Transverse Phase Locking for Vortex Motion in Square and Triangular Pinning Arrays

We analyze transverse phase locking for vortex motion in a superconductor with a longitudinal DC drive and a transverse AC drive. For both square and triangular arrays we observe a variety of fractional phase locking steps in the velocity versus DC drive which correspond to stable vortex orbits. The locking steps are more pronounced for the triangular arrays which is due to the fact that the vortex motion has a periodic transverse velocity component even for zero transverse AC drive. All the steps increase monotonically in width with AC amplitude. We confirm that the width of some fractional steps in the square arrays scales as the square of the AC driving amplitude. In addition we demonstrate scaling in the velocity versus applied DC driving curves at depinning and on the main step, similar to that seen for phase locking in charge-density wave systems. The phase locking steps are most prominent for commensurate vortex fillings where the interstitial vortices form symmetrical ground states. For increasing temperature, the fractional steps are washed out very quickly, while the main step gains a linear component and disappears at melting. For triangular pinning arrays we again observe transverse phase locking, with the main and several of the fractional step widths scaling linearly with AC amplitude.Comment: 10 pages, 14 postscript figure

Therapeutic efficacy of pulmonary live tuberculosis vaccines against established asthma by subverting local immune environment

Background: Substantial recent advances in the comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind asthma have evidenced the importance of the lung immune environment for disease outcome, making modulation of local immune responses an attractive therapeutic target against this pathology. Live attenuated mycobacteria, such as the tuberculosis vaccine BCG, have been classically linked with a type 1 response, and proposed as possible modulators of the type 2 response usually associated with asthma. Methods: In this study we used different acute and chronic murine models of asthma to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal delivery of the live tuberculosis vaccines BCG and MTBVAC by regulating the lung immune environment associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Findings: Intranasal administration of BCG, or the novel tuberculosis vaccine candidate MTBVAC, abrogated AHR-associated hallmarks, including eosinophilia and lung remodeling. This correlated with the re-polarization of allergen-induced M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, as well as with the induction of a strong allergen-specific Th1 response. Importantly, vaccine treatment was effective in a scenario of established chronic asthma where a strong eosinophil infiltration was already present prior to immunization. We finally compared the nebulization efficiency of clinical formulations of MTBVAC and BCG using a standard commercial nebulizer for potential aerosol application. Interpretation: Our results demonstrate that pulmonary live tuberculosis vaccines efficiently revert established asthma in mice. These data support the further exploration of this approach as potential therapy against asthma

Teaching-life Histories: An Analysis of Initial and Continuing Training for Twenty-first century Teachers

This research analyses the teaching practice of retired teachers with the objective of inquiring into the initial and continuing training that twenty-first century teachers need. To this end, a semistructured interview was conducted with an incidental, nonprobabilistic sample of 325 participants and performed quantitative analysis of the data with SPSS 23. The descriptive parameters were produced using frequency analysis. Contingency tables were produced to verify if sex or year of birth explained perceptions of the training required of to be a good teacher. The results revealed significant differences between those born before 1948 and those born after that year

Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters

[EN] Barley concentrations ranging from 0 to 32% (0B, 40B, 80B, 160B, and 319B) were incorporated into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) diets. The experiment started with an initial average fish weight of 127.72 +/- 5.65 g and finished when they reached commercial weight (final weight between 312 and 330 g) after 84 days. The inclusion of barley in the diets did not show a significant effect on growth and biometric parameters, fat and carbohydrate digestibilities; however, protein digestibility decreased significantly with the incorporation of barley on diets. Glucose levels increased significantly with barley concentration in the diet, and lactate and cortisol levels were also significantly affected after a stress period regardless of the diet. Meat quality was influenced as well by barley concentration. Lower water activity values and an enhancement in textural and color properties were observed in fish fed with the diet containing the highest barley concentration. Trout fed feed with higher concentrations of barley (160B) showed lower lipid oxidation levels than those fed with lower concentrations (control and 40B). The sensory panel found that fish fed with diets higher than 8% in barley content (80B) exhibited a brighter red color in the gills and a better texture; also, meat color became redder with a higher barley inclusion (160B and 319B), being all these sensory parameters correlated with fish freshness. Thus, results indicate that barley can be substituted for wheat fraction without any detrimental effect on production efficiency and enhancing fish quality.This work has been co-funded with FEDER and INIA funds. The authors thanks Dr. Francisco Ciudad Bautista for providing barley variety obtained in ITACyL, IRTA, EEDF-CSIC, ITAP, and INIA (1FD97-0792 and RTA2006-00020-C04). Julia Pinedo has been granted with the FPI-INIA grant number 21 (call 2012, BOE-2012-13337).Pinedo-Gil, J.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Larrán-García, AM.; Tomas-Almenar, C.; Jover Cerda, M.; Sanz-Calvo, M.; Martín-Diana, A. (2017). Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters. Aquaculture International. 25(3):1005-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0091-010051023253A.O.A.C., Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington 1298 ppAi Q, Mai K, Zhang L, Tan B, Zhang W, Xu W, Li H (2007) Effects of dietary β-1,3- glucan on innate immune response on large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish Shellfish Immun 22:394–402APROMAR 2014 La acuicultura en España 2013. Report by the Spanish Association of marine Aquaculture (APROMAR) and the Spanish Association of Freshwater Aquaculture (ESCUA). 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On Standard Reductions to Relative Gravity Measurements. A Case Study Through the Establishment of the New Local Gravity Net in the Province of Valencia (Spain)

This is an author's accepted manuscript of an article published in: “Survey Review"; Volume 43, Issue 319, 2011; copyright Taylor & Francis; available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003962610X12747001420825Standard reductions to gravity readings due to Earth tides, ocean loading and attraction, polar motion, instrumental height and air pressure variations and loading of atmospheric masses are studied in this paper from a practical point of view, that is, taking into account their numerical values and their influence on gravimetric readings and relative gravimetric observations. The study was carried out using the observations and definition of a new local gravimetric net. This new local gravimetric net has been established in the province of Valencia (Eastern Spain) to meet the increasing requirements of geophysics, geology, geodesy and geodynamics. The net comprises 21 sites, which are an average of 45 km apart and was measured using Lacoste & Romberg D203 and G301 gravimeters. Gravity values were determined using one fixed station in relation to an absolute one and 202 relative gravimetric observables. Reductions are applied for Earth tides (with real accurate amplitude and phase-difference for the principal tidal waves analysed from 301 digitally recorded days of gravity readings) where oceanic attraction and loading has been considered. In addition, reductions for polar motion, vertical gradient to instrument height and air pressure and loading of atmospheric masses have been applied. The net was established using least square adjustment where the weights of each relative gravimetric observable were determined by iterative estimation in accordance with the Huber robust estimation procedure. Obtained standard deviations of the final gravity values have an average value of 18x10-8 ms-2 (18 µGal), minimum value of 10x10-8 ms-2 and maximum value of 26x10-8 ms-2 . The statistical analysis of the results concludes with a precision and reliability determination. Discussion of the numerical values obtained in the standard gravimetric reductions shows the importance of each one in the final solution, bearing in mind that the relative gravimetric observables have been obtained using Lacoste & Romberg instruments and the geographical location of the net. The main conclusion is that only Earth tides reduction (with approximate amplitude and phase-difference numbers for the principal tidal waves) have to be taken into accountMartín Furones, ÁE.; Anquela Julián, AB.; Padin Devesa, J.; Berné Valero, JL. (2011). On Standard Reductions to Relative Gravity Measurements. A Case Study Through the Establishment of the New Local Gravity Net in the Province of Valencia (Spain). Survey Review. 43(319):16-29. doi:10.1179/003962610X12747001420825S162943319Boedecker, G., & Richter, B. (1981). The new gravity base net 1976 of the Federal Republic of Germany (DSGN 76). Bulletin Géodésique, 55(3), 250-266. doi:10.1007/bf02530865Cartwright, D. E., & Tayler, R. J. (2007). New Computations of the Tide-generating Potential. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 23(1), 45-73. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1971.tb01803.xCharles, K. and Hipkin, R.G. 1994. British precise gravity net 1993. Joint symposium of the International Gravity Comission and the International Geoid Comission, Symposium 113: 39–45, Graz, Austria. Ed. Springer-Verlag.Farrell, W. E. (1972). Deformation of the Earth by surface loads. Reviews of Geophysics, 10(3), 761. doi:10.1029/rg010i003p00761Jentzsch, G. (s. f.). Earth tides and ocean tidal loading. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 145-171. doi:10.1007/bfb0011461Torge, W. 1989. Gravimetry. Ed. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York. 465 pages.Wahr, J. M. (1985). Deformation induced by polar motion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(B11), 9363. doi:10.1029/jb090ib11p09363Wenzel, G. 1998. Format and structure for the exchange of high precision tidal data, http://www.ife.uni-hannover.de/∼Wenzel/format/format.html, acceded on February 1999

SEOM clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) (2019)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a varied geographic distribution and an aggressive behavior. In Spain, it represents the sixth cause of cancer death. In Western countries, the incidence is decreasing slightly, with an increase in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA), a different entity that we separate specifically in the guideline. Molecular biology advances have been done recently, but do not yet lead to the choice in treatment approach except in advanced disease with overexpression of HER2. Endoscopic resection in very early stage, perioperative chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors and preliminary immune therapy resulting in advanced disease are the main treatment innovations in the GC/GEJA treatment. We describe the different evidences and recommendations following the statements of the American College of Physicians

Selberg Supertrace Formula for Super Riemann Surfaces III: Bordered Super Riemann Surfaces

This paper is the third in a sequel to develop a super-analogue of the classical Selberg trace formula, the Selberg supertrace formula. It deals with bordered super Riemann surfaces. The theory of bordered super Riemann surfaces is outlined, and the corresponding Selberg supertrace formula is developed. The analytic properties of the Selberg super zeta-functions on bordered super Riemann surfaces are discussed, and super-determinants of Dirac-Laplace operators on bordered super Riemann surfaces are calculated in terms of Selberg super zeta-functions.Comment: 43 pages, amste

Non-perturbative effective field theory for two-leg antiferromagnetic spin ladders

We study the long wavelength limit of a spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic two-leg ladder, treating the interchain coupling in a non-perturbative way. We perform a mean field analysis and then include exactly the fluctuations. This allows for a discussion of the phase diagram of the system and provides an effective field theory for the low energy excitations. The coset fermionic Lagrangian obtained corresponds to a perturbed SU(4)_1/U(1) Conformal Field Theory (CFT). This effective theory is naturally embedded in a SU(2)_2 x Z_2 CFT, where perturbations are easily identified in terms of conformal operators in the two sectors. Crossed and zig-zag ladders are also discussed using the same approach.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX, 5 PostScript figures included using epsfig.sty; minor corrections and a few references adde

Respiratory Immunization With a Whole Cell Inactivated Vaccine Induces Functional Mucosal Immunoglobulins Against Tuberculosis in Mice and Non-human Primates

Vaccination through the natural route of infection represents an attractive immunization strategy in vaccinology. In the case of tuberculosis, vaccine delivery by the respiratory route has regained interest in recent years, showing efficacy in different animal models. In this context, respiratory vaccination triggers lung immunological mechanisms which are omitted when vaccines are administered by parenteral route. However, contribution of mucosal antibodies to vaccine- induced protection has been poorly studied. In the present study, we evaluated in mice and non-human primates (NHP) a novel whole cell inactivated vaccine (MTBVAC HK), by mucosal administration. MTBVAC HK given by intranasal route to BCG-primed mice substantially improved the protective efficacy conferred by subcutaneous BCG only. Interestingly, this improved protection was absent in mice lacking polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), suggesting a crucial role of mucosal secretory immunoglobulins in protective immunity. Our study in NHP confirmed the ability of MTBVAC HK to trigger mucosal immunoglobulins. Importantly, in vitro assays demonstrated the functionality of these immunoglobulins to induce M. tuberculosis opsonization in the presence of human macrophages. Altogether, our results suggest that mucosal immunoglobulins can be induced by vaccination to improve protection against tuberculosis and therefore, they represent a promising target for next generation tuberculosis vaccines

Prevención secundaria tras un síndrome coronario agudo. Resultados a medio plazo de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca

Introducción Los Programas de Rehabilitación Cardiaca han adquirido gran relevancia como herramienta para mejorar el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de pacientes que han presentado un síndrome coronario agudo. Objetivo Evaluar los resultados de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca a medio plazo. Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 121 pacientes que presentaron un síndrome coronario agudo y fueron incluidos en el programa de rehabilitación cardiaca. Se analizaron las características demográficas, antropométricas, analíticas y de capacidad funcional a la inclusión, tras finalizar el programa presencial y a los 12 meses. Resultados La edad media fue 54 ± 7 años. El factor de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalente fue el sobrepeso/obesidad (88, 4%). Tras la finalización del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca disminuyeron significativamente los valores de colesterol LDL (81, 1 ± 28, 7 vs. 76, 5 ± 31, 5 mg/dl; p 0, 03). Un porcentaje significativo de diabéticos alcanzaron objetivos de Hb A1c < 7% (50% vs. 68, 5%; p 0, 01). El perímetro abdominal mostró una disminución estadísticamente significativa (100, 8 ± 12, 8 vs. 99, 5 ± 12, 3 cm; p 0, 004). El 89, 3% de los pacientes mejoraron su capacidad funcional. En la revisión anual la mayoría de los parámetros estudiados mostraron una discreta tendencia negativa. Un 47, 36% de los fumadores a la inclusión mantenían el hábito tabáquico al año. Conclusiones Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca mejoran el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, cambios de estilo de vida y capacidad funcional en los pacientes que han sufrido un síndrome coronario agudo. Es preciso reforzar las estrategias de control para mantener estos beneficios a medio-largo plazo. Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes have become a very important tool for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients that have suffered an acute coronary syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the medium-term results of a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Materials and methods: A descriptive study of 121 patients that presented with an acute coronary syndrome and were included in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. An analysis was performed on the demographic and anthropometric characteristics, as well as laboratory tests and functional capacity on inclusion, after finishing the programme, and at 12 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54 ± 7 years. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor was overweight / obesity (88.4%). After finishing the cardiac rehabilitation programmes, the LDL Cholesterol values significantly decreased (81.1 ± 28.7 vs. 76.5 ± 31.5 mg/dl; P =.03). A significant percentage of diabetics reached objectives of an Hb A1c < 7% (50% vs. 68.5%; P =.01). The abdominal circumference showed a statistically significant decrease (100.8 ± 12.8 vs. 99.5 ± 12.3 cm; P =.004). An improvement in functional capacity was observed in 89.3% of the patients. In the annual review, the majority of the parameters studied showed a slight negative trend. Just under half (47.36%) of smokers at inclusion maintained the tobacco habit at one year. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation programmes improve the control of cardiovascular risk factors, changes in life style and functional capacity in patients that had suffered an acute coronary syndrome. Control strategies need to be enforced in order to maintain these benefits in the medium-long term