wahr, J. M. (1985). Deformation induced by polar motion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(B11), 9363. doi:10.1029/jb090ib11p09363Wenzel, G. 1998. Format and structure for the exchange of high precision tidal data, http://www.ife.uni-hannover.de/∼Wenzel/format/format.html, acceded on February 1999
SEOM clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) (2019)
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a varied geographic distribution and an aggressive behavior. In Spain, it represents the sixth cause of cancer death. In Western countries, the incidence is decreasing slightly, with an increase in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA), a different entity that we separate specifically in the guideline. Molecular biology advances have been done recently, but do not yet lead to the choice in treatment approach except in advanced disease with overexpression of HER2. Endoscopic resection in very early stage, perioperative chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors and preliminary immune therapy resulting in advanced disease are the main treatment innovations in the GC/GEJA treatment. We describe the different evidences and recommendations following the statements of the American College of Physicians
Selberg Supertrace Formula for Super Riemann Surfaces III: Bordered Super Riemann Surfaces
This paper is the third in a sequel to develop a super-analogue of the
classical Selberg trace formula, the Selberg supertrace formula. It deals with
bordered super Riemann surfaces. The theory of bordered super Riemann surfaces
is outlined, and the corresponding Selberg supertrace formula is developed. The
analytic properties of the Selberg super zeta-functions on bordered super
Riemann surfaces are discussed, and super-determinants of Dirac-Laplace
operators on bordered super Riemann surfaces are calculated in terms of Selberg
super zeta-functions.Comment: 43 pages, amste
Non-perturbative effective field theory for two-leg antiferromagnetic spin ladders
We study the long wavelength limit of a spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic
two-leg ladder, treating the interchain coupling in a non-perturbative way. We
perform a mean field analysis and then include exactly the fluctuations. This
allows for a discussion of the phase diagram of the system and provides an
effective field theory for the low energy excitations. The coset fermionic
Lagrangian obtained corresponds to a perturbed SU(4)_1/U(1) Conformal Field
Theory (CFT). This effective theory is naturally embedded in a SU(2)_2 x Z_2
CFT, where perturbations are easily identified in terms of conformal operators
in the two sectors. Crossed and zig-zag ladders are also discussed using the
same approach.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX, 5 PostScript figures included using epsfig.sty; minor
corrections and a few references adde
Respiratory Immunization With a Whole Cell Inactivated Vaccine Induces Functional Mucosal Immunoglobulins Against Tuberculosis in Mice and Non-human Primates
Vaccination through the natural route of infection represents an attractive immunization strategy in vaccinology. In the case of tuberculosis, vaccine delivery by the respiratory route has regained interest in recent years, showing efficacy in different animal models. In this context, respiratory vaccination triggers lung immunological mechanisms which are omitted when vaccines are administered by parenteral route. However, contribution of mucosal antibodies to vaccine- induced protection has been poorly studied. In the present study, we evaluated in mice and non-human primates (NHP) a novel whole cell inactivated vaccine (MTBVAC HK), by mucosal administration. MTBVAC HK given by intranasal route to BCG-primed mice substantially improved the protective efficacy conferred by subcutaneous BCG only. Interestingly, this improved protection was absent in mice lacking polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), suggesting a crucial role of mucosal secretory immunoglobulins in protective immunity. Our study in NHP confirmed the ability of MTBVAC HK to trigger mucosal immunoglobulins. Importantly, in vitro assays demonstrated the functionality of these immunoglobulins to induce M. tuberculosis opsonization in the presence of human macrophages. Altogether, our results suggest that mucosal immunoglobulins can be induced by vaccination to improve protection against tuberculosis and therefore, they represent a promising target for next generation tuberculosis vaccines
Prevención secundaria tras un síndrome coronario agudo. Resultados a medio plazo de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca
Introducción
Los Programas de Rehabilitación Cardiaca han adquirido gran relevancia como herramienta para mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de pacientes que han presentado un síndrome coronario agudo.
Objetivo
Evaluar los resultados de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca a medio plazo.
Materiales y métodos
Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 121 pacientes que presentaron un síndrome coronario agudo y fueron incluidos en el programa de rehabilitación cardiaca. Se analizaron las características demográficas, antropométricas, analíticas y de capacidad funcional a la inclusión, tras finalizar el programa presencial y a los 12 meses.
Resultados
La edad media fue 54 ± 7 años. El factor de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalente fue el sobrepeso/obesidad (88, 4%). Tras la finalización del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca disminuyeron significativamente los valores de colesterol LDL (81, 1 ± 28, 7 vs. 76, 5 ± 31, 5 mg/dl; p 0, 03). Un porcentaje significativo de diabéticos alcanzaron objetivos de Hb A1c < 7% (50% vs. 68, 5%; p 0, 01). El perímetro abdominal mostró una disminución estadísticamente significativa (100, 8 ± 12, 8 vs. 99, 5 ± 12, 3 cm; p 0, 004). El 89, 3% de los pacientes mejoraron su capacidad funcional. En la revisión anual la mayoría de los parámetros estudiados mostraron una discreta tendencia negativa. Un 47, 36% de los fumadores a la inclusión mantenían el hábito tabáquico al año.
Conclusiones
Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca mejoran el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, cambios de estilo de vida y capacidad funcional en los pacientes que han sufrido un síndrome coronario agudo. Es preciso reforzar las estrategias de control para mantener estos beneficios a medio-largo plazo.
Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes have become a very important tool for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients that have suffered an acute coronary syndrome.
Objective: To evaluate the medium-term results of a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Materials and methods: A descriptive study of 121 patients that presented with an acute coronary syndrome and were included in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. An analysis was performed on the demographic and anthropometric characteristics, as well as laboratory tests and functional capacity on inclusion, after finishing the programme, and at 12 months.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 54 ± 7 years. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was overweight / obesity (88.4%). After finishing the cardiac rehabilitation programmes, the LDL Cholesterol values significantly decreased (81.1 ± 28.7 vs. 76.5 ± 31.5 mg/dl; P =.03). A significant percentage of diabetics reached objectives of an Hb A1c < 7% (50% vs. 68.5%; P =.01). The abdominal circumference showed a statistically significant decrease (100.8 ± 12.8 vs. 99.5 ± 12.3 cm; P =.004). An improvement in functional capacity was observed in 89.3% of the patients. In the annual review, the majority of the parameters studied showed a slight negative trend. Just under half (47.36%) of smokers at inclusion maintained the tobacco habit at one year.
Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes improve the control of cardiovascular risk factors, changes in life style and functional capacity in patients that had suffered an acute coronary syndrome. Control strategies need to be enforced in order to maintain these benefits in the medium-long term
- …